دوسلدورف
Düsseldorf | |
---|---|
Clockwise from top: Düsseldorf skyline, Neuer Zollhof at Media Harbour at night, Rhine Tower and Rhine Knee Bridge at night, riverbank promenade, Düsseldorf Marina, Germany's busiest and upscale shopping street Königsallee | |
الإحداثيات: 51°14′N 6°47′E / 51.233°N 6.783°E | |
البلد | ألمانيا |
الولاية | شمال الراين-وستفاليا |
Admin. region | Düsseldorf |
District | Urban district |
التقسيمات | 10 districts, 50 boroughs |
الحكومة | |
• Lord mayor | Dr. Stephan Keller (CDU) |
• الأحزاب الحاكمة | CDU / Greens |
المساحة | |
• المدينة | 217٫41 كم² (83٫94 ميل²) |
المنسوب | 38 m (125 ft) |
التعداد (2016-03-11) | |
• المدينة | 642٬304 |
• الكثافة | 3٬000/km2 (7٬700/sq mi) |
• Urban | 1٬220٬000[1] |
• العمرانية | 11٬300٬000 (Rhine-Ruhr) |
منطقة التوقيت | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
Postal codes | 40210-40629 |
Dialling codes | 0211, 0203 (Ortsnetz Duisburg), 02104 (Ortsnetz Mettmann) |
لوحة السيارة | D |
الموقع الإلكتروني | www.Duesseldorf.de |
دوسلدورف (ألمانية: Düsseldorf ؛ UK /ˈdʊsəldɔːrf/ DUUS-əl-dorf, الأمريكي /ˈdjuːsʔ/ DEWS-,[2][3][4] ألمانية: [ˈdʏsl̩dɔʁf] ( listen); often Dusseldorf [ك] in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian:[أ] Düsseldörp [ˈdʏsl̩dœɐ̯p]; archaic هولندية: Dusseldorp)) هي عاصمة ولاية شمال الراين - وستفاليا في غرب ألمانيا و احدى أكبر مدن البلاد. يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 617,280 نسمة.[5]
Düsseldorf is located at the confluence of two rivers: the Rhine and the Düssel, a small tributary. The -dorf suffix means "village" in German (English cognate: thorp); its use is unusual for a settlement as large as Düsseldorf. Most of the city lies on the right bank of the Rhine (unlike Cologne, which is on the river's left bank). Düsseldorf lies in the centre of both the Rhine-Ruhr and the Rhineland Metropolitan Region. It neighbours the Cologne Bonn Region to the south and the Ruhr to the north. It is the largest city in the German Low Franconian dialect area (closely related to Dutch).
Mercer's 2012 Quality of Living survey ranked Düsseldorf the sixth most livable city in the world.[6][7] Düsseldorf Airport is Germany's third-busiest airport after those of Frankfurt and Munich, serving as the most important international airport for the inhabitants of the densely populated Ruhr, Germany's largest urban area. Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs,[8][9][10] and is headquarters to one Fortune Global 500 and two DAX companies. Messe Düsseldorf organises nearly one fifth of premier trade shows.[11] As second largest city of the Rhineland, Düsseldorf holds Rhenish Carnival celebrations every year in February/March, the Düsseldorf carnival celebrations being the third most popular in Germany after those held in Cologne and Mainz.[12]
There are 22 institutions of higher education in the city including the Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, the university of applied sciences (Hochschule Düsseldorf), the academy of arts (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, whose members include Joseph Beuys, Emanuel Leutze, August Macke, Gerhard Richter, Sigmar Polke, and Andreas Gursky), and the university of music (Robert-Schumann-Musikhochschule Düsseldorf). The city is also known for its influence on electronic/experimental music (Kraftwerk) and its Japanese community. Düsseldorf is classified as a GaWC Beta+ world city.
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التاريخ
الجغرافيا
المدن والدوائر المجاورة
The following districts and cities border Düsseldorf (clockwise starting from the north): the City of Duisburg, the District of Mettmann (Ratingen, Mettmann, Erkrath, Hilden, Langenfeld, and Monheim), and the District of Neuss (Dormagen, Neuss, and Meerbusch).
