حرب المحيط الهادي

هذا المقال هو عن مسارح الهادي في الحرب العالمية الثانية. إذا كنت تريد الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر حرب المحيط الهادي (توضيح).

"الحرب في المحيط الهادي" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة الحرب بين تشيلى وبوليڤيا وپيرو في 1879–1884، انظر حرب الهادي.

"مسرح الهادي في الحرب العالمية الثانية" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة منطقة العمليات العسكرية الأمريكية، انظر مناطق المحيط الهادي. For الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر مسرح الهادي.

حرب المحيط الهادي Pacific War جزء من الحرب العالمية الثانية Clockwise from top left: US marines raise the flag over Iwo Jima Japanese naval aircraft prepare for takeoff to attack Pearl Harbor يوإس‌إس Bunker Hill after being struck by kamikazes Indian soldiers during the Burma campaign Japanese soldiers in China during Operation Ichi-Go Mushroom cloud over Nagasaki التاريخ 7 ديسمبر 1941 – 2 سبتمبر 1945 (3 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) الموقع شرق آسيا جنوب آسيا جنوب شرق آسيا أوقيانوسيا غرب المحيط الهادي، والجزر والبلدان التابعة لهم جزء من المحيط الهندي لفترة قصيرة. النتيجة انتصار الحلفاء نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية سقوط امبراطورية اليابان. استئناف الحرب الأهلية الصينية. إضعاف كبير للقوى الاستعمارية الاوروپية، إزالة تدريجية للاستعمار عن آسيا First Indochina War الثورة الوطنية الإندونسية وحرب الهند الصينية الأولى) Korean War 1951 Treaty of San Francisco 1956 Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration التغيرات الإقليمية احتلال الحلفاء لليابان. جلاء جميع القوات اليابانية التي كانت تحتل جمهورية الصين. إعادة تايوان إلى الصين. تحرير كوريا ومنشوريا من الحكم الياباني، وأعقب ذلك تقسيم كوريا. تحويل جميع الجزر اليابانية في وسط المحيط الهادي، مثل جزر ماريانا، جزر المارشال، جزر كارولين، وجزر پالاو إلى وصاية الأمم المتحدة. جلاء جميع القوات اليابانية التي كانت تحت الحكم الأسترالي، مثل جزر سليمان، پاپوا غينيا الجديدة، الجزر الأميرالية، وأرخبيل بيسمارك. استيلاء الاتحاد السوڤيتي على سخالين وجزر كوريل. Seizure and annexation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands by the Soviet Union المتحاربون القوات الرئيسية المتحالفة الولايات المتحدة كومنولث الفلپين جمهورية الصين المملكة المتحدة ماليزيا البريطانية الراج البريطاني أستراليا هولندا جزر الهند الشرقية الهولندية نيوزيلندا الاتحاد السوڤيتي (1945) قوى المحور الرئيسية إمبراطورية اليابان مانشوكو Wang Jingwei regime الجمهورية الفلپينية الثاني Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind تايلند القادة والزعماء دوگلاس مكارثر Chester W. Nimitz جورج ج. مارشال إرنست كينگ هنري أرنولد ألكسندر "أرتشي " ڤاندرگريفت Chiang Kai-shek چن چنگ هي ينگكين سن ليرن Archibald Wavell Louis, Lord Mountbatten وليام سليم توماس بالمي Hein ter Poorten إلكسندر ڤاسيلڤسكي Kotohito Kan'in Hajime Sugiyama Hideki Tojo Isoroku Yamamoto  † Yoshijirō Umezu Osami Nagano Shigetarō Shimada Koshirō Oikawa Plaek Pibulsonggram Zhang Jinghui Subhas Chandra Bose القوى 14,000,000 3,621,383+ (1945) 2,000,000 1,669,500 (1945) 600,000 400,000 140,000 7,800,000–7,900,000 (1945) 126,500 , , قالب:Country data Azad Hind and others: ~1,000,000+ (1945) الضحايا والخسائر ≈4,000,000 قتيل عسكري (1937-45) ≈17,000,000 civilian deaths (1937-45) ≈2,000,000 Japanese military deaths (1937-45) ~960,000+ civilian casualties

حرب المحيط الهادي Pacific War، وتسمى أحيانا حرب المحيط آسيا-الهادي هي جزء من الحرب العالمية الثانية وقعت في المحيط الهادي، والجزر التابعة له، وفي منطقة شرق آسيا، والتي يطلق عليها حاليا الشرق الأقصى. يستخدم مصطلح حرب المحيط الهدي ليضم مسرح عمليات المحيط الهادي ومسرح عمليات غرب المحيط الهادي وومسرح عمليات جنوب شرق آسيا والحرب الصينية اليابانية الثانية، ويشمل أيضا النزاع السوڤيتي الياباني 1945.

