تشارلز كرتس

تشارلز كرتس
Charles Curtis
تشارلز كرتس ; Charles Curtis
	كرتس في 1931
نائب رئيس الولايات المتحدة رقم 31
	في المنصب; 4 مارس 1929 – 4 مارس 1933
الرئيس	هربرت هوڤر
سبقه	Charles G. Dawes
خلـَفه	جون نانس گارنر
Senate Majority Leader
	في المنصب; 28 نوفمبر 1924 – 3 مارس 1929
سبقه	هنري كابوت لودج
خلـَفه	James Eli Watson
Leader of the Senate Republican Conference
	في المنصب; 28 نوفمبر 1924 – 3 مارس 1929
سبقه	Office established
خلـَفه	James Eli Watson
Senate Majority Whip
	في المنصب; 4 مارس 1919 – 28 نوفمبر 1924
الزعيم	هنري كابوت لودج
سبقه	J. Hamilton Lewis
خلـَفه	Wesley Livsey Jones
Senate Minority Whip
	في المنصب; 13 ديسمبر 1915 – 3 مارس 1919
الزعيم	Jacob Harold Gallinger (1915–1918); هنري كابوت لودج (1918–1919);
سبقه	James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.
خلـَفه	Peter G. Gerry
الرئيس المؤقت لمجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي
	في المنصب; 4 ديسمبر 1911 – 12 ديسمبر 1911
سبقه	Augustus Octavius Bacon
خلـَفه	Augustus Octavius Bacon
سناتور الولايات المتحدة; عن Kansas
	في المنصب; 4 مارس 1915 – 3 مارس 1929
سبقه	Joseph L. Bristow
خلـَفه	Henry Justin Allen
	في المنصب; 29 يناير 1907 – 3 مارس 1913
سبقه	Alfred W. Benson
خلـَفه	William Howard Thompson
Member of the; U.S. House of Representatives; from Kansas
	في المنصب; 4 مارس 1893 – 28 يناير 1907
سبقه	Case Broderick (1st district); John G. Otis (4th district)
خلـَفه	Daniel Read Anthony Jr. (1st district); James Monroe Miller (4th district)
الدائرة الانتخابية	4th district (1893–1899); 1st district (1899–1907)
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد	يناير 25, 1860; North Topeka, Kansas Territory, U.S.
توفي	فبراير 8, 1936 (aged 76); واشنطن، دي سي، الولايات المتحدة.
المثوى	Topeka Cemetery
القومية	American; Kaw Nation
الحزب	الجمهوري
الزوج	Annie Baird (m. 1886; "her death" is deprecated; use "died" instead. 1924)
الأنجال	3
التوقيع

Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was an American attorney and Republican politician from Kansas who served as the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 under هربرت هوڤر. He had served as the Senate Majority Leader from 1924 to 1929. A member of the Kaw Nation born in the Kansas Territory, Curtis was the first Native American and first person with acknowledged non-European ancestry to reach either of the highest offices in the federal executive branch.

Based on his personal experience, Curtis believed that Indians could benefit from mainstream education and assimilation. He entered political life when he was 32 years old and won several terms from his district in Topeka, Kansas, beginning in 1892 as a Republican to the US House of Representatives. There, he sponsored and helped pass the Curtis Act of 1898, which extended the Dawes Act to the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory. Implementation of the Act completed the ending of tribal land titles in Indian Territory and prepared the larger territory to be admitted as the State of Oklahoma, which occurred in 1907. The government tried to encourage Indians to accept individual citizenship and lands and to take up European-American culture.

Curtis was elected to the US Senate first by the Kansas Legislature in 1906 and then by popular vote in 1914, 1920, and 1926. Curtis served one six-year term from 1907 to 1913 and then most of three terms from 1915 to 1929, when he was elected as vice-president. His long popularity and connections in Kansas and federal politics helped make Curtis a strong leader in the Senate. He marshaled support to be elected as Republican Whip from 1915 to 1924 and then as Senate Majority Leader from 1924 to 1929. In those positions, he was instrumental in managing legislation and in accomplishing Republican national goals.

Curtis ran for vice president alongside هربرت هوڤر for president in 1928—winning a landslide victory. In 1932, he became the first United States vice president to have ever opened the Olympic Games. However, when Curtis and Hoover ran together again in 1932 during the Great Depression, they lost as the public gave the Democrats Franklin D. Roosevelt and جون نانس گارنر a landslide victory that year. Curtis remains the highest-ranking enrolled Native American who ever served in the federal government. He is also the most recent officer of the executive branch to have been born in a territory, rather than a state or federal district. He remained the only mixed race vice president in American history until the election of Kamala Harris in 2020.

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الحياة المبكرة والتعليم

الزواج والعائلة

مجلس النواب (1893–1907)

مجلس الشيوخ (1907-1913 ، 1915-1929)

Senator Charles Curtis (R-Kansas), member of the Kaw Nation

Senator Curtis (right) with President Coolidge and Grace Coolidge on their way to the Capitol building on Inauguration Day, March 4, 1925

نائب الرئيس (1929-1933)

نائب الرئيس كرتس في صيف عام 1929
نائب الرئيس كورتيس ، يقف في مجلس الشيوخ ، 1929
Vice President Curtis receives a peace pipe from Red Tomahawk, slayer of Sitting Bull
Vice President Curtis (standing) presiding over the count of the Electoral College votes of the 1932 election

نائب الرئيس (1933-1936)

تمثال نصفي لنائب الرئيس تشارلز كرتس

الإرث والتكريم

انظر أيضا

Curtis Act of 1898
List of Chairpersons of the College Republicans
List of people on the cover of Time Magazine: 1920s – December 20, 1926, and June 18, 1928
List of people on the cover of Time Magazine: 1930s – December 5, 1932
List of Native Americans in the United States Congress

المصادر

قراءات إضافية

Ewy, Marvin. "Charles Curtis of Kansas: Vice President of the United States, 1929-1933." Emporia State Research Studies 10#2 (1961) online.
Seitz, Don Carlos (1928). From Kaw Teepee to Capitol: The Life Story of Charles Curtis, Indian, who Has Risen to High Estate. Frederick A. Stokes Company.
Unrau, William E. (1989). Mixed-Bloods and Tribal Dissolution: Charles Curtis and the Quest for Indian Identity. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700603954.

روابط خارجية

تشارلز كرتس at the دليل سـِيَر الكونگرس الأمريكي
"Charles Curtis; Native-American Indian Vice-President; a biography" Archived أغسطس 13, 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Vice President Charles Curtis Website
Whispers Like Thunder, Moro Films official movie web site
Don C. Seitz, From Kaw Teepee to Capitol; The Life Story of Charles Curtis, Indian, Who Has Risen to High Estate, full text, Hathi Trust Digital Library
Charles Curtis House Museum Archived فبراير 2, 2011 at the Wayback Machine, official website
تشارلز كرتس at Find a Grave
Newspaper clippings about تشارلز كرتس in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
"Charley Curtis: From Teepee to Capitol Dome" by Deb Goodrich
"Before Harris, This Vice President Broke a Racial Barrier" in The New York Times, November 10, 2020
Image of Vice-President Charles Curtis at a banquet on-board a military ship, Los Angeles (?), 1932. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.