المناخ
The city has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb, mild in relation to East Germany).[13] Like the rest of the lower Rhineland, Düsseldorf experiences moderate winters with little snowfall and mild to warm summers. The average annual temperature is 11.6 °C (53 °F) with an average yearly precipitation of 732 millimetres (29 in). The dominant wind direction is from the west with velocities in the range of 3 to 4 m/s (7–9 mph), with gusts of 3.5 −4.8 m/s (8–10.7 mph). The wind is calm (defined as being under 2 m/s or 4.5 mph) about 35% of the time, more frequently at night and in the winter.[14][15]
Climate data for دوسلدورف (average of 1981–2010, extremes 1981-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
36.8 (98.2) |
40.7 (105.3) |
38.5 (101.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
40.7 (105.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.1 (43.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
3.4 (38.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.9 (49.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) |
0.3 (32.5) |
2.8 (37.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.8 (−5.4) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.4 (36.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 67.3 (2.65) |
53.2 (2.09) |
65.0 (2.56) |
51.8 (2.04) |
68.8 (2.71) |
75.2 (2.96) |
75.0 (2.95) |
70.6 (2.78) |
64.2 (2.53) |
67.2 (2.65) |
68.1 (2.68) |
71.5 (2.81) |
797.9 (31.41) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 56.4 | 76.2 | 112.2 | 166.7 | 198.8 | 193.4 | 209.5 | 190.7 | 140.1 | 110.4 | 59.8 | 45.1 | 1٬559٫3 |
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst [16] |
Climate data for دوسلدورف (average of 1990–2013 and 2019-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
36.8 (98.2) |
40.7 (105.3) |
38.5 (101.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
40.7 (105.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.1 (77.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
7.1 (44.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
4.8 (40.6) |
11.6 (52.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.1 (41.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
14.1 (57.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.8 (38.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.8 (−5.4) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.4 (36.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51.3 (2.02) |
84.5 (3.33) |
62.8 (2.47) |
29.2 (1.15) |
40.9 (1.61) |
54.1 (2.13) |
44.2 (1.74) |
68.8 (2.71) |
73.3 (2.89) |
76.5 (3.01) |
77.0 (3.03) |
69.0 (2.72) |
731.6 (28.81) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 47.7 | 85.8 | 129.6 | 218.7 | 218.4 | 229.9 | 204.0 | 214.1 | 147.5 | 99.0 | 54.3 | 47.9 | 1٬696٫9 |
Source 1: www.weatheronline.de, extremes and sun = Meteo Climat [17] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/klimadatendeutschland.html?nn=540998 |
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الديمغرافيا
Largest groups of foreign residents | |
Nationality | Population (31.12.2017) |
---|---|
تركيا | 12,707 |
اليونان | 10,388 |
پولندا | 9,316 |
إيطاليا | 7,799 |
اليابان | 5,829 |
سوريا | 5,820 |
رومانيا | 4,856 |
المغرب | 4,541 |
إسپانيا | 4,477 |
روسيا | 4,430 |
الصين | 4,251 |
شمال مقدونيا | 3,842 |
كرواتيا | 3,720 |
فرنسا | 3,328 |
أوكرانيا | 3,266 |
العراق | 3,079 |
إيران | 2,962 |
الجزائر | 2,271 |
With a population of 612,178 within the city boundaries (31 December 2015),[26] Düsseldorf is Germany's seventh largest city. Its population surpassed the threshold of 100,000 inhabitants during the height of industrialisation in 1882, and peaked at just over 705,000 in 1962. The city then began to lose residents with many moving into neighbouring municipalities. However, since the late 1990s, the city's population has been slowly rising again.
A total of 109,883[27] (18%) of Düsseldorf's population are foreigners (31 December 2008), the majority of whom come from within Europe (81,742). The largest national minorities are Turks, Greeks, and Poles. Düsseldorf and its surroundings have the third-largest Japanese community in Europe and the largest in Germany (about 11,000 people).[28][29] Düsseldorf has the third-largest Jewish community in Germany, with about 7,000 members.[30][31][32]
الحكم
المقاطعات
Since 1975, Düsseldorf is divided into ten administrative districts. Each district (Bezirk) has its own elected district council (Bezirksvertretung) and its own district mayor (Bezirksvorsteher). The district councils are advisory only. Each district is further subdivided into boroughs. There are 50 boroughs in Düsseldorf.[33]
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العمدة
The current Mayor of Düsseldorf is Stephan Keller of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), who was elected in 2020.
The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:
المرشح | الحزب | الجولة الأولى | الجولة الثانية | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
الأصوات | % | الأصوات | % | |||
Stephan Keller | Christian Democratic Union | 83,425 | 34.1 | 118,308 | 56.0 | |
Thomas Geisel | Social Democratic Party | 64,203 | 26.3 | 92,999 | 44.0 | |
Stefan Engstfeld | Alliance 90/The Greens | 42,463 | 17.4 | |||
Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann | Free Democratic Party | 30,584 | 12.5 | |||
Florian Josef Hoffmann | Alternative for Germany | 6,564 | 2.7 | |||
Udo Adam Bonn | The Left | 5,257 | 2.2 | |||
Dominique Mirus | Die PARTEI | 3,039 | 1.2 | |||
Mark Schenk | Volt Germany | 2,255 | 0.9 | |||
Claudia Krüger | Animal Welfare Here! | 1,939 | 0.8 | |||
Hans-Joachim Grumbach | Free Voters | 1,192 | 0.5 | |||
Celine Coldewe | Climate List Düsseldorf | 954 | 0.4 | |||
Michael Baumeister | Independent | 947 | 0.4 | |||
Marc Olejak | Pirate Party Germany | 792 | 0.3 | |||
Markus Brakonier | German Sport Party | 383 | 0.2 | |||
Andre Maniera | The Republicans | 325 | 0.1 | |||
Valid votes | 244,322 | 98.8 | 211,307 | 99.3 | ||
Invalid votes | 3,008 | 1.2 | 1,571 | 0.7 | ||
Total | 247,330 | 100.0 | 212,878 | 100.0 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 470,511 | 52.6 | 470,312 | 45.3 | ||
Source: State Returning Officer |
مجلس المدينة
The Düsseldorf city council (Düsseldorfer Stadtrat) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:
Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 81,833 | 33.4 | 3.3 | 30 | 1 | |
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 58,881 | 24.0 | ▲ 10.3 | 22 | ▲ 11 | |
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 43,949 | 17.9 | 11.4 | 16 | 8 | |
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 22,453 | 9.2 | ▲ 2.2 | 8 | ▲ 2 | |
The Left (Die Linke) | 9,951 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 4 | ±0 | |
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 8,776 | 3.6 | ▲ 0.6 | 3 | ▲ 1 | |
Volt Germany (Volt) | 4,512 | 1.8 | New | 2 | New | |
Die PARTEI (PARTEI) | 4,371 | 1.8 | New | 2 | New | |
Animal Welfare Here! (Tierschutz hier!) | 3,437 | 1.4 | New | 1 | New | |
Free Voters (FW) | 2,212 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1 | ±0 | |
Climate List Düsseldorf (Klimaliste) | 2,124 | 0.9 | New | 1 | New | |
Pirate Party Germany (Piraten) | 1,464 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0 | 1 | |
German Sport Party (DSP) | 642 | 0.3 | New | 0 | New | |
The Republicans (REP) | 586 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0 | 1 | |
RESISTANCE 2020 We for Düsseldorf | 76 | 0.0 | New | 0 | New | |
Valid votes | 245,271 | 99.2 | ||||
Invalid votes | 2,085 | 0.8 | ||||
Total | 247,356 | 100.0 | 90 | ▲ 8 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 470,511 | 52.6 | ▲ 3.4 | |||
Source: State Returning Officer |
المعالم
البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة
Düsseldorf is twinned with:[34]
الصداقة والتعاون
Düsseldorf also cooperates with:[35]
وصلات خارجية
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 8 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - Wikidus.de The Wiki for Düsseldorf
- Düsseldorf Official English website of the city
- visitduesseldorf.de Official Düsseldorf Tourist Board
- dusseldorf.guide Unofficial Düsseldorf Guide
- Düsseldorf City Panoramas
- "Burrying [sic] the Hoppeditz: Carnival in Düsseldorf". Archived from the original on 13 يناير 2007. Retrieved 13 مارس 2006.