بدأت أحداث حرب المحيط الهدي في 7/8 ديسمبر 1941 مع الغزو الياباني لتايلاند حتى الغزو البريطاني لمالايا، والهجوم على پيرل هاربر في أراضي هاواي الأمريكية من قبل اليابان. ويعتبر بعض المؤرخون أن الصراح في آسيا قد بدأ في 7 يوليو 1937، مع نشوب الحرب الصينية اليابانية الثانية بين إمبراطورية اليابان وجمهورية الصين، أو ربما 19 سبتمبر 1931، بداية من الغزو الياباني لمنشوريا. ومع ذلك، فالأكثر قبولاً هو اعتبار تاريخ بداية الحرب في أوائل ديسمبر 1941، مع نشوب الحرب الصينية اليابانية التي أصبحت جزء من حرب المحيط الهادي، باعتباره مسرحاً للعمليات للعسكرية في المحيط الهادي في الحرب العالمية الثانية.

The Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter aided by Thailand and to a lesser extent by the Axis powers, Germany and Italy. The Japanese achieved great success in the initial phase of the campaign, but were gradually driven back using an island hopping strategy. The Allies adopted a Europe first stance, giving first priority to defeating Nazi Germany, but still managed to bring to bear the vast industrial might of the United States. The Japanese had great difficulty replacing their losses in ships and aircraft, while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Japan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 1945 and was occupied by the Allies. Japan lost its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.

خريطة توضح المواقع الرئيسية للصراع
وإنزالات الحلفاء في المحيط الهادي، 1942-45.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 استعراض

The Pacific War Council as photographed on 12 October 1942. Pictured are representatives من الولايات المتحدة (جالساً)، وأستراليا وكندا ونيوزيلندا، والمملكة المتحدة والصين، وهولندا وكومنولث الفلبين

 أسماء الحرب

In Allied countries during the war, the "Pacific War" was not usually distinguished from World War II, or was known simply as the War against Japan. In the United States, the term Pacific Theater was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the China-Burma-India Theater to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific Theater during the conflict.

Japan used the name Greater East Asia War (大東亜戦争code: ja is deprecated , Dai Tō-A Sensō), as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–China Incident (日支事変code: ja is deprecated , Nisshi Jihen) into the Greater East Asia War. During the Occupation of Japan (1945–52), these terms were prohibited in official documents (although their informal usage continued). The war became officially known as the Pacific War (太平洋戦争code: ja is deprecated , Taiheiyō Sensō). The Fifteen Years' War (十五年戦争code: ja is deprecated , Jūgonen Sensō) is also used, referring to the period from the Mukden Incident of 1931 through 1945.

 المشاركون

Generalissimo تشيانگ كاي-شك، القائد الأعلى لقوات الحلفاء في مسرح عمليات الصين من 1942–1945.

الخريطة السياسية لمنطقة آسيا-المحيط الهادي، 1939.

 الحلفاء

The major Allied participants were China, the United States and the British Empire. China had already been engaged in a bloody war against Japan since 1937. The US and its territories, including the Philippine Commonwealth, entered the war after being attacked by Japan. The British Empire was also a major belligerent consisting of British troops along with large numbers of colonial troops from the armed forces of India as well as from Burma, Malaya, Fiji, Tonga; in addition to troops from Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The Dutch government-in-exile (as the possessor of the Dutch East Indies) was also involved. All of these were members of the Pacific War Council. From 1944 the French commando group Corps Léger d'Intervention also took part in resistance operations in Indochina. Some active pro-allied guerrillas in Asia included the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army, the Korean Liberation Army, the Free Thai Movement, the Việt Minh, and the Hukbalahap.

The Soviet Union fought two short, undeclared border conflicts with Japan in 1938 and again in 1939, then remained neutral through the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact of April 1941, until August 1945 when it (and Mongolia) joined the rest of the Allies and invaded the territory of Manchukuo, China, Inner Mongolia, the Japanese protectorate of Korea and Japanese-claimed territory such as South Sakhalin.

Mexico provided air support in the form of the 201st Fighter Squadron and Free France sent naval support in the form of Le Triomphant and later the Richelieu.

 Axis powers and aligned states

The Axis-aligned states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand. Also involved were members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which included the Manchukuo Imperial Army and Collaborationist Chinese Army of the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo (consisting of most of Manchuria), and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime (which controlled the coastal regions of China), respectively. In the Burma campaign, the anti-British Indian National Army and the Burma National Army fought alongside their Japanese allies.

