يون سوك-يول

في هذا article، اسم العائلة هو Yoon.
يون سوك-يول
윤석열
중앙선거관리위원회 윤석열 프로필.jpg
رئيس كوريا الجنوبية
Assuming office
10 مايو 2022
يخلفمون جاي-إن
المدعي العام لكوريا الجنوبية
في المنصب
25 يوليو 2019 – 4 مارس 2021
الرئيسمون جاي-إن
سبقهمون مو إيل
خلـَفهتشو نام كوان (Acting)
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد18 ديسمبر 1960 (العمر 63 سنة)
سيول، كوريا الجنوبية
الحزب سلطة الشعب
(2021–present)
الزوجKim Kun-hee
التعليمجامعة سول الحكومية (LLB)
Korean name
هانگول윤석열
هان‌چا尹錫悅
الرومنة المعدلةيون سوك-يول
مكيون-رايشاوريون سوك-يول

يون سوك-يول Yoon Suk-yeol (الكورية: 윤석열; هانجا: 尹錫悅، ولِدَ في 18 ديسمبر 1960) وهو سياسي كوري جنوبي، المدعي العام السابق ومحامي وهو رئيس كوريا الجنوبية. كما شغل يون منصب المدعي العام لكوريا الجنوبية بين عامي 2019 و 2021 في عهد الرئيس مون جاي-إن.[1] وبصفته المدعي العام في كوريا الجنوبية، لعب يون دوراً رئيسياً في إدانة الرئيس السابق پارك گون-هى لإساءة استخدام السلطة.[1][2] ولِدَ في سيول، ودرس في جامعة سول الحكومية. هزم يون مُرشح الحزب الديمقراطي لي جاي ميونگ في الانتخابات الرئاسية الكورية الجنوبية لعام 2022 ومن المقرر أن يتولى منصبه رئيس كوريا الجنوبية في 10 مايو 2022.

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نشأته وتعليمه

وُلد يون في يونهوي-دونگ، مقاطعة سيودايمون ، سيول في عام 1960.[3][4]اقترح البعض أنه من هونام، لكن أبلغ عن أنها كانت أشاعة.[3][5]والده، يون كي جونگ، معلم متقاعد تخرج من جامعة يونسي و جامعة هيتوتسوباشي الذي أسس لاحقاً الجمعية الإحصائية الكورية وهو الآن عضو كامل في الأكاديمية الوطنية لعلوم جمهورية كوريا.[3]كما ولِدت والدته في جانجنيونگ سي، وكانت محاضرة في جامعة Ewha Womans قبل تركها المنصب بعد الزواج[3] . والتحق يون بمدرسة تشونگام الثانوية[5]ودرس القانون في جامعة سول الحكومية.[3][6][7]وهو زميل المحامي مون كانگ باي، الذي وصف يون بأنه شخص "منفتح ومؤمن".[3] وبعد وقت قصير من انتفاضة گوانگ‌جو، عقد يون وزملاؤه محاكمة شكلية، حيث عمل كمدعي عام وطالب بإعدام رئيس كوريا الجنوبية تشون دو هوان .[3][6]بعد المحاكمة الشكلية، هرب يون إلى گانگ‌وون.[3][6] أُعفية يون في عام 1982 من الخدمة الوطنية بسبب إصابته بـتفاوت الانكسار.[8]وأضاف يون لاحقاً أنه لم يتمكن من الحصول على رخصة القيادة بسبب هذه الأصابة.[8] أستطاع يون أن يجتاز الجزء الأول من امتحان المحامين في السنة الرابعة بالجامعة لكنه رسب في الثاني. [3][6] واستمر في الرسوب خلال السنوات التسع التالية. أسباب محاولاته الفاشلة غير واضحة، لكن السبب الرئيسي يُنظر إليه على نطاق واسع على أنه المحاكمة الشكلية التي أجراها ضد تشون دو هوان.[3] لقد نجح أخيرًا في اجتياز نقابة المحامين في عام 1991,[3][5][6][7][4] في ذات فئة التخرج مثل الحزب الديمقراطي عضو مجلس النواب و وزير العدل بارك بوم- كاي.[3]


مهنته كمدعي عام

مهنته المبكرة

بدأ يون حياته المهنية في مكتب المدعي العام في دايگو عام 1994.[3][5][6][7][4] حيث ترأس الفرع الخاص وإدارة التحقيقات المركزية، وكلاهما يحقق في قضايا تتعلق بالفساد.[3]وفي عام 1999، ألقى القبض على مساعد المفوض بارك هوي وون، الذي كان متورطًا في الفساد[9][4] على الرغم من الاعتراضات القوية من البيروقراطيين في حكومة كيم داي جونگ.[3]

