قائمة الأيديولوجيات السياسية

Pirate politics
Pirate politics
الأيديولوجية	Anti-corruption; Civil libertarianism; Civil rights; Direct democracy; E-democracy; Participatory democracy; Social liberalism

هذه قائمة غير كاملة، قد يستحيل أن تستوفي بعض معايير الاكتمال.

In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.^[1]

Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".^[2] While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

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Anarchism

Anarchy symbol

Political internationals

Classical

Post-classical

Contemporary

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Latin America
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Chile
- Colombia
- Cuba
- Ecuador
- French Guiana
- Mexico
- Puerto Rico
- Venezuela
North America
- Canada
- United States
  - Individualist anarchism

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Asian

European

Oceanian

Authoritarianism

General

Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Opposition

Religious variants

Theocracy

Regional variants

African

American

Asian

European

Communitarianism

قالب:Communitarianism sidebar

General

Other

Regional variants

Communism


من سلسلة سياسة شيوعية
تاريخ الشيوعية '
مدارس الشيوعية ماركسية · لينينية شيوعية يسارية تروتسكية · ماركسية تلقائية شيوعية أوروبية · ماوية
' الاتحاد السوفييتي ; الصين كوبا ; فيتنام لاوس · كوريا الشمالية اليمن الجنوبي
مواضيع متعلقة اشتراكية رأسمالية · الحرب الباردة يسار جديد · اقتصاد مخطط مادية تاريخية فلسفة ماركسية مركزية ديمقراطية معاداة الشيوعية
شيوعيون مشهورون كارل ماركس · فريدريك إنگلز فلاديمير لنين · ليون تروتسكي روزا لكسمبورگ · أنطونيو گرامشي يوسف ستالين · ماو تسي تونگ جوزيف بروز تيتو · تشي گيڤارا فيدل كاسترو · خالد بكداش
بوابة السياسة ع • ن • ت

Political internationals

Committee for a Workers' International (Trotskyism)
Committee for Revolutionary International Regroupment (Trotskyism)
Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
Fourth International (Trotskyism)
Fourth International (ICR) (Trotskyism)
Fourth International (post-reunification) (Trotskyism)
Fourth International Posadist (Trotskyism)
International Bolshevik Tendency (Trotskyism)
International Committee of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
International Communist Current (left communism)
International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) (Trotskyism)
International Communist Party (left communism)
International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) (Maoism)
International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (Hoxhaism)
International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations (anti-revisionism)
International League of Peoples' Struggle (Marxism–Leninism–Maoism)
International Marxist Tendency (orthodox Trotskyism)
International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (Marxism–Leninism)
International Socialist Alternative (Trotskyism)
International Socialist Tendency (neo-Trotskyism)
International Workers League – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
International Workers' Unity – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
Internationalist Communist Tendency (left communism)
Internationalist Communist Union (Trotskyism)
League for the Fifth International (Trotskyism)
League for the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
Liaison Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
Revolutionary Communist International (Trotskyism)
Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
United Secretariat of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
World Socialist Movement (anti-Leninism, classical Marxism, impossibilism and international socialism)
Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International (Trotskyism)

Leninism

Marxism–Leninism

Libertarian

An Anarchist A laid over a Communist Hammer and sickle.

Marxism

Other

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Asian

European

Oceanian

Conservatism

Political internationals

General

Reactionary

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

قالب:Conservatism in Canada

United States

Asian

European

Oceanian

قالب:Conservatism in Australia

Corporatism

قالب:Corporatism

General

Other

Religious variants

Christian corporatism
- Distributism

Regional variants

Western Europe

Democracy

General

Other

Direct democracy movements

Pirate politics

Political internationals

Opposition

Anti-democratism

Religious variants

Christian democracy

قالب:Christian democracy sidebar

Political internationals

General

Other

Regional variants

African

Asian

American

European

Oceanian

Australia

Environmentalism

Political internationals

Bright green environmentalism

Deep green environmentalism

Light green environmentalism

Other

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

South Africa

American

United States

Asian

European

Switzerland

Oceanian

Fascism and Nazism

General

Other

Opposition

By country

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Asian

East Asian
- China
Indonesia
- Japan
Mongolia
West Asian
- Iran
  - Neo-Nazism
- Israel
  - Kahanism
  - Neo-Nazism
- Lebanon
- Syria
- Turkey
  - Neo-Nazism