Japan conscripted many soldiers from its colonies of Korea and Taiwan. Collaborationist security units were also formed in Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, British Malaya, British Borneo, former French Indochina (after the overthrow of the French regime in 1945), as well as Timorese militia.

Germany and Italy both had limited involvement in the Pacific War. The German and the Italian navies operated submarines and raiding ships in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, notably the Monsun Gruppecode: la is deprecated .

 مسارح العمليات

Between 1942 and 1945, there were four main areas of conflict in the Pacific War: China, the Central Pacific, South-East Asia and the South West Pacific. US sources refer to two theaters within the Pacific War: the Pacific theater and the China Burma India Theater (CBI). However, these were not operational commands.

In the Pacific, the Allies divided operational control of their forces between two supreme commands, known as Pacific Ocean Areas and Southwest Pacific Area.

The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) did not integrate its units into permanent theater commands. The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), which had already created the Kwantung Army to oversee its occupation of Manchukuo and the China Expeditionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War, created the Southern Expeditionary Army Group at the outset of its conquests of South East Asia. This headquarters controlled the bulk of the Japanese Army formations which opposed the Western Allies in the Pacific and South East Asia.

 خلفية تاريخية

 الصراع بين الصين واليابان

المقالة الرئيسية: لحرب الصينية اليابانية الثانية

In 1931, without declaring war, Japan invaded Manchuria, seeking raw materials to fuel its growing industrial economy. By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and it was ready to move deeper into China. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The Nationalist Party and the Chinese Communists suspended their civil war in order to form a nominal alliance against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly lent support by providing large amounts of materiel to Chinese troops. In August 1937, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to fight about 300,000 Japanese troops in Shanghai, but, after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back, capturing the capital Nanjing in December 1937 and conducted the Nanjing Massacre. In March 1938, Nationalist forces won their first victory at Taierzhuang, but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by the Japanese in May. In June 1938, Japan deployed about 350,000 troops to invade Wuhan and captured it in October. The Japanese achieved major military victories, but world opinion—in particular in the US—condemned Japan, especially after the Panay incident.

In 1939, Japanese forces tried to push into the Soviet Far East. They were soundly defeated in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol by a mixed Soviet and Mongolian force led by Georgy Zhukov. This stopped Japanese expansion to the north, and Soviet aid to China ended as a result of the signing of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact. In September 1940, Japan decided to invade French Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three main Axis Powers.

Chinese casualties of a mass panic during a June 1941 Japanese aerial bombing of Chongqing

The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at the Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang, 1st Battle of Changsha, Battle of Kunlun Pass and Battle of Zaoyi. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed in late March 1940. In August 1940, Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation, Japan instituted the "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas.

By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at Chongqing while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.

Japan sponsored several puppet governments, one of which was headed by Wang Jingwei. However, its policies of brutality toward the Chinese population, of not yielding any real power to these regimes, and of supporting several rival governments failed to make any of them a viable alternative to the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek. Conflicts between Chinese Communist and Nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941, effectively ending their co-operation.

Japanese strategic bombing efforts mostly targeted large Chinese cities such as Shanghai, Wuhan, and Chongqing, with around 5,000 raids from February 1938 to August 1943 in the later case. Japan's strategic bombing campaigns devastated Chinese cities extensively, killing 260,000–350,934 non-combatants.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 التوترات بين اليابان والقوى الغربية

As early as 1935, Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were, because of their oil reserves, important to Japan. By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indochina, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese troop build-ups in Hainan, Taiwan, and Haiphong were noted, IJA officers were openly talking about war, and Admiral Sankichi Takahashi was reported as saying a showdown with the US was necessary.

In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the US, Britain, and the Dutch government in exile, which controlled the Dutch East Indies, stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan. In Japan, the government and nationalists viewed these embargoes as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy would grind to a halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists, began to refer to the embargoes as the "ABCD line" ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch").

 التحضيرات اليابانية

تطلبت خطة الشرق:

• هجمات أولية على الأسطول الأمريكي في المحيط الهادي في پيرل هاربر، هاواي، وحاملة طائراتمعتمدة على الأسطول المشترك.
• تلى تلك الهجمات:
  • الاستيلاء على الفلپين،
  • قطع خطوط الاتصال الأمريكية عن طريق الاستيلاء على گوام وويك.

