الاعتراف الدولي بإسرائيل

(تم التحويل من International recognition of Israel)
انظر أيضاً: Foreign relations of Israel

خطأ لوا في وحدة:Effective_protection_level على السطر 63: attempt to index field 'TitleBlacklist' (a nil value).

  State of Israel
  Countries that recognize Israel
  Countries that have withdrawn their recognition of Israel
  Countries that have suspended/cut bilateral ties with Israel
  Countries that have never recognized Israel

The State of Israel was formally established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948, and was admitted to the United Nations (UN) as a full member state on 11 May 1949.[1][2] اعتبارا من ديسمبر 2020, it has received diplomatic recognition from 165 (or 85%) of the 193 total UN member states, and also maintains bilateral ties with all of the Permanent Five. 28[أ] member states have either never recognized Israel or have withdrawn their recognition; others have severed diplomatic relations without explicitly withdrawing their recognition. Additionally, many non-recognizing countries have challenged Israel's existence—predominantly those in the Muslim world—due to significant animosity stemming from the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Arab–Israeli conflict.[3]

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History

On 14 May 1948, the Israeli Declaration of Independence[4] formally established a Jewish state in part of the former British Mandate of Palestine, in accordance with the United Nations Partition Plan. The Arab League was opposed to any partition and to the establishment of Israel, and an Arab coalition jointly invaded the territory of the newly formed country one day after its independence, sparking the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Following Israel's establishment, the Israeli provisional government was established to govern the Yishuv; and while military operations were still in progress, it was promptly granted de facto recognition by the United States,[5][6] followed by Iran (which had voted against the Partition Plan), Guatemala, Iceland, Nicaragua, Romania, and Uruguay. The Soviet Union was the first country to grant de jure recognition to Israel on 17 May 1948,[7] followed by Nicaragua, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland.[8] The United States extended de jure recognition after the first Israeli election,[9] on 31 January 1949.[10]

By the late 1960s, Israel had established diplomatic relations with almost all of the countries of Western Europe, North America, South America, and Sub-Saharan Africa combined.

To put additional diplomatic, economic, and military pressure on Israel in the wake of the 1967 Arab–Israeli War, oil-producing Arab countries imposed an oil embargo on countries that had bilateral relations with Israel. As a result, many African and Asian countries broke off their ties with Israel. The Soviet Union also shifted its support in favour of the Arab cause against Israel during this time, leading most countries of the Eastern Bloc to sever diplomatic ties in 1967; these included the Soviet Union itself, as well as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Bulgaria. Other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence, such as the People's Republic of China and Mongolia, also did not establish relations with Israel. Diplomatic relations with these countries were restored or established following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and new countries that had gained independence after the Soviet Union's dissolution also recognised Israel in their own right.

On 1 September 1967, the then-eight members of the Arab League issued the Khartoum Resolution, which included three pledges that forbade recognition, peace, and negotiations with Israel. However, Egypt, Jordan, and Mauritania gradually recognized Israel, though Mauritania broke off ties and withdrew recognition in 2010. As part of the 2020 Abraham Accords, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco all established normalized bilateral ties with Israel.[11][12] Pressure was again exerted by the Arab League after the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, which led Cuba, Mali, and the Maldives to break off ties with Israel. Niger severed bilateral ties with Israel during the Second Intifada, and Venezuela broke off ties after the 2008–2009 Gaza War.

Following Israel's recognition of and entering into negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), many African, Asian, and Arab countries either restored or established diplomatic relations with Israel. The Vatican began a bilateral relationship with Israel in 1994. Some[which?] countries broke or suspended relations during the 2006 Lebanon War and after the blockade of the Gaza Strip.[بحاجة لمصدر] Although Guinea broke diplomatic ties with Israel in 1967, Israel's extensive support for Guinea during its fight against an Ebola virus epidemic led to the re-establishment of bilateral relations in 2016.[13] Nicaragua restored relations in March 2017; Chad did likewise in January 2019.[14] The most recent country to establish diplomatic relations with Israel was Bhutan, on 12 December 2020.[15]


United Nations membership

On 15 May 1948, one day after its independence, Israel applied for membership with the United Nations (UN), but the application was not acted on by the Security Council. Israel's second application was rejected by the Security Council on 17 December 1948 by a 5-to-1 vote, with 5 abstentions. Syria was the sole negative vote; the United States, Argentina, Colombia, the Soviet Union, and the Ukrainian SSR voted in favour; and Belgium, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, and France abstained.

