المكتب البيضاوي
الرئيس باراك اوباما يكتب ملاحظاته في المكتب البيضاوي قبل الإدلاء ببيان تلفزيوني مفصل حول المهمة ضد أسامة بن لادن، 1 مايو 2011.
المكتب البيضاوي عام 1981، في عهد ادارة رونالد ريگان. الرئيس ريگان استخدم مكتب روزليوت، والذي أعاده الرئيس جيمي كارتر إلى البيت الأبيض.. The rug from the Gerald R. Ford administration was replaced when the Reagans redecorated in 1988.
المكتب البيضاوي، يقع في الجناح الغربي بالبيت الأبيض، وهو المكتب الرسمي لرئيس الولايات المتحدة.
تتميز الغرفة بثلاث نوافذ مواجهة للجهة الكنوبية وراء مكتب الرئيس، ومدفأة عند النهاية الشمالية للغرفة. يوجد بالمكتب البيضاوي أربعة أبواب: باب شرقي يفتح على حديقة الزهور؛ باب غربي يؤدي إلى غرفة صغيرة خاصة للدراسة والعشاء؛ باب شمالي غربي يفتح على الممر الرئيس للجناح الغربي؛ وباب شمالي شرقي يفتح على مكتب سكرتير الرئيس.
التاريخ الثقافي
خطب المكتب البيضاوي
التاريخ
بيت الرئيس، فلادلفيا، پنسلڤانيا، قوس نافذة جورج تاون أوحت بشكل المكتب البيضاوي.
نافذة جورج واشنطن
البيت الأبيض
الغرفة البيضاوية الصفراء كغرفة دراسة ومكتبة للرئيس گروڤر كليڤلاند، 1886. لاحظ استخدامه مكتب روزوليوت.
الغرفة البيضاوية الصفراء
الجناح الغربي
مكتب تافت البيضاوي: 1909–33
Location of the Yellow Oval Room on the second floor of the White House. A number of presidents used this as their private office or library.
The Yellow Oval Room about 1868 used as President Andrew Johnson's library. Note the bearskin chair on the right.
Exterior of the West Wing (circa 1910s), showing the curve of the Taft Oval Office.
President Hoover views West Wing fire ruins, January 15, 1930.
انشاء الجنح الغربي، 1934.
مخرج المكتب البيضاوي كما يظهر من ساوث لاون.
المكتب البيضاوي الحديث: 1934–الآن
موقع المكتب البيضاوي في الجنح الغربي.
Plaster ceiling medallion installed in 1934 includes elements of the Seal of the President of the United States.
الزخرفة
السجادة
السجادة المفروشة على أرض المكتب البيضاوي هي سجادة تحمل شعار الرئيس الأمريكي. وقد تغير الشعار على مدار السنين منذ إنشاء المكتب.
المكاتب
الأعمال الفنية
President Obama in 2012, with (left to right) Abraham Lincoln by George Henry Story, a copy of the Emancipation Proclamation, Bust of Martin Luther King, Jr. by Charles Alston, George Washington by Rembrandt Peale, and Bust of Abraham Lincoln by Augustus Saint-Gaudens.
Oval Office floor, replaced during the administration of George W. Bush. Based on a 1933 design by Eric Gugler, the 2005 installation is arranged in a contrasting cross pattern of quarter sawn oak and walnut.
اعادة الزخرفة
التعديلات
الحفاظ
الأبعاد
| الأبعاد | الأمريكية | الدولية |
|---|---|---|
| المحور الرئيسي (الشمال-الجنوب) | 35' 10" | 10.9 م |
| المحور الأصغر (الشرق-الغرب) | 29' | 8.8 م |
| الارتفاع | 18' 6" | 5.6 م |
| خط الصعود (النقطة التي يبدأ عندها السقف في التقوس) | 16' 7" | 5.0 م |
| المحيط البيضاوي التقريبي | 102' 5" | 31.2 م |
| المساحة التقريبية | 816.2 قدم² | 75.8 sq م |
نسبة المحور الرئيسي إلى المحور الأدنى تبلغ 10.9/8.8 (أي حوالي 1.24).
باراك اوباما في المكتب البيضاوي، 2 نوفمبر 2010.
الرئيس باراك اوباما في المكتب البيضاوي، 20 أكتوبر 2009.
الرئيس باراك اوباما يلعب الگولف في المكتب البيضاوي مع السناتورات وأعضاء مجلس الشيوخ، تقاليد ترجع إلى فترة ولاية ليندون جونسون
President Bush chose a more muted color palette than his predecessor, using shades of taupe, celadon and navy.
One of many hand-shake photos in front of the fireplace. The President sitting to the viewer's right, the guest to the left. One of the rare images where there is fire in the fireplace (March 2003, the guest is Paul Kagame.)