تطلبت الخطة الجنوبية:

• الهجوم على المالايا وهونگ كونگ
• تلى ذلك الهجوم على:
  • أرخبيل بسمارك
  • جاوة
  • سومطرة
• عزل أستراليا ونيوزيلندا

 الهجمات الياباني على القوى الغربية

انظر أيضاً: البحرية اليابانية في الحرب العالمية الثانية

 الهجوم على پيرل هاربر

المقالة الرئيسية: الهجوم على پيرل هاربر

يوإس‌إس Arizona burned for two days after being hit by a Japanese bomb in the attack on Pearl Harbor.

 الهجمات اليابانية، 1941–42

HMS Prince of Wales (left, front) and HMS Repulse (left, rear) under attack by Japanese aircraft. A destroyer is in the foreground.

Japanese battleships Yamashiro, Fuso and Haruna (more distant)

قصف داروين، النمسا، 19 فبراير 1942

 مسرح عمليات أستراليا

Dutch and Australian PoWs at Tarsau, in تايلند in 1943. 22,000 Australians were captured by the Japanese; 8000 died as POWs.

U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, Commander of Allied forces in the Pacific, with Prime Minister John Curtin.

 اعادة تجميع الحلفاء

بعد تكتم أخبار أول هزيمة بحرية لليابان في 1942، صدر هذا الملصق الپروپاگندا بعنوان "أخطبوط الإمپريالية يُدحر في أرجاء المحيط الهادي.

 بحر الكورال وميدوي: نقطة التحول

المقالة الرئيسية: معركة بحر الكورال and معركة ميدواي

لكسنگتون مشتعلة في بحر كورال

التقدم الياباني حتى منتصف-1942

Hiryū under attack by B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 غينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان

المقالة الرئيسية: حملة غينيا الجديدة and حملة جزر سليمان

المارينز الأمريكان يسترحون في الميدان أثناء حملة گوادال كانال في نوفمبر 1942

 گوادال كانال

المقالة الرئيسية: حملة گوادال كانال

 تقدم الحلفاء في غينيا الجديدة وجزر سليمان

الكوماندوز الأسترالي في جزر سليمان أثناء يوليو 1943

 المأزق في الصين وجنوب شرق آسيا

المقالة الرئيسية: الحرب الصينية اليابانية الثانية and حملة بورما 1942–1943

القوات الصينية أثناء معركة چانگده نوفمبر 1943.

 هجمات الحلفاء، 1943–44

زعماء الحلفاء في مسرحي آسيا والهادي: الجنراليسيمو چيانگ كاي-شك، فرانكلن روزڤلت، وونستون تشرشل يلتقون في مؤتمر القاهرة في 1943.

 حرب الغواصات

المقالة الرئيسية: غواضات الحلفاء في الحرب العالمية الثانية

The torpedoed Japanese destroyer, Yamakaze, as seen through the periscope of an American submarine, Nautilus, in June 1942

The Japanese submarine I-400. The Sen Toku I-400 class were the largest non-nuclear submarines ever constructed. Japanese submarines were not used to their full potential during the Pacific War.

 الهجوم الياباني المضاد في الصين 1944

المقالة الرئيسية: العملية إچي-گو

 الهجوم الياباني على الهند 1944

المقالة الرئيسية: حملة بورما 1944

Chinese forces on M3 Stuart tanks on the Ledo Road

 بداية النهاية في المحيط الهادي 1944

 سايپان وبحر الفلپين

المقالة الرئيسية: معركة سايپان and معركة بحر الفلپين

حاملة الطائرات اليابانية زوي‌كاكو ومدمرتان يتعرضن لهجوم في معركة بحر الفلپين.

 خليج ليته 1944

المقالة الرئيسية: معركة خليج ليته

حاملات الطائرات اليابانية Zuikaku، يسار، و(ربما) Zuiho يتعرضن لهجوم من القاذفات الغاطسة في بداية المعركة مقابل رأس إنگانيو.

 الفلپين 1944–45

الجنرال دگلس مكارثر يخوض متجها للشاطئ في ليته

المقالة الرئيسية: حملة الفلپين (1944–45)

القوات الأمريكية تقترب من المواقع اليابانية بالقرب من باگويو، لوسون، 23 مارس 1945

 المراحل النهائية

انظر أيضاً: نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية في المحيط الهادي

 إيوا جيما، فبراير 1945

المقالة الرئيسية: معركة إيوا جيما

 هجمات الحلفاء على بورما 1944–45

المقالة الرئيسية: حملة بورما 1944-1945

المارينز الملكي البريطاني أثناء إنزله على رامري

قوات گورخا من الجيش الرابع عشر يعبرون نهر إراوادي في 27 يناير 1945.

 تحرير بورنيو

US LVTs land Australian soldiers at Balikpapan on 7 July 1945

المقالة الرئيسية: حملة بورنيو (1945)

 اوكيناوا

USS Bunker Hill burns after being hit by two kamikazes. في أوكيناوا تسبب الكاميكازى في مقتل 4900 أمريكي.