Israel's application was renewed in 1949 after the first Israeli election. By Security Council Resolution 69 on 4 March 1949, the UN Security Council voted 9-to-1 in favour of Israeli membership, with Egypt voting against and the United Kingdom abstaining.[16] Those voting in favour were China, France, the United States, the Soviet Union, Argentina, Canada, Cuba, Norway, and the Ukrainian SSR.

On 11 May 1949, the UN General Assembly, by the requisite two-thirds majority of its then-58 members, approved the application to admit Israel to the UN by General Assembly Resolution 273.[17][18] The vote in the General Assembly was 37 to 12, with 9 abstentions. Those that voted in favour of Israel were: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, the Byelorussian SSR, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, the Ukrainian SSR, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia. Those that voted against were six of the then-seven members of the Arab League (Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen) as well as Afghanistan, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Iran, and Pakistan. Those abstaining were: Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, El Salvador, Greece, Siam, Sweden, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.[19] Many of the countries that voted in favour or had abstained had already recognized Israel before the UN vote, at least on a de facto basis. Of these countries, Cuba and Venezuela have since withdrawn recognition.

Present situation

Legend:
  Israel
  Countries that reject passports from Israel
  Countries that reject passports from Israel and any other passport that contains Israeli stamps or visas

قالب:Undue weight section

اعتبارا من ديسمبر 2020, 165 of the 193 total member states of the United Nations (UN) recognize Israel. 28 UN member states do not recognize Israel: 15 members of the Arab League (Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen); ten non-Arab members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Niger, and Pakistan); and Cuba, North Korea, and Venezuela.[20] In 2002, the Arab League proposed the recognition of Israel by Arab countries as a pathway towards a resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict under the Arab Peace Initiative. Following the Abraham Accords, which were signed in September 2020 between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, the Palestinian National Authority condemned any Arab agreement with Israel as dishonourable, describing them as a betrayal to the Palestinian cause and a blow to their quest for an independent Palestinian state.[21]

The passports of some countries are not valid for travel to Israel, including Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan. Thirteen countries do not accept Israeli passports: Algeria, Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen.[22] Some of these countries also do not accept passports of other countries whose holder has an Israeli visa or stamp on it. The stamp may be a visa stamp, or a stamp on entry or departure. Because of these issues, Israeli immigration controls do not stamp passports with an entry visa, instead stamping on a separate insert which is discarded on departure. However, a stamp of another country which indicates that the person has entered Israel may frustrate that effort. For example, if an Egyptian departure stamp is used in any passport at the Taba Border Crossing, that is an indication that the person entered Israel, and a similar situation arises for land crossings into Jordan. Some countries also ban direct flights and overflights to and from Israel.[23] In August 2020, the United Arab Emirates permitted direct flights from Israel, and Saudi Arabia and Bahrain authorized overflights for such flights.[24] On 8 October 2020, Israel and Jordan reached an agreement to allow flights to cross over both countries' airspace.[25]

The Israeli flag and national anthem were banned from the 2017 International Judo Federation (IJF) at Abu Dhabi, with Israeli contestants having to display the IJF's flag and anthem instead.[26] The ban on Israeli symbols was lifted in 2018 and the Israeli flag and national anthem were allowed to be displayed.[27] Miri Regev, the Israeli Minister of Culture and Sports, was also allowed to attend the October 2018 event in Abu Dhabi.[27] In December 2017, seven Israelis were denied visas by Saudi Arabia to compete in the World Rapid Chess Championship and the World Blitz Chess Championship.[28]

List by country

Legend:[متضارب][محل شك]

