حزب اليسار (ألمانيا)

اليسار
Die Linke
اليسار; Die Linke
الرئيس	الزعيمان المشاركان: جانين ڤيسلر; سوزانه هنيگ-ڤلسوڤ;
الأمين	يورگ شندلر
نواب رئيس الحزب	علي الديلمي; Ates Gürpinar; توبياس فلوگ; مارتينا رنر; كاتينا شوبرت; Jana Seppelt;
تأسس	16 يونيو 2007; منذ 17 سنة
اندماج	PDS و WASG
المقر الرئيسي	بيت كارل ليبكنشت; Kleine Alexanderstraße 28; D-10178 برلين
الصحيفة	Neues Deutschland
مركز التفكر	مؤسسة روزا لوكسمبورگ
الجناح الطلابي	Die Linke.SDS
الجناح الشبابي	Left Youth Solid
العضوية (Dec 2020)	60,350
الأيديولوجية	Democratic socialism; Left-wing populism; Anti-capitalism; Anti-fascism; Antimilitarism;
الموقف السياسي	Left-wing to ; far-left
الانتماء الاوروپي	حزب اليسار الأوروپي
الجماعة بالپرلمان الاوروپي	The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL
الألوان	أحمر (official); ماجنتا (customary);
Bundestag	39 / 735
Bundesrat	4 / 69
State Parliaments	142 / 1٬889
European Parliament	5 / 96
Ministers-president of states	1 / 16
علم الحزب
الموقع
	www.die-linke.de

اليسار (ألمانية: Die Linke (proper spelling: DIE LINKE^[18]), stylised in its logo as DIE LiNKE.), also commonly referred to as the Left Party (ألمانية: die Linkspartei [diː ˈlɪŋkspaʁˌtaɪ] ( listen)), is a democratic socialist^[2]^[3] political party in Germany. The party was founded in 2007 as the result of the merger of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) and Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative (WASG). Through PDS, the party is the direct descendant of the Marxist-Leninist ruling party of the former East Germany (GDR), the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).^[19]

Since 2021, The Left's co-chairpersons have been Janine Wissler and Susanne Hennig-Wellsow.^[20] The party currently holds 39 seats out of 735 in the Bundestag, the federal legislature of Germany, having won 4.9% of votes cast in the 2021 federal election. Its parliamentary group is the second smallest of seven in the Bundestag, and is headed by parliamentary co-leaders Amira Mohamed Ali and Dietmar Bartsch.

The party is represented in ten of Germany's sixteen state legislatures, including all five of the eastern states. The party currently participates in governments in the states of both Berlin and Bremen, where it is a junior partner in a three-party coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Greens, as well as in Thuringia, where it leads a coalition with the SPD and Greens, headed by Minister-President Bodo Ramelow.

The Left is a founding member of the Party of the European Left, and is the third largest party in the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in the European Parliament. In December 2020, The Left had 60,350 registered members, making it the sixth largest party in Germany by membership.^[1]

The party is the most left-wing party of the six represented in the Bundestag. It is described as far-left by some outlets, and is considered to be left-wing populist^[4] by some researchers, but the German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Verfassungsschutz) does not regard the party as extremist or a threat to democracy.^[21] However, it does monitor some of its internal factions, such as the Communist Platform and Socialist Left, on account of extremist tendencies, as do some states' constitutional authorities.^[22]

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نتائج الانتخابات

البرلمان الاتحادي (بوندستاگ)

الانتخاب	الدائرة		القائمة الحزبية		المقاعد	+/–	الوضع
الانتخاب	الأصوات	%	الأصوات	%	المقاعد	+/–	الوضع
2005^[a]	3,764,168	8.0 (#4)	4,118,194	8.7 (#4)	54 / 614	▲ 52
2009	4,791,124	11.1 (#3)	5,155,933	11.9 (#4)	76 / 622	▲ 22
2013	3,585,178	8.2 (#3)	3,755,699	8.6 (#3)	64 / 631	12
2017	3,966,035	8.6 (#4)	4,296,762	9.2 (#5)	69 / 709	▲ 5
2021	2,306,755	5.0 (#7)	2,269,993	4.9 (#7)	39 / 735	30