المقالة الرئيسية: معركة اوكيناوا

 الإبرار في الجزر اليابانية

المقالة الرئيسية: حملة اليابان

 الغزو السوڤيتي والقنبلة الذرية

المقالة الرئيسية: الهجوم النووي على هيروشيما وناگاساكي, الحرب السوڤيتية اليابانية (1945), and الغزو السوڤيتي لمنشوريا (1945)

سحابة الفطر من الانفجار النووي فوق ناگاساكي ارتفعت 18 كم في عنان السماء، في صبيحة 9 أغسطس 1945.

 الاستسلام

دگلس مكارثر يوقع وثيقة استسلام اليابان على سطح يوإس‌إس Missouri، 2 سبتمبر 1945.

The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to" the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers", the Emperor broadcast to the nation and to the world at large the rescript of surrender, ending the Second World War.

"Should We continue to fight, it would not only result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization." -Emperor Hirohito.

In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship يوإس‌إس Missouri, in Tokyo Bay. The surrender was accepted by General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, with representatives of several Allied nations, from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu and Yoshijiro Umezu.

بعد تلك الفترة، ذهب مكارثر إلى طوكيو ليشرف على تنمية البلد بعد الحرب. هذه الفترة في التاريخ الياباني تُعرف بإسم الاحتلال.

 جرائم الحرب

المقالة الرئيسية: جرائم الحرب اليابانية, محكمة طوكيو لجرائم الحرب, and جرائم حرب الحلفاء أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية

Leonard Siffleet, an Australian POW, moments before his execution

 حملات المحيط الهادي

 الحرب الصينية اليابانية

قبل عام 1941 وإدراجها ضمن حرب المحيط الهادي:

• 1937-07-07 – 1937-07-09 حادث جسر ماركو پولو
• 1937-08-13 – 1937-11-26 معركة شنغهاي
• 1937-09-01 – 1937-11-09 معركة تاييوان
• 1937-12-09 – 1938-01-31 معاركة نانينگ
• 1938-03-24 – 1938-05-01 Battle of Xuzhou
• 1938-06-11 – 1938-10-27 Battle of Wuhan
• 1939-03-17 – 1939-05-09 معركة نانچانگ
• 1939-04-20 - 1939-05-24 Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang
• 1939-09-13 - 1939-10-08 Battle of Changsha (1939)
• 1939-11-15 - 1940-11-30 Battle of South Guangxi
• 1940-05-01 - 1940-06-18 Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang
• 1941-01-30 - 1941-03-01 Battle of South Henan
• 1941-03-14 - 1941-04-09 Battle of Shanggao
• 1941-05-07 – 1941-05-27 Battle of South Shanxi
• 1941-09-06 - 1941-10-08 Battle of Changsha (1941)

بعد إدراجهم في حرب المحيط الهادي:

• 1941-02-24 - 1942-01-15 Battle of Changsha (1942)
• 1942-05-14 - 1942-09-07 Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign
• 1943-05-12 - 1943-06-03 Battle of West Hubei
• 1943-11-02 - 1943-12-20 Battle of Changde
• 1944-04-17 - 1944-12-10 Operation Ichi-Go
• 1945-04-09 - 1945-06-07 Battle of West Hunan

حرب الحدود الفرنسية اليابانية

• 1940-09-22 – 1940-09-25 معركة لانگ سن
• 1940-09-24 – 1940-09-26 قصف هاي فونگ

الحرب الفرنسية التايلندية

• October 1940 – 9 May 1941

نزاعات الحدود السوڤيتية اليابانية

• 1938-07-29 – 1938-08-11 Battle of Lake Khasan
• 1939-05-11 – 1939-09-16 Battles of Khalkhin Gol