في يناير 2002، عمل يون لفترة وجيزة كمحامي في Bae، Kim & Lee لكنه غادر لأنه شعر أنه غير مناسب لهذا المنصب.[4]عند عودته كمدع عام، قام بمُقاضاة شخصيات مؤيدة لـ نو مو-هيون مثل آهن هي-جونگ وكانغ كيوم وون.[3] في عام 2006، ألقى القبض على تشونگ مونگ-كو لتواطؤه في قضية ملفقة لصندوق أموال في هيونداي موتور.[3][4] وفي عام 2008، عمل مع فريق المستشارين المستقلين لحل حادثة بنك البحرين والكويت المتعلقة بالرئيس لي ميونگ-باك.[3]

في عام 2013، قاد يون فريق تحقيق خاص نظر في تورط جهاز المخابرات الوطني (NIS) في فضيحة التلاعب بالرأي العام في NIS لعام 2012. سعى يون إلى محاكمة الرئيس السابق لجهاز المخابرات الوطنية، وون سي هون لخرقه قانون انتخاب الموظفين العموميين. واتهم وزير العدل هوانگ كيو-آن بالتأثير على تحقيقه.[10] ونتيجة لذلك، تم تخفيض رتبته من مكتب المدعين العامين في سيول إلى مكتب المدعي العام في دايگو وديجون.[11][10]

أصبح يون فيما بعد رئيساً للتحقيقات في فريق الادعاء الخاص في پارك يونگ-سو، والذي حقق في الادعاءات المتعلقة بفضيحة تشوي سون-سيل عام 2016 التي تنطوي على تشوي، نائب رئيس سامسونگ لي جاي-يونگ ثم الرئيس پارك گون-هى، مما أدى إلى عزل الرئيس في ديسمبر 2016.[11]

في 19 مايو 2017، عين الرئيس المنتخب حديثاً مون جاي-إن يون كرئيس لمكتب المدعي العام لمنطقة سيول المركزية.[7] وجهت النيابة العامة لائحة اتهام إلى رئيسين سابقين لي ميونگ-باك وپارك گون-هى، وثلاثة رؤساء سابقين للشيوخ، ورئيس القضاة السابق يانگ سونگ-تاي وأكثر من 100 من المسؤولين السابقين والمديرين التنفيذيين في فترة ولايته.[12] قاد يون أيضاً تحقيقاً في الاحتيال المحاسبي في سامسونگ.[10]

المدعي العام

يون في عام 2019

في 17 يونيو 2019، رُشح يون لمنصب المدعي العام، بدلاً من مون مو-إل.[6][4]وقد رحب بترشيحه حاكم الحزب الديمقراطي وحزب الديمقراطية والسلام، لكن عارضه حزب الحرية الكوري وحزب المستقبل الصالح.[13] وبقي الحزب الصغير لحزب العدالة على الحياد.[13]في 16 يوليو، تم تعيينه رسمياً في منصب المدعي العام الجديد[14]وبدأ ولايته بعد 9 أيام.[15]وقد أمره الرئيس مون بأن يكون محايداً، مضيفاً أنه يجب التحقيق بدقة في أي نوع من أنواع الفساد رغم ارتباطه بالحكومة.[15]

قاد يون التحقيقات ضد وزير العدل تشو كوك،[16] والذي تورط في فضائح مختلفة. وقد رحبت المعارضة بقراره بالمحاكمة لكن الحزب الديمقراطي وأنصاره أدانوه.[16][17][18]

بعد تعيين تشو مي-أي وزيرة العدل الجديدة، اتخذت إجراءً ضد العديد من المدعين العامين المقربين من يون.[19][20] وعزت تشو قرارها إلى فشل يون في تقديم خطة إعادة تنظيم لقسمته، وهو ما طلبته، ولكن اعتبر البيت الأزرق هذا انتقاماً لمحاكمة تشو كوك.[21]

في أبريل 2020، هاجم نواب الحزب الديمقراطي يون مرة أخرى ودعوه إلى الاستقالة حيث بدأت النيابة العامة تحقيقات في قضايا انتهاك قانون الانتخابات التي تشمل سياسيين من الحاكمين والمعارضين، وكذلك الاشتباه في تزوير انتخابات رئاسة بلدية أولسان لمنصب العمدة سونگ تشول-هو في 2018 من قبل كبار الأمناء في البيت الأزرق.[22][23][24]

التوقيف والعودة إلى الوظيفة والاستقالة

في 24 نوفمبر 2020، أوقفت وزيرة العدل تشو مي-أيه يون من منصبه، متذرعةً بانتهاكات أخلاقية مزعومة وإساءة استخدام السلطة والتدخل في التحقيقات مع شركائها وأفراد أسرتها.[25]وقد قدم يون أمراً قضائياً ضد أمر تعليق الوزيرة، والذي تمت الموافقة عليه من قبل محكمة سيول الإدارية في 1 ديسمبر، بوقف التعليق مؤقتاً.[26][27] في 16 ديسمبر، فرضت وزارة العدل تعليقاً على يون لمدة شهرين، ووافقت على أربعة من ست تهم رئيسية لاتخاذ إجراءات تأديبية. ووافق الرئيس مون على القرار لاحقاً.[28]ومع ذلك، في 24 ديسمبر، بعد أمر قضائي تم رفعه في محكمة سيول الإدارية، تم إلغاء التعليق لأن المحكمة قبلت مطالبة يون بأن عملية تعليقه كانت غير عادلة.[29] في 4 مارس 2021، قدم يون استقالته وقبلها الرئيس مون.[30]

2022 presidential election

Yoon had been considered a potential presidential candidate for the 2022 presidential election since the aftermath of the Cho Kuk scandal, appearing as a significant candidate in general election opinion polls since at least January 2020.[31][32] In a January 2021 poll including all possible presidential candidates, Yoon led as the most favored with 30.4 percent of the vote, more than the individual supports for the ruling Democratic Party frontrunners Lee Jae-myung and Lee Nak-yon.[33]

On June 29, 2021, Yoon officially announced his candidacy in the 2022 presidential election.[34] On July 12, he registered with the National Election Commission as an independent candidate.[35]

Yoon Suk-yeol leaving the People Power Party (PPP) headquarters shortly after joining the party on July 30, 2021

On July 30, 2021, Yoon officially joined the conservative People Power Party, which is currently the main opposition party in South Korea.[35] Prior to this Yoon had been a political independent, although his popular support came primarily from conservatives. Yoon was welcomed into the PPP by Choi Jae-hyung, a fellow 2022 presidential candidate, in a small public ceremony at the PPP headquarters located in Yeouido, Seoul. Choi was the former head of the Board of Audit and Inspection and had also just recently joined the PPP, officially having become a member on July 15. Yoon's welcoming ceremony into the People Power Party notably did not include recently elected party leader Lee Jun-seok, who had been outside of Seoul at the time.[35]

During the primary election period, Yoon came under criticism for several perceived gaffes and controversial statements. In July, Yoon advocated for a 120-hour work week while critiquing President Moon's policy of the 52-hour maximum work week.[36] Yoon advocated deregulating food safety standards because, in his opinion, "poor people should be allowed to eat substandard food for lower prices," citing economist Milton Friedman's 1980 book Free to Choose: A Personal Statement as the inspiration for the idea.[37][38] In August, Yoon stated that South Korea's recent feminist movement was a significant contributing factor to the issue of the nation's low birth rates.[37] Later that same week, Yoon claimed during an interview with Busan Ilbo that there was "basically no radiation leak" from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster because "the reactors themselves didn't collapse."[39]

On September 2, 2021, news website Newsverse reported that during his time as prosecutor general, Yoon had allegedly ordered a senior prosecutor and a politician to file politically motivated criminal complains against Democratic Party politicians ahead of the 2020 legislative elections in an attempt to sway the elections. The article alleged that Yoon ordered senior prosecutor Son Jun-sung to file criminal complaints against opposing Democratic Party candidates and ordered PPP National Assembly member Kim Woong to file criminal complaints against Democratic Party politicians and journalists friendly with the party ahead of the 2020 elections.[40][41] In response to the allegations, an internal investigatory probe was launched by the Supreme Prosecutor's Office, and an investigation was launched by the recently formed Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials (CIO).[40][42] Yoon denied the allegations and, in response to the allegations and probe, reported informant Cho Sung-eun and Director of the National Intellience Service Park Jie-won to the CIO.[41] Shortly after the allegations were published, support for PPP primary contender Hong Joon-pyo, who had been the nominee for PPP predecessor Liberty Korea Party in the 2017 presidential election, rose sharply in polls, making Hong the most significant contender to Yoon since the beginning of the campaign cycle. A September 6 poll of contenders across all parties showed support for Hong at 13.6%, up from 4.2% a week earlier, behind Yoon who had support at 26.4%.[43]

Yoon with Chung Jin-suk in November 2021

During an October 1 primary debate amongst all qualified PPP presidential candidates, Yoon appeared to have the hanja character for "king" written on his left palm, a talisman for good luck often inscribed on the advice of shamans.[44][45][46] Soon afterwards it was widely reported that Yoon also had the mark on his hand during the previous two primary debates. Yoon's primary opponents, including Hong Joon-pyo and Yoo Seong-min, criticized Yoon for using shamanist practices and made unflattering comparisons to the Choi Soon-sil scandal in which President Park Geun-hye allowed a shaman to have undue influence over her executive decisions.[45] In response to the criticism, Yoon stated that "a supporter drew that as a message of support, encouraging me to be confident like a ‘king’ during the debate," and that he had forgotten to wash the mark off.[47]

In October, Yoon made complimentary remarks about former far-right military dictator of South Korea Chun Doo-hwan. The remarks came during a meeting with People Power Party officials in Busan, during which Yoon said that "many people still consider Chun as having done well in politics, except the military coup and the Gwangju Uprising," later adding that he believed even people in Honam, the geographic area including Gwangju, felt the same way.[48] Chun Doo-hwan, a widely maligned figure in South Korea, was responsible for numerous human rights abuses, including the torture and killings of innocent civilians. Yoon apologized for these remarks.[49] However, shortly after his apology Yoon posted a picture on his Instagram account in which he fed an apple to his dog; as the words for "apple" and "apology" are homographs in Korean ("사과"), this was interpreted as a mocking statement on his own previous apology.[50] The remarks about Chun, as well as the Instagram post, were criticized by all three of the remaining candidates in the People Power Party primaries.[50] Yoon again apologized for his remarks when he visited the May 18th National Cemetery in Gwangju on November 10, although his visit was met by protesters.[51][52]

On November 5, 2021, Yoon officially won the nomination of the People Power Party for the 2022 presidential election.[53][54] The win came after Yoon fought off a surge in support for rival candidate Hong Joon-pyo in the latter weeks of the primary. The nomination resulted from a four-day period of voting by party members and the general public. Yoon Suk-yeol won 47.85% of the votes, a total of 347,963 votes, and of the remaining candidates Hong Joon-pyo won 41.50% of the votes, Yoo Seong-min won 7.47% of the votes, and Won Hee-ryong won 3.17% of the votes.[55]

Yoon narrowly won the 2022 presidential election. Democratic Party candidate Lee Jae-myung conceded defeat in the early hours of the following day.[56]


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Political positions

Yoon Suk-yeol (left) with PPP party leader Lee Jun-seok (right)

Yoon identifies himself as "conservative."[57] A former conservative Member of Parliament, Chung Doo-un, has considered Yoon a conservative.[58] Political commentator Chin Jung-kwon, who supports Yoon, called his political inclination "libertarianism."[59][60]

Critics of Yoon have described him as a right-wing populist. Sim Sang-jung, 2017 and 2022 presidential candidate of the left-wing Justice Party, has described the PPP led by Yoon as "far-right populism."[61] Kim Dong-yeon, a former finance minister and independent 2022 presidential candidate who models himself on centrist French President Emmanuel Macron, has also described Yoon as "populist."[62][63] Yoon rejects the populist label, and has called his main opponent in the 2022 election, Democratic Party candidate Lee Jae-myung, a "populist."[64]

Yoon opposes economic interventionism by the government. He has cited economist Milton Friedman and Friedman's 1980 book Free to Choose: A Personal Statement as a major influence on his belief in economic liberalism.[65]

On September 22, 2021, Yoon stated that he will demand that the United States redeploy tactical nuclear weapons in South Korea.[66] Nuclear weapons have not been deployed by the US in South Korea since the early 1990s, after an agreement with Russia and in an effort to ease tensions between North and South Korea.[67] Speaking for the United States, U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Japan and Korea Mark Lambert rejected Yoon's call for the re-nuclearization of South Korea and said the proposal was against U.S. policy.[67] Zhao Lijian, Spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China, called Yoon's statement "irresponsible."[68]

On November 7, 2021, Yoon stated that if elected president he would pardon former presidents Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye, both of whom were serving lengthy prison sentences for corruption (Park Geun-hye was later pardoned by President Moon Jae-in on December 24 of that same year).[69][70]

On November 12, 2021, Yoon indicated that he would be open to more US THAAD missile deployments in South Korea.[71]

On November 30, 2021, Yoon said he would abolish the 52-hour workweek and the minimum wage if he became president.[72]

On January 7, 2022, he wrote on his Facebook page, "Abolish the Ministry of Women and Family". The post received a good response from Idaenam, while feminist organizations criticized it as "hate politics".[73][74]

Personal life

Yoon has been married to Kim Kun-hui since 2012. Kim Kun-hui is the President of Covana Contents, a company that specializes in art exhibitions.[75] His wife has been investigated for allegedly taking kickbacks for hosting art exhibitions.[76]

References

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مناصب قانونية
سبقه
Moon Moo-il 		Prosecutor General of South Korea
2019–2021 		تبعه
Cho Nam-kwan
Acting
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