^a As WASG and PDS

الپرلمان الأوروپي

الانتخاب	الأصوات	%	المقاعد	+/–
2009	1,968,325	7.5 (#5)	8 / 99	▲ 1
2014	2,167,641	7.4 (#4)	7 / 96	1
2019	2,056,010	5.5 (#5)	5 / 96	2

برلمانات الولايات (Länder)

State parliament	Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Status
Baden-Württemberg	2021	173,295	3.6 (#6)	0 / 154	0	Extra-parliamentary
Bavaria	2018	435,949	3.2 (#7)	0 / 205	0	Extra-parliamentary
Berlin	2021	255,231	14.0 (#4)	26 / 160	1	SPD–Left-Greens
Brandenburg	2019	135,558	10.7 (#5)	10 / 88	7
Bremen	2019	165,752	11.3 (#4)	10 / 84	▲ 2	SPD–Greens–Left
Hamburg	2020	364,102	9.1 (#4)	13 / 123	▲ 2
Hesse	2018	181,332	6.3 (#6)	9 / 137	▲ 3
Lower Saxony	2017	177,118	4.6 (#6)	0 / 137	0	Extra-parliamentary
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	2021	90,865	9.9 (#4)	9 / 79	2
North Rhine-Westphalia	2017	415,936	4.9 (#6)	0 / 199	0	Extra-parliamentary
Rhineland-Palatinate	2021	48,210	2.5 (#7)	0 / 101	0	Extra-parliamentary
Saarland	2017	68,566	12.9 (#3)	7 / 51	2
Saxony	2019	224,354	10.4 (#3)	14 / 119	13
Saxony-Anhalt	2021	116,902	11.0 (#3)	12 / 97	4
Schleswig-Holstein	2017	55,833	3.8 (#6)	0 / 73	0	Extra-parliamentary
Thuringia	2019	343,736	31.0 (#1)	29 / 90	▲ 1	Left–SPD–Greens

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خط زمني لنتائج الولايات

برلمانات الولايات

بادن-ڤورتمبرگ

الانتخاب	الأصوات	%	المقاعد
2011	139,700	2.8	0 / 138
2016	156,211	2.9	0 / 138
2021	173,317	3.6	0 / 138

باڤاريا

الانتخاب	الأصوات	%	المقاعد
2008	461,755	4.4	0 / 187
2013	251,097	2.1	0 / 180
2018	435,949	3.2	0 / 205

برلين

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2006	225,689	16.3	23 / 141	10
2011	170,829	11.6	20 / 152	3
2016	255,740	15.6	27 / 160	▲ 7
2021	255,231	14.0	26 / 160	1

Brandenburg

الانتخاب	الأصوات	%	المقاعد	+/−
2009	377,084	27.2	26 / 88	3
2014	183,172	18.6	17 / 88	9
2019	135,572	10.7	10 / 88	7

بريمن

الانتخاب	الأصوات	%	المقاعد	+/−
2007	23,282	8.4	7 / 83	▲ 7
2011	73,769	5.6	5 / 83	2
2015	115,385	9.5	8 / 83	▲ 3
2019	166,378	11.3	10 / 84	▲ 2

هامبورگ

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2008	50,173	6.4	8 / 121	▲ 8
2011	220,428*	6.4	8 / 121	0
2015	300,567*	8.5	11 / 121	▲ 3
2020	364,102*	9.1	12 / 121	▲ 1
*) five votes per voter

Hesse

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2008	140,769	5.1	6 / 110	▲ 6
2009	139,074	5.4	6 / 118	0
2013	161,488	5.2	6 / 110	0
2018	181,263	6.3	9 / 137	▲ 3