 الاحتلال الياباني لجنوب شرق آسيا والهادي

• 1941-12-07 (12-08 Asian Time) Attack on Pearl Harbor
• 1941-12-08 Japanese invasion of Thailand
• 1941-12-08 Battle of Guam (1941)
• 1941-12-07 Japan declares war on the United States and the United Kingdom; 1941-12-08 The United States and the United Kingdom declare war on Japan
• 1941-12-08 – 1941-12-25 Battle of Hong Kong
• 1941-12-08 – 1942-01-31 Malayan Campaign
• 1941-12-10 Sinking of إتش‌إم‌إس Prince of Wales and إتش‌إم‌إس Repulse
• 1941-12-11 – 1941-12-24 Battle of Wake Island
• 1941-12-16 – 1942-04-01 Battle of Borneo (1941–42)
• 1941-12-22 – 1942-05-06 Battle of the Philippines
• 1942-01-01 – 1945-10-25 Transport of POWs via hell ships
• 1942-01-11 – 1942-01-12 Battle of Tarakan
• 1942-01-23 Battle of Rabaul (1942)
• 1942-01-24 Battle of Balikpapan (1942)
• 1942-01-25 تايلند declares war on the Allies
• 1942-01-30 – 1942-02-03 Battle of Ambon
• 1942-01-30 – 1942-02-15 Battle of Singapore
• 1942-02-04 Battle of Makassar Strait
• 1942-02-14 – 1942-02-15 Battle of Palembang
• 1942-02-19 Air raids on Darwin, Australia
• 1942-02-19 – 1942-02-20 Battle of Badung Strait
• 1942-02-19 – 1943-02-10 Battle of Timor (1942-43)
• 1942-02-27 – 1942-03-01 Battle of the Java Sea
• 1942-03-01 Battle of Sunda Strait
• 1942-03-01 – 1942-03-09 Battle of Java
• 1942-03-31 Battle of Christmas Island
• 1942-03-31 – 1942-04-10 Indian Ocean raid
• 1942-04-09 Bataan Death March begins
• 1942-04-18 Doolittle Raid
• 1942-05-03 Japanese invasion of Tulagi
• 1942-05-04 – 1942-05-08 Battle of the Coral Sea
• 1942-05-31 – 1942-06-08 Attacks on Sydney Harbour area, Australia
• 1942-06-04 – 1942-06-06 Battle of Midway

 هجمات الحلفاء

See Atlas of Battle Fronts from July 1943 to August 1945 at Half-Month intervals
1943-07-01	1943-12-01	1944-05-01
1944-11-01	1945-03-01	1945-08-01

South East Asian campaigns: 1941-12-08 – 1945-08-15

• Burma Campaign: 1941-12-16 – 1945-08-15
• 1945-05-15 – 1945-05-16 Battle of the Malacca Strait

حملة غينيا الجديدة

• 1942-01-23 – Battle of Rabaul
• 1942-03-07 – Operation Mo (Japanese invasion of mainland New Guinea)
• 1942-05-04 – 1942-05-08 Battle of the Coral Sea
• 1942-07-01 – 1943-01-31 Kokoda Track Campaign
• 1942-08-25 – 1942-09-05 Battle of Milne Bay
• 1942-11-19 – 1943-01-23 Battle of Buna-Gona
• 1943-01-28 – 1943-01-30 Battle of Wau
• 1943-03-02 – 1943-03-04 Battle of the Bismarck Sea
• 1943-06-29 – 1943-09-16 Battle of Lae
• 1943-06-30 – 1944-03-25 Operation Cartwheel
• 1943-09-19 – 1944-04-24 Finisterre Range campaign
• 1943-09-22 – 1944-01-15 Huon Peninsula campaign
• 1943-11-01 – 1943-11-11 Attack on Rabaul
• 1943-12-15 – 1945-08-15 New Britain campaign
• 1944-02-29 – 1944-03-25 Admiralty Islands campaign
• 1944-04-22 – 1945-08-15 Western New Guinea campaign

حملة مدغشقر

• 1942-05-05 – 1942-11-06 Battle of Madagascar

Aleutian Islands Campaign

• 1942-06-06 – 1943-08-15 Battle of the Aleutian Islands
• 1942-06-07 – 1943-08-15 Battle of Kiska
• 1943-03-26 – Battle of the Komandorski Islands

Guadalcanal Campaign

• 1942-08-07 – 1943-02-09 Battle of Guadalcanal
• 1942-08-09 Battle of Savo Island
• 1942-08-24 – 1942-08-25 Battle of the Eastern Solomons
• 1942-10-11 – 1942-10-12 Battle of Cape Esperance
• 1942-10-25 – 1942-10-27 Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands
• 1942-11-13 – 1942-11-15 Naval Battle of Guadalcanal
• 1942-11-30 Battle of Tassafaronga

حملة جزر سليمان

• 1943-01-29 – 1943-01-30 Battle of Rennell Island
• 1943-03-06 Battle of Blackett Strait
• 1943-06-10 – 1943-08-25 New Georgia Campaign
• 1943-07-06 Battle of Kula Gulf
• 1943-07-12 – 1943-07-13 Battle of Kolombangara
• 1943-08-06 – 1943-08-07 Battle of Vella Gulf
• 1943-08-17 – 1943-08-18 Battle off Horaniu
• 1943-08-15 – 1943-10-09 Land Battle of Vella Lavella
• 1943-10-06 Naval Battle of Vella Lavella
• 1943-11-01 – 1945-08-21 Battle of Bougainville
• 1943-11-01 – 1943-11-02 Battle of Empress Augusta Bay
• 1943-11-26 Battle of Cape St. George