مكتب تافت البيضاوي 1909–1933
| الرئيس | صورة | المصمم | Furnishings | العمل الفني | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| وليام هوارد تافت 1909-1913 |
|
Nathan C. Wyeth 1909 |
Marble Neoclassical mantel Bookcases with glass doors Lighting fixtures by E. F. Caldwell & Co.[1] Walls covered in green burlap Skylight Theodore Roosevelt desk Green drapery Green rug 2 leather "Davenport" sofas Leather armchairs Side chairs covered in leather |
 President Roosevelt's Executive Office, 1904.President Taft used the desk and furniture from President Roosevelt's office. | |
| وودرو ويلسون 1913-1921 |
|
President Wilson rarely used the Oval Office, preferring to work in the Treaty Room.[2] | |||
| وارن هاردنگ 1921-1923 |
|
President Harding died in office on August 2, 1923. This photo, taken on the day of his funeral, shows a mourning crepe tied to his desk chair. | |||
| كالڤن كولدج 1923-1929 |
|
President Coolidge's first official photograph, taken August 15, 1923. | |||
| هربرت هوڤر 1929-1933 |
|
Before fire: Theodore Roosevelt desk After fire: Hoover desk[3] Art Moderne-style sconces 6 cane-back armchairs Upholstered furniture |
President Hoover rebuilt the West Wing after the December 24, 1929 fire. He installed air-conditioning, and replaced the Oval Office's Colonial-Revival lighting fixtures with Art Moderne ones. He replaced the leather sofas and chairs with upholstered furniture, and added the 6 cane-back armchairs that are still used in the modern Oval Office. | ||
| فرانكلن روزڤلت 1933-1945 |
|
Hoover desk | Note the Art Moderne sconces in this 1933 photo. President Roosevelt moved the marble mantel, 2 of the sconces, the rug, drapery, desk, and furniture to the modern Oval Office. |
المكتب البيضاوي الحديث 1934–الآن
| الرئيس | صورة | المصمم | المفروشات | العمل الفني | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| فرانكلين د. روزڤلت 1933-1945 |
|
Eric Gugler 1934 |
Marble mantel (from prior Oval Office) 2 sconces (from prior Oval Office) Hoover desk Green drapery Green rug Arched-back desk chair Arched-back armchairs (against the wall) "Lawson" sofa (against the wall) 6 cane-back armchairs |
George Washington by Rembrandt Peale Prints of the Hudson Valley Ship models |
_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg) George Washington by Rembrandt Peale
|
| هاري ترومان 1945-1953 |
|
Theodore Roosevelt desk Gray drapery Blue-gray rug with the Presidential Seal Television set |
George Washington by Rembrandt Peale George Washington by Luis Cadena (gift of Ecuador)[4] Simón Bolívar by Tito Salas (gift of Venezuela)[5] José de San Martín, copy after Jean Baptiste Madou (gift of Argentina) USS Constitution by Gordon Grant Missouri State Seal plaque Fired On by Frederic Remington Equestrian Statue of Andrew Jackson by Charles Keck Photograph of Franklin Delano Roosevelt by Frank O. Salisbury Jet-airplane models |
 Oval Office replica at Harry S. Truman Presidential Library.
| |
| دوايت أيزنهاور 1953-1961 |
|
مكتب تيودور روزڤلت Truman drapery Truman rug |
Landscape paintings Seated Lincoln by Gutzon Borglum |
 Seated Lincoln by Gutzon Borglum.
| |
| جون كنيدي 1961-1963 |
|
Stéphane Boudin 1963 |
Resolute desk White drapery Red rug Rocking chair 2 white sofas (not against the wall) Round coffee table, with phone attached Replaced sconces with brass lanterns |
USS United States vs. HMS Macedonian by Thomas Birch[6] Paintings of naval battles Photographs of sailboats Ship models |
 First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy restored the Resolute desk. Redecoration of the Oval Office was nearing completion at the time of JFK's assassination.[7] |
| ليندون جونسون 1963-1969 |
|
Johnson desk[8] Truman rug Kennedy drapery Cabinet for teletype Banquette with 3 televisions Kennedy rocking chair Kennedy sofas Round coffee table, with phone in drawer Federal-style tall-case clock Replaced brass lanterns with brass sconces Covered floor with wood-grained linoleum |
George Washington by Gilbert Stuart Andrew Jackson by Thomas Sully Franklin D. Roosevelt by Elizabeth Shoumatoff[9] The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington |
 Franklin D. Roosevelt by Elizabeth Shoumatoff (on mantel).
