سان خوزيه، كاليفورنيا

Coordinates: 37°18′15″N 121°52′22″W / 37.30417°N 121.87278°W / 37.30417; -121.87278
مدينة سان خوزيه
مدينة سان خوزيه
SJ skyline at night horizontal.jpg
USA-San Jose-De Anza Hotel-3.jpg
USA-San Jose-Bank of Italy-5 (cropped).jpg
USA-San Jose-City Hall-Rotunda-3 (cropped).jpg
Downtown San Jose (30001966530).jpg
Valencia Hotel, Santana Row (cropped).jpg
Mount Hamilton (Winter, Early 2019) (cropped).jpeg
الختم الرسمي لـ مدينة سان خوزيه
الشعار الرسمي لـ مدينة سان خوزيه
الكنية: 
سان خوزيه، عاصمة وادي السليكون
الشعار: 
الموقع في مقاطعة سانتا كلارا
خطأ لوا في وحدة:Location_map على السطر 525: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/كاليفورنيا" does not exist.
الإحداثيات: 37°18′15″N 121°52′22″W / 37.30417°N 121.87278°W / 37.30417; -121.87278
البلدالولايات المتحدة الولايات المتحدة
الولايةكاليفورنيا كاليفورنيا
المقاطعةمقاطعة سانتا كلارا
تأسيس پبلو29 نوفمبر 1777
دُمجت27 مارس 1850
الحكومة
 • النوعمدينة مشهرة بميثاق، العمدة-المجلس
 • العمدةتشك ريد
 • نائب العمدةجودي تشيركو
 • رئيس المدينةدبرا فيون
 • مجلس الشيوخ
 • المجلس
المساحة
 • مدينة461٫5 كم² (178٫2 ميل²)
 • البر452٫9 كم² (174٫9 ميل²)
 • الماء8٫6 كم² (3٫3 ميل²)
 • الحضر
716٫53 كم² (447٫83 ميل²)
 • العمران
6٬979٫4 كم² (2٬694٫7 ميل²)
المنسوب26 m (85 ft)
التعداد
 (1 يوليو 2008)[3]
 • مدينة948٫279 (رقم 10)
 • الكثافة2٬223٫2/km2 (5٬758/sq mi)
 • Urban
1٫819٫198 (MSA 7/1/08)
 • العمرانية
7٫354٫555 (CSA 7/1/08)
 • صفة المواطنة
سان خوزييهي
منطقة التوقيتUTC-8 (PST)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC-7 (PDT)
الرمز البريدي
95101-95103, 95106, 95108-95139, 95141, 95142, 95148, 95150-95161, 95164, 95170-95173, 95190-95194, 95196
مفتاح الهاتف408
رمز FIPS06-68000
GNIS feature ID1654952
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.sanjoseca.gov
Aerial view of San Jose. The intersection of I-280 and Guadalupe Parkway is shown at bottom. View is to the south.

سان هوزيه (إنگليزية: San Jose)، هي ثالث أكبر مدن كاليفورنيا، وعاشر أكبر مدن الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، وحاضرة مقاطعة سانتا كلارا. تقع في وادي السليكون جنوب خليج سان فرانسيسكو. عدد سكانها 912332 نسمة (2005) وهي أكبر مدن منطقة كاليفورنيا الشمالية. كانت في الماضي مدينة زراعية، ومع حلول عام 1950 جذبت الكثير من السكان، وتطورت كثيراً بين العقد 1960 والعقد 1990، فأصبحت مركزاً كبيراً مزدهراً بالنسبة لكاليفورنيا الشمالية. تسمى المدينة أحياناً "لوس أنجلس الشمال" لتشابهها بمدينة لوس أنجلس مع نهاية القرن 20. مساحتها 461.5 كم2.