حملة جزر گيلبرت والمارشال

• 1943-11-20 – 1943-11-23 Battle of Tarawa
• 1943-11-20 – 1943-11-24 Battle of Makin
• 1944-01-31 – 1944-02-07 Battle of Kwajalein
• 1944-02-16 – 1944-02-17 Attack on Truk
• 1944-02-16 – 1944-02-23 Battle of Eniwetok

قصف جنوب شرق آسيا 1944-45

• Operation Cockpit 1944-04-19
• Operation Transom 1944-05-17
• Bombing of Bangkok 1944-05-20
• Operation Matterhorn 1944-06-05 – May 1945
• Operation Meridian 1945-01-24 – 1945-01-29

حملة جزر ماريانا وپاولاو

• 1944-06-15 – 1944-07-09 Battle of Saipan
• 1944-06-19 – 1944-06-20 Battle of the Philippine Sea
• 1944-07-21 – 1944-08-10 Battle of Guam
• 1944-07-24 – 1944-08-01 Battle of Tinian
• 1944-09-15 – 1944-11-25 Battle of Peleliu
• 1944-09-17 – 1944-09-30 Battle of Angaur

حملة الفليپين

• 1944-10-20 – 1944-12-10 Battle of Leyte
• 1944-10-24 – 1944-10-25 Battle of Leyte Gulf
• 1944-11-11 – 1944-12-21 Battle of Ormoc Bay
• 1944-12-15 – 1945-07-04 Battle of Luzon
• 1945-01-09 Invasion of Lingayen Gulf
• 1945-01-31 – 1945-02-08 Recapture of Bataan
• 1945-02-03 – 1945-03-03 Battle of Manila
• 1945-03-18 – 1945-07-30 Battle of the Visayas
• 1945-03-10 – 1945-08-15 Battle of Mindanao

Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign

• 1945-02-16 – 1945-03-26 Battle of Iwo Jima
• 1945-04-01 – 1945-06-21 Battle of Okinawa
• 1945-04-07 Operation Ten-Go

حملة برونوي

• 1945-05-01 – 1945-05-25 Battle of Tarakan
• 1945-06-10 – 1945-06-15 Battle of Brunei
• 1945-06-10 – 1945-06-22 Battle of Labuan
• 1945-06-17 – 1945-08-15 Battle of North Borneo
• 1945-07-07 – 1945-07-21 Battle of Balikpapan

حملة اليابان

• 1945-07-22 معركة خليج طوكيو
• 1945-08-06 – 1945-08-09 الهجوم النووي على هيروشيما وناجازاكي

الغزو السوڤيتي لمنشوريا

• 1945-08-08 – 1945-09-02 الغزو السوڤيتي لمنشوريا

 مناطق القيادة

• القيادة الأمريكية:
  • Pacific Ocean Areas
  • South West Pacific Area
• القيادة البريطانية والحلفاء:
  • GHQ India, commanding the British Army in India
  • الأسطول الشرقي
  • American-British-Dutch-Australian Command
  • قيادة جنوب شرق آسيا
  • Far East Command (Soviet Union), the Soviet command during the war against Japan in 1945
• القيادة اليابانية:
  • Japanese Combined Fleet, the Japanese command which oversaw naval operations
  • Southern Expeditionary Army Group, the Japanese army command in the South West Pacific and South East Asia

 انظر أيضاً

	بوابة الحرب العالمية الثانية
	بوابة حرب
	بوابة تاريخ

• مسرح عمليات اوروپا في الحرب العالمية الثانية
• Dissent in the Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan
• European theatre of World War II
• Hull note
• Japanese-American service in World War II
• Japanese holdouts
• Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan
• Nanshin-ron
• Pacific Theater aircraft carrier operations during World War II
• Pacific War campaigns
• War Plan Orange
• Yasukuni Shrine
• خط زمني لمسرح عمليات المحيط الهادي في الحرب العالمية الثانية