States that that have never formally recognized Israel and are in a state of war with Israel
States that have never formally recognized Israel
States that have withdrawn recognition from, cut, or suspended relations with Israel and are in a state of war with Israel
States that have withdrawn recognition from, cut, or suspended relations with Israel
States that recognize Israel

UN member states

State Date of de facto recognition Date of de jure recognition Notes
— Flag of Afghanistan.svg أفغانستان[29] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 ألبانيا ألبانيا — 16 April 1949[30] Diplomatic relations established on 20 August 1991.[31]
— Flag of Algeria.svg الجزائر[32][33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 Flag of Andorra.svg أندورا — 13 April 1994[34]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03 Flag of Angola.svg أنگولا — 16 April 1992[35] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg أنتيگا وبربودا — 22 June 1983[36] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05 Flag of Argentina.svg الأرجنتين — 14 February 1949[37]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06  أرمنيا — 4 April 1992[38] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07 Flag of Australia.svg أستراليا — 29 January 1949[39]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08 Flag of Austria.svg نمسا 15 March 1949[40] 8 May 1956 Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to that, the two countries had maintained consular relations since 1950. Delegations were upgraded to embassy status in 1959.[41]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.&&&&&09 أذربيجان أذربيجان — 7 April 1992[42] Date diplomatic relations established.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&010.&&&&&010 Flag of the Bahamas.svg البهاما [when?] [when?]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&011.&&&&&011 البحرين البحرين 11 September 2020[43] 15 September 2020[44] On 15 September 2020, an agreement was signed to normalize relations.[43]
— بنگلادش بنگلادش[45][46] — — Does not accept Israeli passports, and Bangladeshi passports are not valid for travel to Israel.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&012.&&&&&012 Flag of Barbados.svg بربادوس — 29 August 1967[47] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013 Flag of Belarus.svg بلاروس 11 May 1949[48] 26 May 1992[49] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&014.&&&&&014 Flag of Belgium.svg بلجيكا — 15 January 1950[50]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&015.&&&&&015 Flag of Belize.svg بليز — 6 September 1984[51] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed during the 2023 Israel–Hamas War.[52]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&016.&&&&&016 بنين بنين — 5 December 1961[53] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973, and resumed in July 1992.[54][55]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&017.&&&&&017 Flag of Bhutan.svg بوتان[20] — 12 December 2020[56] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&018.&&&&&018 Flag of Bolivia (state).svg بوليفيا 22 February 1949[57] 24 February 1949[58] Relations severed in January 2009,[59] and restored in November 2019.[60] Relations severed during the 2023 Israel–Hamas War.[61]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&019.&&&&&019 Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg البوسنة والهرسك — 26 September 1997[62] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&020.&&&&&020 Flag of Botswana.svg بوتسوانا [when?] [when?] Broke off relations in November 1973, restored in December 1993.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&021.&&&&&021 Flag of Brazil.svg البرازيل — 7 February 1949[63]
— بروناي بروناي[20] — — Does not accept Israeli passports, and Brunei passports are not valid for travel to Israel[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&022.&&&&&022  بلغاريا — 4 December 1948 Relations severed on 10 June 1967, and restored on 3 May 1990.[64]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&023.&&&&&023  بوركينا فاسو — 5 July 1961[53] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973, and re-established in October 1993.[54][55][65]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&024.&&&&&024 Flag of Burundi.svg بوروندي [when?] [when?] Relations severed in May 1973,[55] and restored in March 1995.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&025.&&&&&025 Flag of Cambodia.svg كمبوديا — 30 August 1960 Date diplomatic relations established. Cambodia broke off relations in 1975; they were restored on 5 October 1993.[66][67]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&026.&&&&&026 Flag of Cameroon.svg كاميرون — 15 September 1960[68] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973 and restored in August 1986.[55][69]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&027.