- The Lost City WW2 Bomb Damage 1942/3
- ^ Amt für Statistik und Wahlenlanguage=German. "Demografie-Monitoring Düsseldorf 2013 bis 2018". Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ^ "Dusseldorf". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ "Düsseldorf" (US) and قالب:Cite Oxford Dictionaries
- ^ قالب:Cite Merriam-Webster
- ^ 1,525,029 inhabitants for the Düsseldorf Larger Urban Zone
- ^ "Mercer's 2011 Quality of Living survey highlights — Global". Mercer. 15 June 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
- ^ Woolsey, Matt (28 April 2009). "World's 20 Best Places To Live". Forbes.com.
- ^ "Communla Administration of Düsseldorf, 28 of July 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
- ^ "Immobilien Zeitung: Mehr Räume für die große Modenschau vom 28. August 2008, 1 March 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 يوليو 2011. Retrieved 16 أبريل 2010.
- ^ "Cushman & Wakefield: European Cities Monitor" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ "Messe Düsseldorf Annual Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ 2010 survey by Jones Lang LaSalle; accessed 8 December 2014. (in ألمانية)
- ^ "Düsseldorf, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
- ^ "Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf – Luftreinhalteplan (2004)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 سبتمبر 2006. Retrieved 1 يونيو 2016.
- ^ Klimaatlas – NRW (1989): Der Minister für Umwelt, Raumordnung und Landwirtschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalens, Düsseldorf.
- ^ "Monatswerte Düsseldorf". Deutscher Wetterdienst. 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ^ "STATION DUSSELDORF, Dusseldorf (Allemagne, 37m)". Meteo Climat. 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
- ^ "Statistische Informationen" (PDF). Amt 12. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "Statistische Informationen" (PDF). Amt 12. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "Statistische Informationen" (PDF). Amt 12. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "Statistische Informationen" (PDF). Amt 12. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "Statistische Informationen" (PDF). Amt 12. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "Statistische Informationen" (PDF). Amt 12. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "Statistische Informationen" (PDF). Amt 12. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "EU-Ausländer in Duesseldorf" (PDF). Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "Amtliche Bevölkerungszahlen". Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen. Archived from the original on 14 يوليو 2016. Retrieved 6 أكتوبر 2017.
- ^ "Statistisches Jahrbuch der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf – Bevölkerung nach Nationalität" (PDF). Duesseldorf.de. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةvirtualtourist.com
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةJapantag in Düsseldorf: Welcome
- ^ "Düsseldorf | Jüdische Allgemeine". www.juedische-allgemeine.de. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
- ^ Zeitung, Aachener. ""Bleiben wir?": Juden in Düsseldorf nach Anschlag von Halle verunsichert". Aachener Zeitung (in الألمانية). Retrieved 2019-11-28.
- ^ Zeitung, Westdeutsche. "Düsseldorf: Antisemitismus in Düsseldorf: Jüdische Schüler werden angefeindet". Westdeutsche Zeitung (in الألمانية). Retrieved 2019-11-28.
- ^ "Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf – Aus den Stadtteilen". Duesseldorf.de. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
- ^ "Weltweite Kontakte: Türöffner für Bürger, Wirtschaft und Kultur". duesseldorf.de (in الألمانية). Düsseldorf. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
- ^ "Städtefreundschaften & Kooperationen". duesseldorf.de (in الألمانية). Düsseldorf. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
خطأ استشهاد: وسوم <ref>
موجودة لمجموعة اسمها "lower-alpha"، ولكن لم يتم العثور على وسم <references group="lower-alpha"/>
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