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2006	141,534	17.3	13 / 71	0
2011	125,528	18.4	14 / 71	▲ 1
2016	106,259	13.2	11 / 71	3
2021	90,865	9.9	9 / 79	2

Lower Saxony

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2008	243,361	7.1	11 / 152	▲ 11
2013	110,525	3.1	0 / 137	11
2017	177,118	4.6	0 / 137	0

North Rhine-Westphalia

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2005	254,977	3.1	0 / 187	0
2010	435,627	5.6	11 / 181	▲ 11
2012	194,428	2.5	0 / 237	11
2017	415,936	4.9	0 / 199	0

Rhineland-Palatinate

Election	Votes	%	Seats
2006	44,826	2.6	0 / 101
2011	56,054	3.0	0 / 101
2016	60,074	2.8	0 / 138
2021	48,210	2.5	0 / 138

Saarland

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2009	113,660	21.5 (#3)	11 / 51	▲ 11
2012	77,612	16.1 (#3)	9 / 51	2
2017	68,566	12.9 (#3)	7 / 51	2

Saxony

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2009	370,359	20.6	29 / 132	2
2014	309,568	18.9	27 / 126	2
2019	224,411	10.4	14 / 119	13

Saxony-Anhalt

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2006	217,295	24.1	26 / 97	▲ 1
2011	235,011	23.7	29 / 105	▲ 3
2016	183,296	16.3	16 / 87	13

Schleswig-Holstein

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2009	95,764	6.0	6 / 95	▲ 6
2012	29,900	2.2	0 / 69	6
2017	55,833	3.8	0 / 73	0

Thuringia

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
2009	288,932	27.4	27 / 88	1
2014	265,425	28.2	28 / 91	▲ 1
2019	343,738	31.0	29 / 90	▲ 1

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خط زمني للنتائج

الحزب	السنة	DE	EU	BW	BY	BE	BB	HB	HH	HE	NI	MV	NW	RP	SL	SN	ST	SH	TH
PDS	1990	2.4				9.2	13.4					15.7				10.2	12.0		9.7
	1991
	1992
	1993
	1994	▲ 4.4	4.7				▲ 18.7					▲ 22.7				▲ 16.5	▲ 19.9		▲ 16.6
	1995					▲ 14.6		2.4									^[أ]
	1996
	1997								0.7
	1998	▲ 5.1									0.2	▲ 24.4					19.6
	1999		▲ 5.8			▲ 17.7	▲ 23.3	▲ 2.9							0.8	▲ 22.2	^[ب]		▲ 21.3
	2000					▲ 17.7							1.1					1.4
	2001					▲ 22.6			0.4					0.0
	2002	4.0										16.4					▲ 20.4
	2003							1.7			▲ 0.4
	2004		▲ 6.1				▲ 28.0								▲ 2.3	▲ 23.6			▲ 26.1
The Left.PDS & WASG	2005	▲ 8.7											▲ 3.1					0.5
The Left.PDS & WASG	2006			3.1		13.4						▲ 16.8		▲ 2.7			▲ 24.1
The Left	2007							▲ 8.4
	2008				4.4				6.4	5.1	▲ 7.1
	2009	▲ 11.9	▲ 7.5				27.2			▲ 5.4					▲ 21.3	20.6		▲ 6.0	▲ 27.4
	2010												▲ 5.6
	2011			2.8		11.6		5.6	6.4			▲ 18.4	▲ 5.6	▲ 3.0			23.7
	2012												2.5		16.1			2.3
	2013	8.6			2.1					5.2	3.1
	2014		7.4				18.6									18.9			▲ 28.2
	2015							▲ 9.5	▲ 8.5
	2016			▲ 2.9		▲ 15.6						13.2		2.8			16.3
	2017	▲ 9.2									▲ 4.6		▲ 4.9		12.8			▲ 3.8
	2018				▲ 3.2					▲ 6.3
	2019		5.5				10.7	▲ 11.3								10.4			▲ 31.0
	2020								▲ 9.1
	2021	4.9		▲ 3.6		14.0			▲ 9.1			9.9		2.5			11.0
الحزب	السنة	DE	EU	BW	BY	BE	BB	HB	HH	HE	NI	MV	NW	RP	SL	SN	ST	SH	TH
Bold indicates best result to date. Present in legislature (in opposition) Junior coalition partner Senior coalition partner

ملاحظات

^ Tolerating an SPD–Green minority government.
^ Tolerating an SPD minority government.

الهامش

^ ^أ ^ب "About Us". The Left. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
^ ^أ ^ب Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Germany". Parties and Elections in Europe.
^ ^أ ^ب Michelle Cini; Nieves Perez-Solorzano Borragan, eds. (2013). "Glossary". European Union Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-19-969475-4.
^ ^أ ^ب Michael Keating; David McCrone, eds. (2013). The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe. Edinburgh University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0748665822.
^ Decker, Frank. "Die Programmatik der LINKEN | Parteien in Deutschland | bpb". bpb.de (in German).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "BAG Antifaschismus". Die Linke. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
^ Cockburn, Cynthia (2012). Antimilitarism: Political and Gender Dynamics of Peace Movements. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 130. ISBN 9780230359758. Retrieved 14 February 2017 – via Google Books.
^ van Haute, Emilie; Gauja, Anika, eds. (24 April 2015). Party Members and Activists. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN 9781317524328. Retrieved 22 August 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Stone, Jon (11 July 2018). "Germans want Donald Trump to pull US troops out of Germany, poll finds". The Independent. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
^ "He Does Not Understand What the Role of an Ambassador Should Be". Politico. 25 June 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
^ Sanderson, Sertan (29 May 2016). "New direction for Germany's Left Party following Magdeburg conference". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^ "Die Linke triumph: Mixed reaction as German far-left gains power". BBC News. 5 December 2014.
^ Connolly, Kate (18 September 2009). "Die Linke party wins German votes by standing out from crowd". The Guardian.
^ "Far-left Die Linke take charge of German region". Euronews. 20 November 2014.
^ "German Left Party a Would-Be Kingmaker". Der Spiegel. 19 September 2013.
^ "Ergebnisse - Der Bundeswahlleiter". www.bundeswahlleiter.de.
^ "tagesschau.de". wahl.tagesschau.de.
^ Zum Umgang mit der Marke DIE LINKE. In: die-linke.de, May 22, 2007, accessed on May (PDF).
^ Andranik Tangian (2013). Mathematical Theory of Democracy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 321. ISBN 978-3-642-38724-1.
^ "Janine Wissler and Susanne Hennig-Wellsow are the new chairwomen of the Left". Der Spiegel. 27 February 2021.
^ "Offen extremistische Zusammenschlüsse in der Partei DIE LINKE. | Verfassungsschutz Niedersachsen". www.verfassungsschutz.niedersachsen.de.
^ Verfassungsschutzbericht reports, 2007–2015, Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz

أدبيات

Dominic Heilig, Mapping the European Left: Socialist Parties in the EU, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, April 2016
David F. Patton. Out of the East: From PDS to Left Party in Unified Germany (State University of New York Press; 2011)
Hubertus Knabe, Honeckers Erben. Die Wahrheit über Die Linke. Propyläen, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-549-07329-2
Elo, Kimmo (2008). "The Left Party and the Long-Term Developments of the German Party System". German Politics and Society. 26 (88): 50–68. doi:10.3167/gps.2008.260303.
Hough, Dan; Koß, Michael (2009). "Populism Personified or Reinvigorated Reformers? The German Left Party in 2009 and Beyond". German Politics and Society. 27 (91): 76–91. doi:10.3167/gps.2009.270206.

وصلات خارجية

Official website (in ألمانية)
Programmatic Points
Ingar Solty, The New German Left Party, Rosa Luxemburg Foundation
Dan Hough, Michael Koss and Jonathan Olsen: The Left Party in Contemporary German Politics. London: Palgrave, 2007
Ingar Solty: Transformation of the German Political System and European Historical Responsibility of the German Left Party, Das Argument 271, 3/2007, pp. 329-47 (in ألمانية)
Victor Grossman: A Huge Step Towards Left Unity in Germany, Monthly Review Zine
Ingo Schmidt: The Left Opposition in Germany. Why is the Left So Weak When So Many Look For Political Alternatives?, in Monthly Review, May 2007
A New European Socialist Movement? The Rise of the Left Party in Germany by Ingar Solty and Frank Deppe, in Toronto, Canada, 18 March 2008
Was the German Election a Turning Point?, Toronto, Canada, 13 November 2009

قالب:The Left (Germany)

[23] Tolerating an SPD–Green minority government.

[24] Tolerating an SPD minority government.

[membership-1] أ ^ب "About Us". The Left. Retrieved 15 April 2021.

[Nordsieck-2] أ ^ب Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Germany". Parties and Elections in Europe.

[CiniBorragan2013-3] أ ^ب Michelle Cini; Nieves Perez-Solorzano Borragan, eds. (2013). "Glossary". European Union Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-19-969475-4.

[keating-4] أ ^ب Michael Keating; David McCrone, eds. (2013). The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe. Edinburgh University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0748665822.

[bpb.de-5] Decker, Frank. "Die Programmatik der LINKEN | Parteien in Deutschland | bpb". bpb.de (in German).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[6] "BAG Antifaschismus". Die Linke. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[7] Cockburn, Cynthia (2012). Antimilitarism: Political and Gender Dynamics of Peace Movements. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 130. ISBN 9780230359758. Retrieved 14 February 2017 – via Google Books.

[8] van Haute, Emilie; Gauja, Anika, eds. (24 April 2015). Party Members and Activists. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN 9781317524328. Retrieved 22 August 2017 – via Google Books.

[9] Stone, Jon (11 July 2018). "Germans want Donald Trump to pull US troops out of Germany, poll finds". The Independent. Retrieved 12 July 2018.

[10] "He Does Not Understand What the Role of an Ambassador Should Be". Politico. 25 June 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.

[11] Sanderson, Sertan (29 May 2016). "New direction for Germany's Left Party following Magdeburg conference". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 22 August 2017.

[BBC-5-11-14-12] "Die Linke triumph: Mixed reaction as German far-left gains power". BBC News. 5 December 2014.

[Guardian-18-09-09-13] Connolly, Kate (18 September 2009). "Die Linke party wins German votes by standing out from crowd". The Guardian.

[Euronews-20-11-14-14] "Far-left Die Linke take charge of German region". Euronews. 20 November 2014.

[Spiegel-19-09-13-15] "German Left Party a Would-Be Kingmaker". Der Spiegel. 19 September 2013.

[16] "Ergebnisse - Der Bundeswahlleiter". www.bundeswahlleiter.de.

[17] "tagesschau.de". wahl.tagesschau.de.

[18] Zum Umgang mit der Marke DIE LINKE. In: die-linke.de, May 22, 2007, accessed on May (PDF).

[Tangian2013-19] Andranik Tangian (2013). Mathematical Theory of Democracy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 321. ISBN 978-3-642-38724-1.

[WisHen-20] "Janine Wissler and Susanne Hennig-Wellsow are the new chairwomen of the Left". Der Spiegel. 27 February 2021.

[21] "Offen extremistische Zusammenschlüsse in der Partei DIE LINKE. | Verfassungsschutz Niedersachsen". www.verfassungsschutz.niedersachsen.de.

[22] Verfassungsschutzbericht reports, 2007–2015, Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz

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