&&&&&027 Flag of Canada.svg كندا — 11 May 1949[48][70]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&028.&&&&&028 Flag of Cape Verde.svg الرأس الأخضر — 17 July 1994[71] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&029.&&&&&029 Flag of the Central African Republic.svg أفريقيا الوسطى [when?] [when?] Relations were broken in October 1973,[55] were resumed in January 1991.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&030.&&&&&030 Flag of Chad.svg تشاد — 10 January 1961 Relations were established in 1961, but severed on 28 November 1972.[55][72] In 2005, reports emerged of a mutual intention to renew diplomatic relations.[73] Relations restored on 20 January 2019.[14]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&031.&&&&&031 Flag of Chile.svg تشيلي — 11 May 1949[74]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&032.&&&&&032 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين — 24 January 1992 The Republic of China granted de jure recognition to Israel on 1 March 1949.[57] The two states maintained diplomatic relations until Israel's recognition of the People's Republic of China on 8 January 1950. The PRC, however, did not formally reciprocate until the eventual establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992.[75]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&033.&&&&&033 كولومبيا كولومبيا — 1 February 1949[57]
— جزر القمر جزر القمر[20] — —
&&&&&&&&&&&&&034.&&&&&034 Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg كوستاريكا — 19 June 1948[76]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&035.&&&&&035  كرواتيا — 4 September 1997[77] Date diplomatic relations established
—  كوبا 14 January 1949 18 April 1949[78] Cuba severed relations in September 1973,[79] and the most recent government does not recognize it.[80]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&036.&&&&&036 Flag of Cyprus.svg قبرص — 21 January 1961 Date diplomatic relations established. They had been agreed to on 17 August 1960, but final establishment was postponed due to pressure from Arab nations.[81]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&037.&&&&&037 Flag of the Czech Republic.svg التشيك — 18 May 1948[82] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic were established 1 January 1993.[83]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&038.&&&&&038  الكونغو الديمقراطية — 26 June 1960 Date diplomatic relations established. Ties severed on 4 October 1973, and restored on 13 May 1982.[55][84]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&039.&&&&&039 Flag of Denmark.svg دانمارك 2 February 1949[57] 12 July 1950[85]
— جيبوتي جيبوتي[20] — —
&&&&&&&&&&&&&040.&&&&&040 Flag of Dominica.svg دومينيكا — January 1978[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&041.&&&&&041  جمهورية الدومنيكان — 29 December 1948[86]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&042.&&&&&042 قالب:ETM[87] — 29 August 2002
&&&&&&&&&&&&&043.&&&&&043 Flag of Ecuador.svg إكوادور — 2 February 1949[57]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&044.&&&&&044 Flag of Egypt.svg مصر 19 November 1977[88] 26 March 1979[89] Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution.[33] Later became the first Arab state to recognize Israel, with the Egypt–Israel peace treaty.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&045.&&&&&045  السلڤادور — 11 September 1948[90]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&046.&&&&&046  غينيا الإستوائية [when?] [when?] Relations severed in October 1973,[55] and resumed in January 1994.[91]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&047.&&&&&047 Flag of Eritrea.svg إرتريا — 6 May 1993[67][92] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&048.&&&&&048 Flag of Estonia.svg إستونيا — 9 January 1992[93] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&049.&&&&&049  إسواتيني — September 1968[83]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&050.&&&&&050  إثيوپيا — 24 October 1961[94] Prior to de jure recognition, Ethiopia maintained consular relations with Israel since 1956. Relations were broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in November 1989.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&051.&&&&&051  ميكرونزيا[95] — 23 November 1988 Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&052.&&&&&052  فيجي — August 1970[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&053.&&&&&053 Flag of Finland.svg فنلندا[96] 11 June 1948[97] 18 March 1949
&&&&&&&&&&&&&054.&&&&&054 Flag of France.svg فرنسا — 24 January 1949[98]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&055.&&&&&055 الگابون الگابون[66] — 29 September 1993[99] Relations severed in October 1973,[55] and resumed in September 1993.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&056.&&&&&056 غامبيا غامبيا — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in September 1992
&&&&&&&&&&&&&057.&&&&&057  جورجيا — 1 June 1992[100] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&058.&&&&&058 Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا 10 September 1952 (West Germany before 3 October 1990)[101] 12 May 1965[102] Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to this, Germany signed the Reparations agreement with Israel. East Germany never had diplomatic relations with Israel during its existence.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&059.&&&&&059 Flag of Ghana.svg غانا — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in August 1994
&&&&&&&&&&&&&060.&&&&&060 Flag of Greece.svg اليونان[94] 15 March 1949 21 May 1990[103] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&061.&&&&&061 Flag of Grenada.svg گرينادا — January 1975[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&062.&&&&&062 Flag of Guatemala.svg گواتيمالا — 19 May 1948[82]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&063.&&&&&063 غينيا غينيا — [when?] Broke diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967,[55] and restored relations on July 20, 2016.[13]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&064.&&&&&064 غينيا بيساو غينيا بيساو — March 1994[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&065.&&&&&065 گويانا گويانا — [when?] Broke off relations in March 1974, restored in March 1992.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&066.&&&&&066 Flag of Haiti.svg هايتى 26 February 1949[57] January 1950[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&067.&&&&&067 Flag of Honduras.svg هندوراس[86][104] 11 September 1948 8 November 1948[99]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&068.&&&&&068 Flag of Hungary.svg المجر[105] 24 May 1948 1 June 1948[97] Relations broken in 1967, and restored on 19 September 1989.[106]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&069.&&&&&069 Flag of Iceland.svg آيسلندا 11 February 1949[57] [when?]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&070.&&&&&070 Flag of India.png الهند — 17 September 1950[107]
— Flag of Indonesia.svg اندونيسيا[46] — — Can[من؟] only travel to Indonesia with an invitation from the Department of Immigration of Indonesia. Can only enter Indonesia through airports in Denpasar, Jakarta and Surabaya.[22]
— إيران إيران[108] 6 March 1950[108] —[108] Voted against UN Partition Plan and voted against admission of Israel to membership of UN. Iranian government refrained from recognizing Israel de jure despite de facto recognition.[108] Relations severed on 18 February 1979.[109] Does not accept Israeli passports,[22] and the holders of Iranian passports are "not entitled to travel to the occupied Palestine"[110]
— Flag of Iraq.svg العراق[111] — — Does not accept Israeli passports, except for Iraqi Kurdistan where visa is required for passengers without a signed and stamped letter issued by the Ministry of Interior of the Kurdistan Regional Government if arriving at Erbil (EBL) and Sulaymaniyah (ISU).[22] Iraqi passports are not valid for travel to Israel.[112]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&071.&&&&&071 Flag of Ireland.svg أيرلندا[113] 12 February 1949 May 1963[113]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&072.&&&&&072 Flag of Italy.svg إيطاليا[57] 8 February 1949 19 January 1950
&&&&&&&&&&&&&073.&&&&&073 Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg ساحل العاج 15 February 1961 24 May 1961[53] Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to this date, it had maintained trade relations since 15 February 1961. Relations severed in November 1973, and resumed in February 1986.[54][55]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&074.&&&&&074 Flag of Jamaica.svg جامايكا[99] January 1962 —
&&&&&&&&&&&&&075.&&&&&075 Flag of Japan.svg اليابان — 15 May 1952[114]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&076.&&&&&076 الأردن الأردن — 26 October 1994[115] Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution.[33] Recognized Israel in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&077.&&&&&077 كازاخستان كازاخستان — 10 April 1992[116] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&078.&&&&&078 Flag of Kenya.svg كينيا — December 1963[99][117] Severed relation in November 1973,[55] resumed in December 1988.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&079.&&&&&079 Flag of Kiribati.svg كيريباس — 21 May 1984[118] Date diplomatic relations established
— الكويت الكويت[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&080.&&&&&080 قرغيزستان قرغيزستان — March 1992[99]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&081.&&&&&081 Flag of Laos.svg لاوس — February 1957 Date diplomatic relations established. Laos broke off relations in 1973, and restored them on 6 December 1993.[119]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&082.&&&&&082  لاتڤيا — 6 January 1992[120] Date diplomatic relations established
— لبنان لبنان[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports. Holders of passports containing any Israeli visa or stamp will be refused entry.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&083.&&&&&083 Flag of Lesotho.svg ليسوتو — [when?]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&084.&&&&&084 Flag of Liberia.svg ليبيريا 11 February 1949[105] [when?] Relations severed in November 1973, and resumed in August 1983.[54][55]
— Flag of Libya.svg ليبيا[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&085.&&&&&085  ليختنشتاين — January 1992[99]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&086.&&&&&086 Flag of Lithuania.svg لتوانيا — 8 January 1992[121] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&087.&&&&&087 Flag of Luxembourg.svg لوكسمبورگ 11 May 1949[48] 16 January 1950[122]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&088.&&&&&088 Flag of Madagascar.svg مدغشقر — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in January 1994.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&089.&&&&&089 Flag of Malawi.svg ملاوي — July 1964[83] Date diplomatic relations established
— ماليزيا ماليزيا[46] — — Does not admit Israeli passport holders without written permission from the government. Malaysian passports not valid for travel to Israel without permission from the government.[123]
— ملديڤ ملديڤ — 29 October 1965[124] Diplomatic relations suspended in 1974.[125] Cooperation agreements in 2009 did not develop into full diplomatic relations[126][127][128] and were terminated in 2014.[129]
— Flag of Mali.svg مالي[20] — [when?] Diplomatic relations severed 5 January 1973.[55]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&090.&&&&&090 Flag of Malta.svg مالطا January 1965[99] December 1965[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&&091.&&&&&091  جزر مارشال — 16 September 1987[130]
— موريتانيا موريتانيا — 28 October 1999[131] Diplomatic relations suspended 6 March 2009,[132] severed 21 March 2010[133]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&092.&&&&&092  موريشيوس[66] — [when?] Diplomatic relations severed July 1976, restored September 1993.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&093.&&&&&093 Flag of Mexico.svg المكسيك 11 May 1949[48] 4 April 1952[134]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&094.&&&&&094 قالب:MLD[135] — 22 June 1992
&&&&&&&&&&&&&095.&&&&&095 Flag of Monaco.png موناكو — January 1964[83]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&096.&&&&&096  منغوليا[136] — 2 October 1991
&&&&&&&&&&&&&097.&&&&&097  الجبل الأسود[137] — 12 July 2006
&&&&&&&&&&&&&098.&&&&&098 المملكة المغربية المملكة المغربية[20][33] 1 September 1994[138] 10 December 2020 Closed Israeli office and suspended relations in October 2000.[139] On 10 December 2020, an agreement was announced to normalize relations.[140]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&099.&&&&&099 موزمبيق موزمبيق[66][67] — 23 July 1993
&&&&&&&&&&&&0100.&&&&&0100 ميانمار ميانمار[141] — 13 July 1953 Date full diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0101.&&&&&0101 Flag of Namibia.svg ناميبيا[67][142] — 11 February 1994
&&&&&&&&&&&&0102.&&&&&0102 Flag of Nauru.svg ناورو[83] — December 1994
&&&&&&&&&&&&0103.&&&&&0103 Flag of Nepal.svg نيبال[143] — 1 June 1960 Date diplomatic relations established. First South Asian nation to establish diplomatic ties with Israel.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0104.&&&&&0104 Flag of the Netherlands.svg هولندا 11 May 1949[48] 16 January 1950[122]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0105.&&&&&0105 Flag of New Zealand.svg نيوزيلندا 29 January 1949[57] 28 July 1950[144]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0106.&&&&&0106 Flag of Nicaragua.svg نيكاراگوا — 18 May 1948[86] Diplomatic relations suspended June 2010 and restored in March 2017.[145]
— نيجر نيجر[20] — — Relations severed on 4 January 1973.[53][55]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0107.&&&&&0107 Flag of Nigeria.svg نيجيريا[146] 1960 [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] were resumed in May 1992.
— Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية[147] — — North Korea and Israel held talks in 1993, but the talks were halted under pressure from the United States.[148] See Israel–North Korea relations for more details.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0108.&&&&&0108  شمال مقدونيا — 7 December 1995[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0109.&&&&&0109 Flag of Norway.svg نرويج [when?] 4 February 1949 Date Norway recognized Israel
— Flag of Oman.svg عُمان January 1996[139] — A degree of relations established in January 1996. Closed Israeli office and suspended relations in October 2000.[139] Accepts Israeli passports for transit only, does not accept for admission.[22]
— Flag of Pakistan.svg پاكستان[149] — — Does not accept Israeli passports, and Pakistani passports are not valid for travel to Israel.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0110.&&&&&0110 Flag of Palau.svg پالاو[66][67] — 2 October 1994
&&&&&&&&&&&&0111.&&&&&0111  پنما — 19 June 1948[76]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0112.&&&&&0112 Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg پاپوا غينيا ج. — 1978[150]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0113.&&&&&0113 Flag of Paraguay.svg پاراگواي 6 September 1948[86] 7 September 1948[151]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0114.&&&&&0114 Flag of Peru (state).svg پيرو — 9 February 1949[57]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0115.&&&&&0115 Flag of Philippines.svg الفلبين 11 May 1949[48] 13 May 1957[152]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0116.&&&&&0116 Flag of Poland.svg بولندا — 18 May 1948[82] Relations were broken in 1967, restored in February 1990.[153]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0117.&&&&&0117 البرتغال البرتغال[154] 12 May 1977 [when?]
— قطر قطر[20] April 1996[83] — In April 1996, Qatar and Israel agreed to exchange trade representation offices.[155] Trade offices closed in February 2009.[83]
Israeli-issued passports are not allowed in Qatar. The only time Israel was allowed was during the 2022 FIFA World Cup.[156][157]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0118.&&&&&0118 Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg الكونغو — 9 November 1960 Date diplomatic relations established. Broke relations on 31 December 1972, resumed in August 1991.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0119.&&&&&0119 Flag of Romania.svg رومانيا[158] 11 June 1948 12 June 1948[97]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0120.&&&&&0120 Flag of Russia.svg روسيا — 17 May 1948[82][159][160] Recognition extended as the Soviet Union. Relations broken in 1967, restored on 19 October 1991.[161]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0121.&&&&&0121 Flag of Rwanda.svg رواندا — [when?] Relations severed in October 1973,[55] and restored in October 1994.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0122.&&&&&0122 Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg سانت كيتس ونڤيس — January 1984[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0123.&&&&&0123 Flag of Saint Lucia.svg سانت لوشيا — January 1979[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0124.&&&&&0124 Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg س. ڤنسنت والگرنادينز — January 1981[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0125.&&&&&0125 Flag of Samoa.svg ساموا — June 1977[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0126.&&&&&0126 Flag of San Marino.svg سان مارينو[162] — 1 March 1995
&&&&&&&&&&&&0127.&&&&&0127 Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg ساو تومه وپرنسيپه — November 1993[83] Date diplomatic relations established
— Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg السعودية[33][163] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0128.&&&&&0128 Flag of Senegal.svg سنغال 1960[99] — Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in August 1994.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0129.&&&&&0129 Flag of Serbia.svg صربيا — 31 January 1992 Date diplomatic relations established[164]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0130.&&&&&0130 Flag of the Seychelles.svg سيشيل — September 1992[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0131.&&&&&0131 سيراليون سيراليون — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in May 1992.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0132.&&&&&0132 Flag of Singapore.svg سنغافورة[165] — 11 May 1969 Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0133.&&&&&0133 Flag of Slovakia.svg سلوفاكيا — 18 May 1948[82] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with Slovakia were established 1 January 1993.[166]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0134.&&&&&0134  سلوڤنيا[167] — 28 April 1992
&&&&&&&&&&&&0135.&&&&&0135 Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg جزر سليمان — January 1989[83]
— الصومال الصومال[168] — —
&&&&&&&&&&&&0136.&&&&&0136 علم جنوب أفريقيا جنوب أفريقيا 24 May 1948[82] 14 May 1949[169][170]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0137.&&&&&0137 Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية — 10 April 1962[171] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0138.&&&&&0138  جنوب السودان[172] — 28 July 2011 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.[173]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0139.&&&&&0139 Flag of Spain.svg إسپانيا[174] 17 January 1986 [when?]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0140.&&&&&0140 Flag of Sri Lanka.svg سريلانكا[175] 16 September 1950 [when?]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0141.&&&&&0141 السودان السودان 23 October 2020[176] — On 23 October 2020, an agreement was announced to normalize relations.[176]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0142.&&&&&0142 سورينام سورينام — February 1976[83]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0143.&&&&&0143 Flag of Sweden.svg السويد [57] 15 February 1949 13 June 1950[85]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0144.&&&&&0144 Flag of Switzerland.svg سويسرا[177] 28 January 1949 18 March 1949[178]
— سوريا سوريا[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0145.&&&&&0145 طاجيكستان طاجيكستان — April 1992[83]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0146.&&&&&0146 Flag of Tanzania.svg تنزانيا — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in February 1995.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0147.&&&&&0147 Flag of Thailand.svg تايلند 26 September 1950[179] [when?]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0148.&&&&&0148 توغو توغو — [when?] Relations severed in September 1973,[55] and restored in June 1987.[54]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0149.&&&&&0149 Flag of Tonga.svg تونجا — June 1977[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0150.&&&&&0150 Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg ترينيداد وتوباگو[83] August 1962 —
— Flag of Tunisia.svg تونس[33] 3 October 1994[67][180] —[181] Joint declaration of relations made in January 1996. Closed the Israeli representative office and suspended relations in October 2000.[139]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0151.&&&&&0151 Flag of Turkey.svg تركيا 28 March 1949[182] 12 March 1950[183] Downgraded ties with Israel to second secretary level in September 2011,[184] and restored full diplomatic relations in June 2016.[185]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0151.&&&&&0151 ترکمنستان ترکمنستان[186] — 6 October 1993 Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0153.&&&&&0153 Flag of Tuvalu.svg توڤالو — July 1984[83] Date diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0154.&&&&&0154 أوغندا أوغندا — [when?] Broke relations on 30 March 1972,[55] and restored in July 1994.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0155.&&&&&0155 Flag of Ukraine.svg أوكرانيا 11 May 1949[48] 26 December 1991[187]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0156.&&&&&0156 Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg الإمارات العربية 13 August 2020[188] 15 September 2020[44] On 15 September 2020, an agreement was signed to normalize relations.[188]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0157.&&&&&0157 Flag of the United Kingdom.png المملكة المتحدة 13 May 1949[189] 28 April 1950[122]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0158.&&&&&0158  الولايات المتحدة 14 May 1948[6] 31 January 1949[190]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0159.&&&&&0159 Uruguay flag 300.png اوروگواي — 19 May 1948[82] First Latin American country to recognize Israel.[191]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0160.&&&&&0160 أوزبكستان أوزبكستان[192] — 21 February 1992 Date full diplomatic relations established
&&&&&&&&&&&&0161.&&&&&0161 Flag of Vanuatu.svg ڤانواتو[66][67] — 16 December 1993 Date diplomatic relations established
— Flag of Venezuela.svg ڤنزويلا — 27 June 1948[86] Relations severed in January 2009.[193]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0162.&&&&&0162 Flag of Vietnam.svg ڤيتنام[194] — 12 July 1993 Date diplomatic relations established
—  اليمن[33] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[22]
&&&&&&&&&&&&0163.&&&&&0163  زامبيا — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[55] and resumed in December 1991.
&&&&&&&&&&&&0164.&&&&&0164 Flag of Zimbabwe.svg زيمبابوي[66][67] — 26 November 1993 Date diplomatic relations established


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-UN member states

State Date of recognition Notes
 سانت هيلينا[195] 2008
 الكرسي الرسولي[196] 15 June 1994
 كوسوڤو 4 September 2020 Kosovo recognised Israel as part of the Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements (2020).[197][198][199] Diplomatic relations established on February 1, 2021.[200][201]
 نيووِيْ[202] 2008
 فلسطين[203] 1993 Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution.[33] Recognized Israel as part of the Oslo I Accord.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Non-Muslim states:

    Muslim-majority states:

References

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قالب:International recognition of states with limited recognition

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