With an estimated 2019 population of 1,021,795, it is the third-most populous city in California (after Los Angeles and San Diego) and the tenth-most populous in the United States.[4] Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles (466.1 km2). San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States.[5][6][7][8] San Jose is the main component of the San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area, with an estimated population of around 2 million residents in 2018.[9] It is also the most populous city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area, which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively.[10][11][12]

San Jose is notable as a center of innovation, for its affluence,[13][14][15] Mediterranean climate, and extremely high cost of living.[16] Its location within the booming high tech industry as a cultural, political, and economic center has earned the city the nickname "Capital of Silicon Valley". San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world, and has the third-highest GDP per capita in the world (after Zürich, Switzerland and Oslo, Norway), according to the Brookings Institution.[17] The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita.[18] With a median home price of $1,085,000,[19] San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world, according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey.[20][21][22][23] Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems, eBay, Adobe Inc., PayPal, Broadcom, Samsung, Acer, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, and Zoom maintain their headquarters in San Jose, in the center of Silicon Valley. The CSA San Jose shares with San Francisco was the country's third-largest urban economy as of 2018, with a GDP of $1.03 trillion.[24] Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S., this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018, at $106,757.[24]

Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Tamien nation of the Ohlone peoples of California. San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as the Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the first city founded in the Californias.[25] It then became a part of Mexico in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence. Following the American Conquest of California during the Mexican–American War, the territory was ceded to the United States in 1848. After California achieved statehood two years later, San Jose became the state's first capital.[26] Following World War II, San Jose experienced an economic boom, with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 1960s. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from an agricultural center to an urbanized metropolitan area. Results of the 1990 U.S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California.[27] By the 1990s, San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries, making it California's fastest-growing economy.[28]

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التاريخ

Downtown San Jose looking over the Tech Museum towards Mount Hamilton; hills in the background show their winter green color.

تأسست المدينة في 29 نوفمبر 1777، وسميت سابقاً بـ "إل پويپلو دي سان خوسيه دي گوادالوپه" (El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe) حينما كانت أول مدينة للمستعمرة الإسبانية في "نويڤا كاليفورنيا" التي عرفت لاحقاً بألتا كاليفورنيا (وهي دولة سابقة في أمريكا الشمالية). خدمت المدينة كمنطقة زراعية لتزويد المعسكرات الإسبانية في سان فرانسيسكو ومونتيري. بعد أن تحولت كاليفورنيا إلى ولاية أمريكية في عام 1850، كانت سان هوزيه أول عاصمة لها.


الجغرافيا

Looking west over northern San Jose (downtown is at far left) and other parts of Silicon Valley. See an up-to-the-minute view of San Jose from the Mount Hamilton web camera. http://mthamilton.ucolick.org/hamcam/


المناخ

Palm Trees are commonly seen lining many streets throughout San Jose.
Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range, showing summer's golden mantle. Dark green areas in hills are primarily scrub oak and other low-growing shrubs. The white domes on top are UCSC's Lick Observatory
جبل هاميلتون يعلوه الضباب في الصباح الباكر

تتمتع مدينة سان خوزيه مثلها مثل معظم المدن الساحلية بمناخ مداري.[29] على عكس سان فرانسيسكو ، والتي بحكم موقعها على شاطئ المحيط من ثلاث جهات ، مما يعطيها درجات حرارة متفاوته وطقص متغير طوال اليوم ، حيث يحد مدينة سان خوزيه الجبال من ثلاث جهات. ويبلغ متوسط نسبة سقوط الأمطار سنوية 14.4 بوسة (366 مم) وهي بذلك تزيد بمقدار أربع أضعاف بالمقارنة بمناطق شاطئية أخرى.

متوسطات الطقس لسان خوزيه، كاليفورنيا
شهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر السنة
العظمى القياسية °F (°C) 83 (28) 85 (29) 87 (31) 95 (35) 101 (38) 109 (43) 108 (42) 105 (41) 104 (40) 101 (38) 85 (29) 83 (28) 109 (43)
متوسط العظمى °ف (°م) 59 (15) 64 (18) 67 (19) 72 (22) 77 (25) 82 (28) 84 (29) 84 (29) 81 (27) 74 (23) 65 (18) 59 (15) 73 (23)
متوسط الصغرى °ف (°م) 41 (5) 45 (7) 46 (8) 48 (9) 52 (11) 55 (13) 57 (14) 57 (14) 57 (14) 52 (11) 45 (7) 41 (5) 50 (10)
الصغرى القياسية °ف (°C) 24 (-4) 26 (-3) 30 (-1) 35 (2) 37 (3) 42 (6) 47 (8) 47 (8) 42 (6) 36 (2) 21 (-6) 19 (-7) 19 (−7)
هطول الأمطار بوصة (mm) 3.2 (81.3) 2.8 (71.1) 2.6 (66) 1.0 (25.4) 0.4 (10.2) 0.1 (2.5) 0.1 (2.5) 0.1 (2.5) 0.2 (5.1) 0.9 (22.9) 1.2 (30.5) 2.0 (50.8) 15٫1 (383٫5)
المصدر: AccuWeather.com[30] 2 March 2009

.