| |
| ريتشارد نيكسون 1969-1974 |
|
مكتب نيكسون Yellow drapery Royal blue rug |
1st. George Washington by Gilbert Stuart 2nd. George Washington by Rembrandt Peale 3rd. George Washington by Charles Willson Peale The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Bust of Abraham Lincoln by Leo Cherne Bird figurines by Edward Marshall Boehm Earthrise (photograph of the earth from the moon's orbit) |
 Earthrise, December 24, 1968.President Nixon used an office in the Old Executive Office Building as his primary workspace. First Lady Pat Nixon designed the Oval Office's royal blue rug. | |
| جرالد فورد 1974-1977 |
|
Wilson desk Red drapery Yellow floral rug 2 yellow Queen Anne-style armchairs 2 yellow wing chairs 2 striped sofas Seymour tall-case clock Removed the brass sconces |
George Washington by Charles Willson Peale The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay by Victor de Grailly The City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard by George Cooke[10] Benjamin Franklin by Charles Willson Peale Standing Lincoln by Adolph Alexander Weinman The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington |
 President Ford placed the Seymour tall-case clock in the Oval Office.[11]
| |
| جيمي كارتر 1977-1981 |
|
1977 | Resolute desk Ford drapery Ford rug Placed the Ford sofas back-to-back |
George Washington by Charles Willson Peale. The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay by Victor de Grailly The City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard by George Cooke Bust of Benjamin Franklin by Jean-Antoine Houdon Bust of George Washington by Hiram Powers Bust of Thomas Jefferson by Jean-Antoine Houdon The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Bust of Harry S. Truman by Charles Keck Ship model |
 Oval Office replica at Jimmy Carter Library and Museum.
|
| رونالد ريگان 1981-1989 |
|
Ted Graber 1981[12] 1988 |
Resolute desk Ford drapery Replaced the wood floor[13] |
George Washington by Charles Willson Peale. The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay by Victor de Grailly The City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard by George Cooke Andrew Jackson by Thomas Sully The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Rattlesnake by Frederic Remington |
 Oval Office replica at Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.First Lady Nancy Reagan designed the rug.[14] |
| جورج هـ. و. بوش 1989-1993 |
|
Mark Hampton | C&O desk Pale blue drapery Pale blue rug |
George Washington by Rembrandt Peale The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Rutland Falls, Vermont by Frederic Edwin Church The Three Tetons by Thomas Moran Andrew Jackson by Thomas Sully Ship model |
 Oval Office replica at George Bush Presidential Library.
|
| بيل كلينتون 1993-2001 |
|
Kaki Hockersmith | Resolute desk Yellow drapery Navy blue rug |
George Washington by Rembrandt Peale The Avenue in the Rain by Childe Hassam Statue of Liberty by Norman Rockwell The City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard by George Cooke Waiting for the Hour by William Tolman Carlton Andrew Jackson by Thomas Sully The Thinker by Auguste Rodin The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Appeal to the Great Spirit by Cyrus Dallin Bust of Abraham Lincoln by Bust of Franklin D. Roosevelt by Jo Davidson |
 Oval Office replica at William J. Clinton Presidential Library.
|
| جورج بوش 2001-2009 |
|
Ken Blasingame 2001 |
Resolute desk Gold drapery "Sunbeam" rug Replaced the wood floor |
George Washington by Rembrandt Peale. A Charge to Keep by W. H. D. Koerner[15] Rio Grande by Tom Lea[16] Near San Antonio by Julian Onderdonk[17] Chili Queens at the Alamo by Julian Onderdonk[18] Cactus Flower by Julian Onderdonk[19] Abraham Lincoln by George Henry Story The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Rattlesnake by Frederic Remington Bust of Dwight D. Eisenhower by Nison Tregor Bust of Abraham Lincoln by Augustus Saint-Gaudens Bust of Winston Churchill (lent by British Prime Minister Tony Blair) |
 First Lady Laura Bush designed the "Sunbeam" rug.[20]
|
| باراك اوباما 2009–الآن |
|
Michael S. Smith 2010 |
Resolute desk Red drapery Taupe rug with quotes in border Striped wallpaper |
George Washington by Rembrandt Peale The Avenue in the Rain by Childe Hassam Statue of Liberty by Norman Rockwell The Three Tetons by Thomas Moran Abraham Lincoln by George Henry Story The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Bust of Abraham Lincoln by Augustus Saint-Gaudens Bust of Martin Luther King, Jr. by Charles Alston Copy of the Emancipation Proclamation |
 The rug's border incorporates quotes from Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr. |
مكاتب لزعماء العالم الآخرين
- 24 Sussex Drive - المقر الرسمي لرئيس وزراء كندا
- Palácio do Planalto - مكتب رئيس البرازيل
- Schloss Bellevue - المقر الرسمي لرئيس ألمانيا
- Belweder - المقر الرسمي لرئيس پولندا
- Sándor Palace - المقر الرسمي لرئيس المجر
- Casa Rosada - المقر التنفيذي لرئيس الأرجنتين
- La Moneda Palace - المكتب التنفيذي لرئيس تشيلي
- 10 Downing Street - المقر الرسمي للورز الخزانة الأول في المملكة المتحدة.