European

Oceanian

Identity politics

Political internationals

Age-related rights movements

Animal-related rights movements

Disability-related rights movements

Feminism

قالب:Feminist philosophy sidebar

General

Opposition

Antifeminism

Chronological variants

Ethnic and social variants

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Latin America
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Chile
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Mexico
- Paraguay
- Trinidad and Tobago
North America
- Canada
- United States

Asian

European

Oceanian

LGBT social movements

Men's movement

Regional variants

Self-determination movements

African-American

Indigenous peoples

Latin American

Separatist and supremacist movements

Ethnic

Black

White

Regional variants

African

South Africa

American

Asian

Pakistan

European

Oceania

Australia
- Tasmania

Gender

Religious variants

Fundamentalism

Student movements

قالب:Students' rights sidebar

General

Regional variants

Liberalism

سلسلة الليبرالية
جزء من سلسلة السياسة

تنمية

تاريخ الفكر الليبرالي

الاسهامات للنظرية الليبرالية

المدارس

ليبرالية كلاسيكية

ليبرالية محافظة

ليبرالية ثقافية

الليبرالية الاقتصادية

الأفكار

الحرية السلبية والإيجابية

التنويعات

الليبرالية في الولايات المتحدة

المنظمات

الأحزاب الليبرالية حول العالم

الليبرالية الدولية · Iflry

ELDR/ALDE · Lymec
CALD · ALN · Relial

بوابة السياسة

ع • ن • ت

Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Regional variants

African

American

Asian

European

قالب:Liberalism in the United Kingdom

Oceanian

Libertarianism

Political internationals

Left-libertarianism

Right-libertarianism

Other

Opposition

Anti-libertarianism

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

South Africa
- Anarchism

American

United States

Nationalism

Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Asian

European

Albania
- Kosovo
Armenia
Austria
- German nationalism in Austria
Belarus
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
- Czech Republic
- Slovakia
Estonia
France
- Alsace
- Brittany
- Corsica
- Gaullism
- Occitania
- Souverainism
Georgia
Germany
- Bavaria
- Prussia
- New Nationalism
Golus nationalism
Greece
- Cyprus
Hungary
Ireland
- Irish republicanism
- Ulster unionism
Italy
- Lombardy
- Padania
- Sardinia
- Sicily
- Venetian
Latvia
Lithuania
Low Countries
- Belgium
  - Flanders
  - Orangism
  - Rattachism
  - Wallonia
- Netherlands
  - Frisia
Moldova
Poland
- National Democracy
- Polish Messianism
- Silesia
- Zadrugism
- Szeklerland
Russia
- Eurasianism
  - Duginism
    - Neo-Eurasianism
- Extremist nationalism
  - Black Hundreds
- Nashism
- Bulgarism
- Chechnya
- Circassia
- Karelia
Nordic countries
- Faroe Islands
- Finland
  - Fennoman movement
  - Svecoman movement
- Greenland
- Iceland
- Norway
- Sápmi
Spain
- Basque
- Canary Islands
- Catalonia
- Galicia
- Valencia
  - Blaverism
Ukraine
United Kingdom
- British unionism
- Cornwall
- England
- Northern Ireland
  - Ulster loyalism
  - Ulster nationalism
- Scotland
- Wales
Yugoslavia
- Bosnia
- Croatia
  - Dalmatia
    - Istria
- Serbia
- Macedonia
- Montenegro
- Slovenia

Oceanian

Unification movements

Populism

Political internationals

General

Left-wing populism

Right-wing populism

Other

Regional variants

African

Arab Spring movement

Asian

American

European

Oceanian

Progressivism

Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Anti-progressivism

Religious variants

Islamic progressivism

Regional variants

Religio-political ideologies

Political internationals

General

جزء من سلسلة مقالات فلسفية عن

الإنسانية
(فلسفات إنسانية)

إنسان سعيد

الإنسانيون الدوليون
والاتحاد الأخلاقي (IHEU)
اتحاد الإنسانيين الأمريكان
اتحاد الإنسانيين البريطانيين
الجمعية العلمانية الوطنية