منظر المدينة

A view of Downtown San Jose as seen from East Foothills

الإقتصاد

Adobe Systems headquarters

السكان

San Jose at night, looking southwest across the Santa Clara Valley toward the coastal range, shows the density of the population.
التعداد تاريخياً
الإحصاء التعداد
18503٬500
18604٬57930.8%
18709٬08998.5%
188012٬56738.3%
189018٬06043.7%
190021٬50019.0%
191028٬94634.6%
192039٬64237.0%
193057٬65145.4%
194068٬45718.7%
195095٬28039.2%
1960204٬196114.3%
1970459٬913125.2%
1980629٬44236.9%
1990782٬24824.3%
2000894٬94314.4%
تقديري 2008948٬2796.0%
sources: [3][31][32]
Age distribution


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الرياضة

النادي الرياضة التأسيس الإتحاد المكان
San Jose Sharks هوكي 1991 National Hockey League: Western Conference HP Pavilion at San José
San Jose Earthquakes كرة قدم 1995 Major League Soccer: Western Conference Buck Shaw Stadium
Real San Jose كرة قدم 2006 National Premier Soccer League Yerba Buena High School
San Jose Frogs كرة قدم 2006 USL Premier Development League PAL Stadium
San Francisco Dragons Lacrosse 2006 Major League Lacrosse (field/outdoor) Spartan Stadium
San Jose Giants بيسبول 1988 California League San Jose Municipal Stadium
San Jose SaberCats Arena Football 1995 Arena Football League HP Pavilion at San José
San Jose Stealth Lacrosse 2003 National Lacrosse League (box/arena/indoor) HP Pavilion at San José

النقل

VTA buses are the prime means of public transportation in S.J.
Current San Jose light rail map showing existing and under-construction lines.
Mineta San Jose International Airport - International Arrivals
Sunset silhouettes a FedEx plane and the Bank of America Building's tower in downtown San Jose, CA, as the plane approaches Mineta San Jose International Airport.

الطرق السريعة الرئيسية


المرافق

San Jose Water Works at West Santa Clara St.


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التعليم

Tower Hall, San Jose State

الجامعات والكليات

Martin Luther King, Jr. Library

التعليم الإبتدائي والثانوي

Martin Luther King, Jr. Library

نظام مكتبة سان جوزيف

مزارات

View of Circle of Palms Plaza
Front of the San Jose Museum of Art, the remaining facade of San Jose's first post office.
The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum at Rosicrucian Park.
Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph
Church of the Five Wounds on East Santa Clara St.
Guadalupe River Trail
The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum at Rosicrucian Park.
Front of the San Jose Museum of Art, the remaining facade of San Jose's first post office.
Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph

الحدائق والمتنزهات

  • Almaden Quicksilver County Park, 4,147 acres (17 km²) of former mercury mines in South San Jose (operated and maintained by the County of Santa Clara, Parks and Recreation Department).
  • Alum Rock Park, 718 acres (2.9 km²) in East San Jose, the oldest municipal park in California
  • Emma Prusch Farm Park, 43.5 acres (176,000 m²) in East San Jose. Donated by Emma Prusch to demonstrate the valley's agricultural past, it includes a 4-H barn (the largest in San Jose), community gardens, a rare-fruit orchard, demonstration gardens, picnic areas, and expanses of lawn. [1]

==

أثار

المتاحف والمكتبات وأماكن ثقافية أخرى


الإعلام

The De Anza Hotel, a classic Art Deco building in the central business district opened in 1931.


معرض الصور



الحكومة والقانون

The San Jose City Hall opened in 2005.

المحلي

The new San Jose City Hall opened in 2005.

الولاية والدولة

الجريمة

مدن شقيقة

مجلس التنمية الإقتصادي في سان خوزيه على علاقات مع ثمان مدن شقيقة:[33]


المراجع

انظر أيضا

قراءات إضافية

  • Beilharz, Edwin A.; and DeMers Jr., Donald O.; San Jose: California's First City; 1980, ISBN 0-932986-13-7
  • The California Room, the San Jose Library's collection of research materials on the history of San Jose and Santa Clara Valley.

وصلات خارجية

المصادر

[2]

  1. ^ US Census Bureau Lists of Urbanized Areas
  2. ^ "USGS—San Jose, California". Retrieved 2007-02-17.
  3. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة population
  4. ^ "U.S. Census website". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
  5. ^ 2012 American Community Survey Archived يوليو 1, 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Richest Counties In The United States". Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  7. ^ Levy, Francesca (March 4, 2010). "America's 25 Richest Counties". Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  8. ^ "Santa Clara County has highest median household income in nation, but wealth gap widens". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  9. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. April 2019. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  10. ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Totals Dataset: Population and Estimated Components of Change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015" (CSV). 2015 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2016.[dead link]
  11. ^ "Combined Statistical Area Totals Dataset: Population and Estimated Components of Change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015" (CSV). 2015 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2016.[dead link]
  12. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". 2015 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2016. Archived from the original on June 6, 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
  13. ^ Hsu, T. (September 20, 2012). "America's richest cities: Census say San Jose, San Francisco" Archived يونيو 29, 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
  14. ^ Glink, I. (February 22, 2013). "America's Richest Cities in 2013." Archived مارس 8, 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved August 16, 2013
  15. ^ Bass, F., Homan, T. (October 18, 2011). "Beltway Earnings Make US Capital Richer Than Silicon Valley" Archived يوليو 29, 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Bloomberg. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
  16. ^ Zeveloff, J. (February 14, 2013). "The 10 Most Expensive Cities in the United States" Archived مايو 7, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Daily Finance. Retrieved August 16, 2013
  17. ^ "Silicon Valley Business Journal – San Jose Area has World's Third-Highest GDP Per Capita, Brookings Says". Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  18. ^ "America's Greediest Cities". Forbes. ديسمبر 3, 2007. Archived from the original on يوليو 29, 2017.
  19. ^ "The first US city where average homes cost over $1 million". Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  20. ^ "13th Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey: 2017" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  21. ^ "San Jose is the most 'unaffordable' major housing market in U.S., survey says". Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  22. ^ Kate Springer. "The least affordable places to live in 2017". CNN. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
  23. ^ "The 10 most expensive cities to live in around the world in 2017". Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  24. ^ أ ب "GDP by Metropolitan Area | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)". www.bea.gov (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  25. ^ "The First City". California History Online. Archived from the original on February 18, 2008. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
  26. ^ "California Admission Day—September 9, 1850". California State Parks. 2007. Archived from the original on March 28, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
  27. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة 1990census
  28. ^ "Silicon Valley Business Journal – San Jose has the Fastest-Growing Economy in California". Archived from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  29. ^ Miguel Miller. "Climate of San Jose". National Weather Service. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
  30. ^ [accuweather&zipcode=95032&metric=0 "San Jose, CA Typical Weather"]. Accuweather. Retrieved 2 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  31. ^ Moffatt, Riley. Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 54.
  32. ^ "Population and Housing Data".
  33. ^ "Sister City Program". The City of San Jose. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
  • Bruno, Andy; INCONSISTENCY ACCENTED BY SAN JOSE AND SAN JOSE; San Jose Mercury News; February 15, 1996, p. 2E
  • The Weather Channel data for San Jose
  • Peck, Willys I., "When Ma Bell Spoke With a Human Voice," Saratoga Stereopticon: A Magic Lantern of Memory, (Cupertino, California: California History Center and Foundation, 1998, pp. 41–42.
  • Map: Mobile Communications: Reaching the World by Mobile Telephone Service, (San Francisco: Pacific Telephone Co., 1983.)
  • Undated San Jose Mercury News article describing exchange names possibly written by Patricia Loomis or Clyde Arbuckle.