مته فريدريكسن Mette Frederiksen

مته فريدريكسن
Mette Frederiksen
Mette Frederiksen in 2023 (cropped).jpg
رئيس وزراء الدنمارك
تولى المنصب
27 يونيو 2019
العاهلمارگرته الثانية
سبقهلارس لوكه راسموسن
زعيم الاشتراكيين الديمقراطيين
تولى المنصب
28 يونيو 2015
النائبفرانك جنسن
موگنس جنسن
سبقههله تورننگ شميت
زعيم المعارضة
في المنصب
28 يونيو 2015 – 27 يونيو 2019
العاهلمارگرته الثانية
رئيس الوزراءلارس لوكه راسموسن
سبقهلارس لوكه راسموسن
خلـَفهلارس لوكه راسموسن
وزير العدل
في المنصب
10 أكتوبر 2014 – 28 يونيو 2015
رئيس الوزراءهله تورننگ شميت
سبقهكارين هوكيروب
خلـَفهسورين پيند
وزير العمل
في المنصب
3 أكتوبر 2011 – 10 أكتوبر 2014
رئيس الوزراءهله تورننگ شميت
سبقهإنجر ستويبرگ
خلـَفههنريك دام كريستنسن
عضو فولكتينگ
تولى المنصب
20 نوفمبر 2001
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد19 نوفمبر 1977 (العمر 47 سنة)
آلبورگ, الدنمارك
الحزب الاشتراكيون الديمقراطيون
الزوج
إريك هار
​
​
(m. 2003; div. 2014)​

بو تنجبرگ
​
(m. 2020)​
الأنجال2
التعليمجامعة آلبورگ

مته فريدريكسن (النطق الدنماركي: [ˈmetə ˈfʁeðʁeksn̩]; من مواليد 19 نوفمبر 1977 هو سياسية دانماركية كانت رئيسة وزراء الدنمارك منذ يونيو 2019 و زعيمة الاشتراكيين الديمقراطيين منذ يونيو 2015. وهي ثاني امرأة تتولى أي منصب ، وهي أيضًا أصغر رئيسة وزراء في التاريخ الدنماركي.[1]

Besides a brief career as a trade unionist (2000–2001), Frederiksen has never had any employment outside politics. She was first elected to the Folketing in the 2001 general election, representing Copenhagen County. After the Social Democrats won the 2011 general election, she was appointed Minister of Employment by Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt. She was promoted to Minister of Justice in 2014. After the Social Democrats' narrow defeat in the 2015 general election, Thorning-Schmidt stood down, and Frederiksen won the subsequent leadership election to replace her, becoming Leader of the Opposition.[2][3] Frederiksen led her party into the 2019 general election, which resulted in the bloc of left-wing and centre-left parties (her Social Democrats, the Social Liberals, the Socialist People's Party, the Red–Green Alliance, the Faroese Social Democratic Party, and Greenland's Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit) winning a majority in the Folketing. Frederiksen was subsequently commissioned by Queen Margrethe II to lead negotiations to form a new government, and was sworn in as prime minister on 27 June. In December 2021, she became the longest-serving incumbent female head of government in the European Union.

In July 2022, the Mink Commission released a report that criticized Frederiksen's government's handling of the Cluster 5 COVID-19 outbreak among Danish mink, though it absolved Frederiksen of deliberate misleading of the public.[4] The Radikale Venstre brought an ultimatum against Frederiksen threatening to bring a motion of no confidence against her government if she did not call for an early election.[5] On 5 October 2022, Frederiksen announced that an election was to be held on 1 November of the same year.[6] The election resulted in the best result for the Social Democrats in 20 years with the party gaining two more seats for a total of 50.[7] Frederiksen herself received 60,837 votes, the most of any candidate.[8] On 13 December 2022, Frederiksen announced that an accord on a coalition government with the Social Democrats, the Venstre and the Moderates had been reached, with herself continuing as prime minister.[9]

الحياة المبكرة

ولدت في آلبورگ ، وكان والد فريدريكسن مطبعي وكانت والدتها معلمة.[2]حضرت صالة ألبورجوس ودرست الإدارة و العلوم الاجتماعية في جامعة آلبور ، وتخرجت في عام 2007.[2]

She was born 19 November 1977 in the city of Aalborg in North Denmark. Frederiksen's father was a typographer and her mother was a teacher.[2] As a teenager, she campaigned to preserve rain forests, protect whales, and end apartheid.[10]

Frederiksen attended the Aalborghus Gymnasium. She holds a bachelor's degree in Administration and Social Science from Aalborg University, and a master's degree in African Studies from the University of Copenhagen.[11]


السيرة السياسية

إلى جانب مهنة قصيرة للغاية كنقابية (2000-2001) ، لم يكن لدى فريدريكسن أي عمل خارج السياسة. تم انتخابها لأول مرة لـ فولكتينگ في الانتخابات العامة لعام 2001 ، التي تمثل مقاطعة كوبنهاگن. بعد فوز الاشتراكيين الديمقراطيين في الانتخابات العامة 2011 ، تم تعيينها وزير العمل من قبل رئيس الوزراء هله تورننگ شميت. تمت ترقيتها لاحقًا لتصبح وزير العدل في 2014. بعد الهزيمة الضيقة للديمقراطيين الاجتماعيين في الانتخابات العامة 2015 ، استقالت ثورننج شميدت و حصلت فريدريكسن على انتخابات القيادة اللاحقة لتحل محلها ، لتصبح زعيم المعارضة.[2][3]

قادت فريدريكسن حزبها إلى الانتخابات العامة لعام 2019 التي أسفرت عن تكتل يسار و يسار وسط حزبها الاشتراكيون الديمقراطيون و الليبراليون الاجتماعيون و حزب الشعب الاشتراكي و التحالف الأحمر والأخضر و فاروي الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي و سيوموت و إنويت أتاغاتيجييت يفوزون بالأغلبية في فولكتينگ. بعد ذلك تم تكليف فريدريكسن من قبل الملكة مارگرته الثانية لقيادة مفاوضات ناجحة في نهاية المطاف لتشكيل حكومة جديدة وأدى اليمين كرئيس للوزراء في 27 يونيو.

النائبة في الفولكتنگ

Frederiksen in 2001

Frederiksen worked as a youth consultant for LO, The Danish Confederation of Trade Unions.[2] She was elected as a member of parliament for Copenhagen County in the 2001 general election which saw the Social Democrats losing the first place and placing second for the first time since 1920.[2] After her election, Frederiksen was named as her party's spokesperson for culture, media and gender equality.[2] In 2002, she received the Nina Bang award for "showing political courage, enthusiasm and impact with social feeling".[12] Frederiksen received the Ting Prize in 2012. She co-authored the books Epostler (2003) and From Fight to Culture (2004).

After the 2005 general election loss, Frederiksen became her party's spokesperson for social affairs.[2] Following the election, she also served as the vice-chairperson of the parliamentary group of the Social Democrats.[2] In the 2007 general election that saw the Social Democrats losing two seats, Frederiksen obtained 27,077 votes, placing her seventh in the ranking of the ten Danish politicians with the most votes.[13]

After the 2011 general election that led to a Social Democrats government, Frederiksen served under Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt as Minister for Employment from 2011 to 2014 and Minister of Justice from 2014 until she succeeded her as party leader.[2][3] As Minister of Employment, Hendriksen sought reforms of early retirement pensions, flex jobs, and the employment system. The controversial cash assistance reform meant lower cash benefits for young unemployed and provided cohabiting mutual support, among other things.[14]

زعيمة الديمقراطيين الاشتراكيين

فردريكسن في 2017

Under Frederiksen's leadership after the 2015 general election in which the Social Democrats returned to power and gained three seats in the Folketing, the party has moved back to the left on economic issues while taking a conservative stance on immigration.[15][16]

رئيس وزراء الدنمارك

Метте Фредериксен (51653707252).jpg
Premiership of Mette Frederiksen
27 June 2019 –
رئيس الوزراءMette Frederiksen
مجلس الوزراءFirst Frederiksen Cabinet
Second Frederiksen Cabinet
الحزبSocial Democrats
الانتخابات2019
2022
المُعينMargrethe II
المجلسChristiansborg Palace
← Lars Løkke Rasmussen • TBD →
Official website

2019 election

The 2019 general election saw the Social Democrats gaining a further seat while support for the Danish People's Party and the Liberal Alliance collapsed, costing Lars Løkke Rasmussen his majority. With the result beyond doubt on election night, Rasmussen conceded defeat.[17] Frederiksen was appointed prime minister on 27 June 2019, heading an exclusively Social Democratic minority government supported by the red bloc of the Social Liberal Party, the Red-Green Alliance and the Green Left.[18][1] Despite having run on an anti-immigration stance during the election, Frederiksen briefly shifted her stance on immigration by allowing more foreign labour and reversing government plans to hold foreign criminals offshore after winning government.[19][20][21]

2020 mink cull

المقالة الرئيسية: 2020 Danish mink cull

At a press conference on 4 November 2020, Mette Frederiksen stated that the government had decided that all mink in Denmark should be killed due to the risk of infection with COVID-19. Subsequently, it emerged that this order was illegal and was described by many as being in violation of the Danish Constitution.[22] The government came up with changing explanations and several parties in the Folketing demanded an account of the mink case. The statement was published on 18 November 2020 and it emerged that six ministers had been warned on 1 October 2020 that the order was illegal. Minister of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Mogens Jensen withdrew immediately. Mette Frederiksen has denied knowledge of the lack of legal basis.[23]

A commission of inquiry was set up to investigate the case,[24] delivering its report on 30 June 2022. The report stated that Frederiksen's statements at the press conference on 4 November 2020 were "objectively grossly misleading", but that she was not aware of the illegality of the order to kill all mink.[25][26] The Red-Green Alliance and Green Left, both of which are supporting parties of Frederiksen, announced they would not be voting for independent lawyer examination of the report, which could lead to impeachment.[27] Leader of the Social Liberal Party, also a supporting party, Sofie Carsten Nielsen similarly did not want independent examination, but demanded a general election before 4 October 2022.[28] If her demands were not met, she promised to support a motion of no confidence against Frederiksen.[29] Frederiksen later announced on 5 October 2022 that a general election would be held on 1 November 2022.[6]

Frederiksen received an official reprimand from the Folketing on 5 July 2022 for her actions in handling the mink case.[30] The reprimand stated that Frederiksen had "acted highly criticisable". This was given to her by her own government, with her own party, Social Democrats, not stating that she had committed any errors;[31] the opposition did not participate as they considered it inadequate.[32]

السياسة الخارجية

Frederiksen with then-President of the United States Donald Trump during a NATO meeting in London, United Kingdom, December 2019

Frederiksen gained international attention in August 2019 when U.S. President Donald Trump cancelled a state visit to Denmark following her refusal to sell Greenland, an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. On 15 August 2019, The Wall Street Journal reported that Trump had discussed the possibility of buying Greenland with aides.[33] Kim Kielsen, the premier of Greenland, responded by saying that Greenland is not for sale.[34] On 18 August 2019, after the rumor was confirmed by the White House, Frederiksen echoed Kielsen's comments, saying that "Greenland is not Danish. Greenland belongs to Greenland", and called the discussion "absurd".[35] On 20 August 2019, Trump cancelled the state visit, scheduled 2–3 September 2019, with specific reference to Frederiksen's refusal to discuss a possible sale.[36][37][38]

On 3 January 2020, Iranian General Qasem Soleimani was assassinated by the United States, which considerably heightened the existing tensions between the two countries. Frederiksen called it "a really serious situation". She avoided the question on whether the killing was right, instead calling for de-escalation.[39]

Frederiksen with Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin in Copenhagen, 4 May 2022

At the request of the United States,[40] Frederiksen initiated diplomatic talks in early 2022 on the possible presence of American troops on Danish soil. Frederiksen expressed enthusiasm for the talks, stating that "We want a stronger American presence in Europe and in Denmark".[41] In December 2023, Frederiksen announced a US-Danish defense cooperation agreement, that allows for U.S. soldiers and military equipment to be based at Skrydstrup Air Base, Krarup Air Base and Aalborg Air Base.[42]

Frederiksen meets with President of the European Council Charles Michel in Copenhagen, 14 May 2024.

In June 2024, Frederiksen appeared in Normandy for the eightieth anniversary of the Normandy landings.[43]


الغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا 2022

Frederiksen with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, 21 April 2022

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Frederiksen's government initiated political talks with the five main political parties of the Folketing (Social Liberal Party, Green Left, Venstre, and Conservative People's Party), and presented the "National Compromise on Danish Security Policy" on 4 March 2022,[44] in which a significant increase in Danish defense spending, an emergency allocation of DKK 7 billion for the Danish defense, a plan for independence from Russian gas, and a referendum on the Danish EU defense opt-out were presented.[45][46] The country will gradually increase defense spending to 2% of GDP by 2033 (as agreed within NATO), which corresponds to an increase in annual defense spending of around 18 billion DKK ($2.65 billion).[47]

On 21 April, together with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, she visited Ukraine's capital Kyiv and President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. At the meeting, Frederiksen promised an increase in arms and military aid to Ukraine by 600 million DKK, bringing the total Danish aid to 1 billion DKK.[48] Denmark has previously sent 2,700 M72 LAW light anti-tank weapons to the Ukrainian army.[49][50]

الاتحاد الأوروبي

In 2020, Frederiksen was labeled "the most euroskeptic [Danish] Prime Minister in history" by the Danish online newspaper Altinget.[51] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, however, she "transformed from a skeptic into a strong advocate of [EU] cooperation".[52]

During the 2022 referendum on the EU defense opt-out, Frederiksen campaigned against maintaining the opt-out.[53] Following the abolition of said opt-out, Frederiksen stated that she had no intentions of seeking the abolition of the remaining opt-outs. She had previously, as justice minister, supported the abolition of the judicial opt-out in the 2015 referendum.[54]

2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage

Frederiksen said the 2022 Nord Stream gas leaks were sabotage, while cautioning that it was not an attack on Denmark as they occurred in international waters.[55] Frederiksen travelled to London and Brussels to discuss the leaks with British Prime Minister Liz Truss, President of the European Council Charles Michel and NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg.[56] She also talked with French President Emmanuel Macron over the phone. She reiterated to all she spoke with that there is a need for increased surveillance of critical infrastructure and that they must take Russian President Vladimir Putin's threats seriously.[57]

الإنفاق العسكري

In May 2023, her government decided to triple Denmark's military spending over the next 10 years. This spending will be partly financed by the abolition of a public holiday for employees.[58]

Response to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-21)

Frederiksen led the Danish Government response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[59] In 2020, she issued an order to mink farmers to cull millions of these animals in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic; this decision later turned out to be unconstitutional.[60] In 2021, Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen joined forces with Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in setting up a joint research and development fund, and possibly production facilities for COVID-19 vaccines, to ensure they had long-term supplies for booster shots or to contend with new virus strains.[61]

Education reform

In June 2021, Frederiksen's government announced a new model of distributing gymnasium applicants. The model aims to solve the issue of ethnic and economic disparity and "parallel society tendencies" between gymnasiums by considering parent income.[62] Heavy criticism was directed at the suggestion by the blue bloc, who called it "forced distribution".[63] A petition for scrapping the law gained over 50000 signatures, allowing it to be presented before the Folketing.[64]

A year later, in June 2022, Frederiksen and her government announced their intention to introduce a ceiling to the entry quotient[أ] of higher education. Education offers with a higher entry quotient than the proposed ceiling of 10[ب] would have to offer admission through other means, such as a subject-specific admission test. The goal of the ceiling is to lessen the pressure on students by reducing the need for high grades, and to allow students greater freedom in selecting education.[65]

In September 2022, Frederiksen proposed that approximately half of all Master's degrees would be shortened from two years to one year. This would mostly affect degrees in the social sciences and humanities, with natural sciences and medicine being left mostly untouched. The proposal was met with harsh criticism from students, academics, rectors and parts of the business world, claiming it would negatively affect the quality of education and require the learning of two years material in one year. Frederiksen denied this, claiming the quality of education was to increase and that workers could be trained on the job.[66][67]

المواقف السياسية

الحياة الشخصية

Frederiksen has two children from her first marriage.[10]

On 15 July 2020, Frederiksen married her longtime boyfriend Bo Tengberg, a film director. They were married at the Magleby Church, an affiliate of the Church of Denmark on the island of Møn.[68]

اعتداء 2024

Kultorvet in 2016

A man assaulted Frederiksen in Kultorvet (central Copenhagen) on 7 June 2024,[69] two days before the 2024 European Parliament election in Denmark. This was one of several instances of political violence leading up to the elections: in May, Slovakian prime minister Robert Fico was shot several times.[69]

Bystanders said that she was roughly shoved, causing her fall sideways, though she did not hit the ground.[69] A 39-year-old man from Poland was identified as a suspect and ordered to appear in court,[70] though he denied the charges.[69]

Frederiksen was taken to Rigshospitalet, and the Prime Minister's Office later released a statement from an orthopedic attending physician, which stated that Frederiksen had suffered a "contusion (to the) right shoulder and minor distortion [of] cervical vertebrae (whiplash)",[71] but was otherwise in good condition.[72] Police said that the suspect was a Polish national and that there appeared to be no political motive for the attack.[73] Days later, she said that she was still shaken by the incident, but said she believed it was "the prime minister who got hit", differentiating it from an attack on her personally.[74]

Environment minister Magnus Heunicke wrote on X that the attack "shakes all of us who are close to her".[43] European Council president Charles Michel stated he was "outraged".[69] Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission, called the attack "despicable".[69]

On 7 August 2024, Frederiksen's attacker was convicted by the Copenhagen District Court and sentenced to four months imprisonment, deportation and a ban from entering Denmark for six years following his release.[75]


المصادر

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وصلات خارجية

مناصب سياسية
سبقه
إنجر ستوبيرگ 		وزير العمل
2011–2014 		تبعه
هنريك دام كريستنسن
سبقه
كارين هوكرب 		وزير العدل
2014–2015 		تبعه
سورين پيند
سبقه
لارس لوكه راسموسن 		زعيم المعارضة
2015–2019 		تبعه
لارس لوكه راسموسن
رئيس وزراء الدنمارك
2019–الحاضر 		الحالي
مناصب حزبية
سبقه
هله تورننگ شميت 		زعيم الاشتراكيين الديمقراطيين
2015–الحاضر 		الحالي


خطأ استشهاد: وسوم <ref> موجودة لمجموعة اسمها "lower-alpha"، ولكن لم يتم العثور على وسم <references group="lower-alpha"/>

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