إنسانية علمانية

مجلس الإنسانية العلمانية
الإعلان الإنساني العلماني
إعلان أمستردام

إنسانية دينية

إنسانية مسيحية
إنسانية يهودية
إنسانية بوذية

مقالات متعلقة

ثقافة أخلاقية
إنسانية ماركسية
Deistic humanism
إنسانية كونية
إنسانية وجودية
Integral humanism
Transhumanism
Personism
ما بعد الإنسانية
مناهضة الإنسانية
موضوعات عن الإنسانية
قائمة الإنسانيين

تاريخ الإنسانية

إنسانية النهضة
الإنسانية في ألمانيا
الإنسانية في فرنسا
Humanist Manifesto

بوابة فلسفة ·

Political atheism and agnosticism

Political Baháʼí Faith

New world order (Baháʼí)
- opposition

Political Buddhism

Political Christianity

قالب:Integralism

Political Confucianism

Political Hinduism

Political indigenous religions

Maori environmentalism

Political Islam

Political Judaism

Political Neopaganism

Political Shinto

State Shinto
- Showa Statism

Political Sikhism

Political Taoism

Political Zoroastrianism

Mazdakism

Satirical and anti-politics

General

Other

Populism

Religious variants

Political quietism

Regional variants

Social democracy

Documentation[create]

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Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Regional variants

African

American

Caribbean
Latin America
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Ecuador
- Mexico
- Nicaragua
- Paraguay
- Puerto Rico
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
North America
- Canada
- United States

Asian

European

Oceanian

Socialism

Political internationals

General

Authoritarian

Libertarian

Other

Opposition

Anti-socialism

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Asian

European

Oceanian

Syndicalism

Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Anti-unionism

Regional variants

Transhumanism

Political internationals

Humanity+ (transhumanist politics)

General

Other

Regional variants

United States

عقائد إنتماء عرقي

عقائد القومية

فاشية، فاشية جديدة
- فاشية تحررية
- فاشية كتابية clerical fascism

عقائد الصراع الطبقي

عقائد الفردية

عقائد الروح الجماعية

عقائد التي تُؤكّدُ على الأرض

عقائد مستندة على الدينِ

مسيحية العقائد
عقائد مُستَنَدة على الهندوسية
- قومية هندوسية
عقائد مُستَنَدة على الإسلامية
- إسلامية، أصولية إسلامية
عقائد مُستَنَدة على اليهودية
- صهيونية دينية
حكومة دينية
شيوعانية (جنوب آسيا) communalism
شيوعية دينية
إشتراكية دينية

محافظية

محافظية
- محافظية تحررية
- paleoconservatism
- محافظية جديدة neoconservatism
- محافظية عطوفة
- محافظية إجتماعية

عقائد أخرى

One-issue themes

References

^ Roberts, Andrew (2004). The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology. Cambridge University Press. 63 (2). 349–366.
^ D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.
^ Bouchard, T. J.; McGue, M. (2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". Journal of Neurobiology. 54 (1). 44–45.
^ Eaves, L. J.; Eysenck, H. J. (1974). "Genetics and the development of social attitudes". Nature. 249, 288–289.
^ Hatemi, P. K.; Medland, S. E.; Morley, K. I.; Heath, A. C.; Martin, N. G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics. 37 (3). 435–448.
^ Hatemi, P. K.; Hibbing, J.; Alford, J.; Martin, N.; Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 584–600.
^ Settle, J. E.; Dawes, C. T.; Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 601–613.

External links

Useful Notes on Political Ideologies

[1] Roberts, Andrew (2004). The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology. Cambridge University Press. 63 (2). 349–366.

[2] D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.

[3] Bouchard, T. J.; McGue, M. (2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". Journal of Neurobiology. 54 (1). 44–45.

[4] Eaves, L. J.; Eysenck, H. J. (1974). "Genetics and the development of social attitudes". Nature. 249, 288–289.

[5] Hatemi, P. K.; Medland, S. E.; Morley, K. I.; Heath, A. C.; Martin, N. G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics. 37 (3). 435–448.

[6] Hatemi, P. K.; Hibbing, J.; Alford, J.; Martin, N.; Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 584–600.

[7] Settle, J. E.; Dawes, C. T.; Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 601–613.

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