 المصادر

• Eric M. Bergerud, Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific (2000)
• Clay Blair, Jr. Silent Victory. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975 (submarine war).
• Thomas Buell, Master of Seapower: A Biography of Admiral Ernest J. King Naval Institute Press, 1976.
• Thomas Buell, The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance. 1974.
• John Costello, The Pacific War. 1982.
• Wesley Craven, and James Cate, eds. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942. University of Chicago Press, 1958. Official history; Vol. 4, The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944. 1950; Vol. 5, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. 1953.
• Dunnigan, James F., and Albert A. Nofi. The Pacific War Encyclopedia. Facts on File, 1998. 2 vols. 772p.
• Harry A. Gailey.' 'The War in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay (1995)
• Gordon, David M. "The China-Japan War, 1931-1945" Journal of Military History (January 2006) v 70#1, pp 137–82. Historiographical overview of major books
• Seki, Eiji. (2006). Mrs. Ferguson's Tea-Set, Japan and the Second World War: The Global Consequences Following Germany's Sinking of the SS Automedon in 1940. London: Global Oriental. 10-ISBN 1-905246-28-5; 13- ISBN 978-1-905246-28-1 (cloth) (reprinted by University of Hawaii Press), Honolulu, 2007. previously announced as Sinking of the SS Automedon and the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation.
• Saburo Hayashi and Alvin Coox. Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War. Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Assoc., 1959.
• William B. Hopkins. The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players that Won the War (2010)
• James C. Hsiung and Steven I. Levine, eds. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945 M. E. Sharpe, 1992
• Ch'i Hsi-sheng, Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945 University of Michigan Press, 1982
• Rikihei Inoguchi, Tadashi Nakajima, and Robert Pineau. The Divine Wind. Ballantine, 1958. Kamikaze.
• S. Woodburn Kirby, The War Against Japan. 4 vols. London: H.M.S.O., 1957-1965. Official Royal Navy history.
• L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
• William M. Leary, We Shall Return: MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan. University Press of Kentucky, 1988.
• Gavin Long, Australia in the War of 1939–45, Army. Vol. 7, The Final Campaigns. Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1963.
• Dudley McCarthy, Australia in the War of 1939–45, Army. Vol. 5, South-West Pacific Area—First Year: Kokoda to Wau. Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1959.
• D. Clayton James, The Years of MacArthur. Vol. 2. Houghton Mifflin, 1972.
• Maurice Matloff and Edwin M. Snell Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare 1941–1942, United States Army Center of Military History, Washington, D. C., 1990
• Miller, Edward S. (2007). War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897-1945. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1591145007. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961; Vol. 4, Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions. 1949; Vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal. 1949; Vol. 6, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier. 1950; Vol. 7, Aleutians, Gilberts, and Marshalls. 1951; Vol. 8, New Guinea and the Marianas. 1962; Vol. 12, Leyte. 1958; vol. 13, The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas. 1959; Vol. 14, Victory in the Pacific. 1961.
• Masatake Okumiya, and Mitso Fuchida. Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan. Naval Institute Press, 1955.
• E. B. Potter, and Chester W. Nimitz. Triumph in the Pacific. Prentice Hall, 1963. Naval battles
• E. B. Potter, Bull Halsey Naval Institute Press, 1985.
• E. B. Potter, Nimitz. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1976.
• John D. Potter, Yamamoto 1967.
• Gordon W. Prange, Donald Goldstein, and Katherine Dillon. At Dawn We Slept. Penguin, 1982. Pearl Harbor
• ——, et al. Miracle at Midway. Penguin, 1982.
• ——, et al. Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History.
• Seki, Eiji (2007). Sinking of the SS Automedon And the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 1905246285. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Henry Shaw, and Douglas Kane. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 2, Isolation of Rabaul. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1963
• Henry Shaw, Bernard Nalty, and Edwin Turnbladh. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, Central Pacific Drive. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1953.
• E.B. Sledge, With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa. Presidio, 1981. Memoir.
• J. Douglas Smith, and Richard Jensen. World War II on the Web: A Guide to the Very Best Sites. (2002)
• Ronald Spector, Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan Free Press, 1985.
• John Toland, The Rising Sun. 2 vols. Random House, 1970. Japan's war.
• Ian W. Toll. Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941-1942 (2011)
• H. P. Willmott. Empires in the Balance. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1982.
• H. P. Willmott. The Barrier and the Javelin. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1983.
• Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44317-2. (2005).
• William Y'Blood, Red Sun Setting: The Battle of the Philippine Sea. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1980.
• Harries, Meirion (1994). Soldiers of the Sun : The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-75303-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

 وصلات خارجية

• Film Footage of the Pacific War
• La politique de la sphère de coprospérité de la grande Asie orientale au Japon (بالفرنسية)
• Animated History of the Pacific War
• Canada in the Pacific War — Canadians in Asia & the Pacific
• The Pacific War Series – at The War Times Journal
• Morinoske: Japanese Pilot testimonials - and more
• Imperial Japanese Navy Page
• The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II

1. تحويل قالب:امبراطورية اليابان