- قصر الإليزيه - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس فرنسا
- Palazzo del Quirinale - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس إيطاليا
- Langevin Block - مكتب رئيس الوزراء الكندي ومكتب الخاصة
- Merdeka Palace - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس إندونسيا
- Perdana Putra - مكتب رئيس الوزراء الماليزي
- The Lodge (Australia) - المقر الرسمي لرئيس وزراء أستراليا
- Los Pinos - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس المكسيك
- Rashtrapati Bhawan - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس الهند
- Palacio de La Moncloa - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس وزراء إسپانيا
- Malacañan Palace - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس الفلپين
- Casa de Nariño - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس كولومبيا
- Government Palace (Peru) - المقر الرسمي ومكتب رئيس پيرو
- Áras an Uachtaráin - المقر الرسمي لرئيس أيرلندا
- Government House of Thailand - مكتب رئيس وزراء تايلاند
المصادر
- ^ Monkman, p. 198.
- ^ Seale, The President's House, p. 812.
- ^ After the fire, the president used "the great mahogany desk presented to Hoover by furniture makers in Grand Rapids." Seale, The President's House, p. 918.
- ^ George Washington by Luis Cadena from White House Historical Association.
- ^ Simón Bolívar by Tito Salas from Harry S. Truman Presidential Library.
- ^ USS United States vs. HMS Macedonian (1813) from Sotheby's Auction, 22 May 2008.
- ^ Kennedy Oval Office from White House Museum. Scroll to bottom for photo.
- ^ President Johnson used the same desk he had used as a U.S. Senator and Vice-President.
- ^ FDR by Elizabeth Shoumatoff from White House Historical Association.
- ^ City of Washington from Wikimedia Commons.
- ^ Seymour tall-case clock from White House Historical Association.
- ^ "Oval Office has new face for Reagan," from Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, September 5, 1981.
- ^ Oval Office Flooring from HuffPostLive.
- ^ "Easy come, easy go," from Chicago Tribune.
- ^ A Charge to Keep from Wikimedia Commons. Lent by the Bush Family.
- ^ "Mrs. Bush's Remarks for 100th Anniversary of the West Wing Symposium". - White House Historical Association. - November 13, 2002. - | Light from the Sky: A Tom Lea Retrospective, 1907–2001. - Mid-America Arts Alliance. - (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document). - Retrieved: 2008-07-05 Lent by the El Paso Museum.
- ^ Lent by the San Antonio Museum of Art."Julian Onderdonk" from Questroyal Fine Art, LLC.
- ^ Lent by the Witte Museum.
- ^ Lent by the Witte Museum.
- ^ "Bush weaves Rug story into many an occasion," from The Washington Post, March 7, 2006.
قراءات إضافية
- Portions of this article are based on public domain text from the White House.
- The White House: An Historic Guide. White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 2001. ISBN 0-912308-79-6.
- Abbott James A., and Elaine M. Rice. Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration. Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1998. ISBN 0-442-02532-7.
- Clinton, Hillary Rodham. An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History. Simon & Schuster: 2000. ISBN 0-684-85799-5.
- Monkman, Betty C. The White House: The Historic Furnishing & First Families. Abbeville Press: 2000. ISBN 0-7892-0624-2.
- Ryan, William and Desmond Guinness. The White House: An Architectural History. McGraw Hill Book Company: 1980. ISBN 0-07-054352-6.
- Seale, William. The President's House. White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 1986. ISBN 0-912308-28-1.
- Seale, William, The White House: The History of an American Idea. White House Historical Association: 1992, 2001. ISBN 0-912308-85-0.
- West, J.B. with Mary Lynn Kotz. Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies. Coward, McCann & Geoghegan: 1973. SBN 698-10546-X.
وصلات خارجية
- Oval Office historical photo essay
- Pictures of the Oval Office during different presidencies (1909–2005)
- Washington Post: "Inside the Real West Wing"
- Oval Office and Presidential desks
- White House Museum online tour: the Oval Office
- The Oval Office on Whitehouse.gov
- Google Sketchup 3D Model
- 2010 Oval Office Makeover
- An Office Fitted for a President — slideshow by The New York Times
- Quality West Wing — includes an exact replica of the Oval Office, in Corona, California
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الكلمات الدالة: