ڤوپرتال
ڤوپرتال | |
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Clockwise from top: view over Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Wuppertal Suspension Railway running beneath Sonnborn Railway Bridge (Sonnborner Eisenbahnbrücke), St Lawrence's Basilica at dusk, the suspension railway running through the city, the suspension railway running above the Wupper, hilly cityscape at Friedrichstraße | |
الإحداثيات: 51°16′N 07°11′E / 51.267°N 7.183°E | |
البلد | ألمانيا |
الولاية | شمال الراين-وستفاليا |
Admin. region | Düsseldorf |
District | Urban district |
الحكومة | |
• Lord mayor | Uwe Schneidewind[1] (Greens) |
• الأحزاب الحاكمة | Greens / CDU |
المساحة | |
• City | 168٫41 كم² (65٫02 ميل²) |
أعلى منسوب | 350 m (1٬150 ft) |
أوطى منسوب | 100 m (300 ft) |
التعداد | |
• Urban | 608٬000 (Bergisches Dreieck) |
• العمرانية | 11٬300٬000 (Rhein-Ruhr) |
منطقة التوقيت | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
Postal codes | 42001-42399 |
Dialling codes | 0202 |
لوحة السيارة | W |
الموقع الإلكتروني | wuppertal.de |
ڤوپرتال Wuppertal (النطق الألماني: [ˈvʊpɐtaːl] ( listen))، هي مدينة في شمال الراين-وستفاليا، ألمانيا. تقع المدينة في وحول وادي نهر ڤوبر، وتقع شمال مدينة دوسلدورف وجنوب منطقة الرور. بعدد سكانها الذي يقارب 350.000 نسمة، تعتبر أكبر مدينة في برگيشس لاند. تشتهر ڤوبرتال بسهولها المدرجة، أخشابها، ومنتزهاتها، وسكك حديديها المعلق، قطار ڤوبر المعلق. تشكل المساحة الخضراء ثلثي إجمالي منطقة بلدية ڤوبرتال. من أي جزء بالمدينة، هناك ممشى يستقرب 10 دقائق فقط إلى أحد المنتزهات العامة أو ممرات الغابات.
في القرن 18 و19، كان وادي ڤوبر واحد من أكبر المناطق الصناعية في أوروپا القارية. الطلب المتزايد على الفحم من مصانع النسيج وورش الحديد وضعت الأساس لتوسع الرورگيبيت المجاور. اليوم، لا تزال ڤوبرتال مركز صناعي رئيسي، حيث أصبحت مقراً لصناعات مثل النسيج، التعدين، الكيماويات، الأدوية، الإلكترونيات، السيارات، المطاط، المركبات ومعدات الطلاء.
نشأ الأسپرين من ڤوبرتال، حيث حصلت باير على براءة اختراعه عام 1897، ومنظف لصمام الفورڤرك-كوبولد.[2][3]
معهد ڤوبرتال للمناخ، البيئة والطاقة والمعهد الأوروپي للعلاقات الاقتصادية يقعان في المدينة.[4]
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التاريخ
Wuppertal in its present borders was formed in 1929 by merging the industrial cities of Barmen and Elberfeld along with the communities of Vohwinkel, Ronsdorf, Cronenberg, Langerfeld and Beyenburg. The initial name Barmen-Elberfeld was changed in a 1930 referendum to Wuppertal ("Wupper Valley"). The new city was administered as part of Prussia's Rhine Province.
Uniquely for Germany, it is a "linear city", owing to the steep hillsides along the river Wupper. Its highest hill is the Lichtscheid, which is 351 m (1,152 ft) above sea level. The dominant urban centres Elberfeld (historic commercial centre) and Barmen (more industrial) have formed a continuous urbanized area since 1850. During the succeeding decades, "Wupper-Town" became the dominant industrial agglomeration of northwestern Germany. During the 20th century, this conurbation had been surpassed by Cologne, Düsseldorf and the Ruhr area, all with a more favourable topography.
From 5 July 1933 to 19 January 1934 the Kemna concentration camp was established in Wuppertal. It was one of the early Nazi concentration camps, created by the Nazi Party to incarcerate their political opponents upon gaining power in 1933. The camp was established in a former factory on the Wupper in the Kemna neighborhood of the Barmen part of Wuppertal.
During World War II, about 40% of buildings in the city were destroyed by Allied bombing, as were many other German cities and industrial centres (see Bombing of Wuppertal in World War II). However, a large number of historic sites have been preserved, such as:
- Ölberg, literally "Oil mountain", Germany's largest original working class district, is protected as a historic monument. The name came about during the 1920s as the district continued using oil lamps while the surrounding bourgeois residential quarters were electrified. In traditional use, the name "Ölberg" refers to the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.
- Brill is one of Germany's largest districts of Gründerzeit villas, i.e. middle class mansions built by industrial entrepreneurs during the second half of the 19th century.
The US 78th Infantry Division under Major General Edwin P. Parker Jr. captured Wuppertal against scant resistance on 16 April 1945.[5] Wuppertal became a part of the British Zone of Occupation, and subsequently part of the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia in West Germany.
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1610 | 2٬500 | — |
1800 | 12٬000 | +380.0% |
1822 | 23٬758 | +98.0% |
1852 | 39٬944 | +68.1% |
1871 | 71٬384 | +78.7% |
1885 | 106٬499 | +49.2% |
1900 | 156٬966 | +47.4% |
1910 | 170٬195 | +8.4% |
1919 | 157٬218 | −7.6% |
1925 | 167٬025 | +6.2% |
1929 | 414٬951 | +148.4% |
1933 | 408٬602 | −1.5% |
1939 | 401٬672 | −1.7% |
1946 | 325٬846 | −18.9% |
1950 | 363٬224 | +11.5% |
1961 | 420٬711 | +15.8% |
1970 | 418٬454 | −0.5% |
1980 | 393٬381 | −6.0% |
1990 | 383٬660 | −2.5% |
2001 | 364٬784 | −4.9% |
2011 | 342٬661 | −6.1% |
2022 | 356٬768 | +4.1% |
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:[6][مرجع دائرة مفرغة][7] |
Wuppertal currently has a population of about 355,000. The number of inhabitants more than doubled in 1929 as a result of the Barmen–Elberfeld merger. The economic boom of the 1950s and 60s saw the establishment of new industry headquarters and with it an influx of workers, including migrant workers from Turkey, Greece and Italy. Population numbers during these times of as-yet unparalleled growth peaked at about 423,000 in 1963; in the 1970s, a period of steady decline followed in the wake of industrial losses.
As of 31 December 2022, the largest groups of foreign residents were:
From country | Number of residents |
---|---|
تركيا | 11,575 |
سوريا | 7,415 |
إيطاليا | 6,870 |
اليونان | 6,130 |
پولندا | 5,870 |
أوكرانيا | 5,387 |
رومانيا | 2,835 |
المغرب | 2,463 |
صربيا | 2,197 |
شمال مقدونيا | 1,724 |
العراق | 1,593 |
إسپانيا | 1,439 |
روسيا | 1,354 |
كرواتيا | 1,273 |
هولندا | 1,228 |
كوسوڤو | 1,147 |
Main sights
In total, Wuppertal possesses over 4,500 buildings classified as national monuments, most exemplifying styles such as Neoclassicism, Eclecticism, Historicism, Art Nouveau/Jugendstil and Bauhaus. The American TV station CNN recommended Wuppertal as one of 20 places worldwide to visit in the year 2020 because of the Schwebebahn, the architectural diversity and the Nordbahntrasse, a 22-kilometre (14 mi) cycle route across the city 2020.[8]
Main sights include:
- Schwebebahn or floating tram. One of the city's greatest attractions is the globally unique suspended monorail Wuppertaler Schwebebahn, which was established in 1901. The tracks are 8 m (26 ft) above the streets and 12 m (40 ft) above the Wupper.
- Wuppertaler Schwebebahn Kaiserwagen A guided tour of the suspension railway in a special tram.
- Wuppertal Opera (Opernhaus Wuppertal).
- Concerthall Stadthalle, a fine piece of turn-of-the-century architecture with outstanding acoustics. Home of the Wuppertal Symphony Orchestra (Sinfonieorchester Wuppertal) (Stadthalle).
- Wuppertal Dance Theatre (Tanztheater Wuppertal), a world-famous centre of modern dance founded by the choreographer Pina Bausch.
- Engels-Haus, 18th century-architecturally typical of the region, it houses a permanent display of materials associated with the co-founder of modern Communism, Friedrich Engels.
- Wuppertal Zoo, a large, nicely landscaped zoo.
- Botanischer Garten Wuppertal, a municipal botanical garden.
- Arboretum Burgholz, an extensive arboretum.
- Von der Heydt Museum is an important art gallery with works from the 17th century to the present time. The first of Picasso's works that ever appeared in public was displayed here.
- Skulpturenpark Waldfrieden, a sculpture park with exhibition hall, founded by sculptor Tony Cragg.
Wuppertal in the arts
- In the 1974 Wim Wenders movie Alice in the Cities, the main characters visit Wuppertal.
- Part of the action of Le Feu de Wotan (1984) of the comic book Yoko Tsuno series by Roger Leloup take place in Wuppertal and its Schwebebahn.
- The play Die Wupper by Else Lasker-Schüler is set in Elberfeld.
- The 2000 movie The Princess and the Warrior, by Tom Tykwer, was filmed in Wuppertal.
- The 2001 movie de (No Regrets (2001 film)), by Benjamin Quabeck, was filmed in Wuppertal.
- In the 2011 movie Pina, several of the dance sequences take place in and around Wuppertal. In several sequences, the elevated tram is used as a setting, as well as a backdrop.
Sports
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Association football
In football, Wuppertal's most popular club is Wuppertaler SV which currently play in the Regionalliga West, the fourth tier of the German football league system. Playing their home games at the city's Stadion am Zoo, the club, which enjoyed its last season in a nationwide division during the 2009–10 season, looks back on a rich and eventful history since its establishment as the result of a 1954 merger between the two main Wuppertal clubs SSV 04 Wuppertal and TSG Vohwinkel 80. The club spent a total of seven seasons in the top flight of German football, three of which in the Bundesliga, which they were promoted to during 1972. In their first season in the nationwide first division, the club reached a remarkable fourth place and qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first and only time in its history. After a first-round defeat by Polish side Ruch Chorzów and another two widely unsuccessful Bundesliga campaigns, the club disappeared from the top flight again, though, and has yet to return.
During 2004, the club merged with local rivals SV Borussia Wuppertal to form Wuppertaler SV Borussia, though the name change remained the only visible attribute of the merger with the club's colours and crest remaining unaltered. The additional "Borussia" was scrapped again during 2013 due to fans' demand amidst a change of leadership which was brought about to lead the club through necessary insolvency proceedings which have been completed as of September 2014.
Another noteworthy Wuppertal football club is Cronenberger SC from the district of Cronenberg. Their greatest success to date is reaching the 1952 German amateur football championship final which they lost 5–2 against VfR Schwenningen. Today, they play one tier below WSV in the Oberliga Nordrhein.
Famous players include Günter Pröpper who scored 39 of WSV's 136 Bundesliga goals and West Germany international Horst Szymaniak, as well as Cronenberg's Herbert Jäger who represented Germany at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki during his stay with the club.
Team handball
In handball, Wuppertal's most successful team is Bergischer HC, playing in the top-tier Handball-Bundesliga which they were promoted to for the second time during 2013, reaching 15th place during the 2013–14 campaign and therefore staying among the top scorers for a second consecutive season. BHC originates from a 2006 cooperation between the management, squad and main sponsor of LTV Wuppertal and rivals SG Solingen from the nearby city of the same name. The club advertises itself as a representative of the entire Bergisches Land region. The team plays its home games at both Wuppertal's Uni-Halle (3,200 seats) and Solingen's Klingenhalle (2,600 seats).
Wuppertal's past most successful club are the aforementioned LTV Wuppertal. LTV spent most of their seasons in the second and third tiers, before they merged with Wuppertaler SV's handball section in 1996 to form HSG LTV/WSV Wuppertal. The handball combination was promoted to the Bundesliga after its inaugural season, finishing 8th before dissolving again in 1998. However, the mere departure of Wuppertaler SV still allowed LTV Wuppertal, whose professional team were renamed HC Wuppertal, to play another three seasons in the Bundesliga before returning to the 2nd division and re-introducing its old name. After the establishment of BHC in 2006, LTV lost its financial base and was relegated several times, currently playing in the fifth-tier Verbandsliga.
Volleyball
In volleyball, SV Bayer Wuppertal was one of Germany's leading men's teams for many years during the 1990s and 2000s. The team was part of the well-known mass-sports club originating in Leverkusen and was promoted to the Bundesliga in 1978. Reacting to low attendances, the eponymous Bayer AG decided to relocate the volleyball team to Wuppertal in 1992, where there also was a Bayer-funded club. After the move, the club won various titles, including the German championship in 1994 and 1997 and the German Cup in 1995. In addition to that, they finished runners-up to Greek side Olympiacos S.C. in the 1995–96 European Cup Winners' Cup, losing the final in five sets.
After the wide-reaching retreat of Bayer AG from less popular professional sport during 2008, the club acquired the name Wuppertal Titans and later A!B!C Titans Berg. Land. However, the loss of their main sponsor eventually resulted in the team having to terminate during 2012. Presently, they once more play by the name of Bayer Wuppertal in the third-tier Regionalliga, unable to promote with their current financial set-up.
Basketball
Perhaps one of the most successful Wuppertal sports clubs was the women's basketball team of Barmer TV (known as BTV Wuppertal between 1994 and 2000, BTV Gold-Zack Wuppertal between 2000 and 2002 and Wuppertal Wings internationally). An 11-time German champion and 12-time German Cup winner, they won a remarkable ten consecutive doubles between 1993 and 2002. During 1996, they even won the European Cup as the first and so far only German side, beating Italy's SFT Como in the final. A year later, they narrowly missed out on back-to-back trebles, losing to French side CJM Bourges in the newly christened EuroLeague's final.
In 2002, the club withdrew from the Bundesliga due to financial troubles, their then-main sponsor Gold-Zack Werke filing for insolvency a year later. After a decade-long stay in amateur divisions, Barmer TV returned to the second-tier 2nd Bundesliga North in 2014.
Wuppertal co-hosted the 1998 FIBA World Championship for Women as one of seven host cities.
Roller hockey
In roller hockey, Wuppertal club RSC Cronenberg are one of the most successful German teams, having won the German championship and the German Cup in both men's and women's competitions. In total, the men won 13 German championships and nine cups, the women ten championships and nine cups. Both teams play their home games at Alfred-Henckels-Halle.
Wuppertal hosted several international tournaments, including the World Championship in 1997 (men) and 2004 (women) and the European Championship in 1992, 2010 (men) and 2011 (women).
Education
Four institutions of higher education are in Wuppertal.
- University of Wuppertal (Bergische Universität Wuppertal)
- FOM University of Applied Sciences
- Cologne University of Music, section Wuppertal
- College of Theology, Wuppertal/Bethel (Theologische Zentrum Wuppertal)
The privately financed Junior Uni is a unique German initiative to educate youth from the age of 4 to 18 in science outside the school program.[9]
Politics
Mayor
The current mayor of Wuppertal is Uwe Schneidewind of Alliance 90/The Greens, who was elected in 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Uwe Schneidewind | Greens/CDU | 50,218 | 40.8 | 52,439 | 53.5 | |
Andreas Mucke | Social Democratic Party | 45,524 | 37.0 | 45,645 | 46.5 | |
Marcel Hafke | Free Democratic Party | 9,057 | 7.4 | |||
Bernhard Sander | The Left | 5,941 | 4.8 | |||
Panagiotis Paschalis | Independent | 4,295 | 3.5 | |||
Henrik Dahlmann | Free Voters | 4,045 | 3.3 | |||
Mira Lehner | Die PARTEI | 4,020 | 3.3 | |||
Valid votes | 123,100 | 98.8 | 98,084 | 99.2 | ||
Invalid votes | 1,541 | 1.2 | 762 | 0.8 | ||
Total | 124,641 | 100.0 | 98,846 | 100.0 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 265,748 | 46.9 | 265,748 | 37.2 | ||
Source: State Returning Officer |
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City council
The Wuppertal city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:
Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 35,653 | 28.9 | 1.1 | 23 | ▲ 4 | |
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 29,790 | 24.2 | 4.9 | 20 | ▲ 1 | |
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 24,121 | 19.6 | ▲ 4.6 | 16 | ▲ 6 | |
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 8,871 | 7.2 | ▲ 1.7 | 6 | ▲ 2 | |
The Left (Die Linke) | 8,152 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 5 | ±0 | |
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 7,529 | 6.1 | ▲ 3.7 | 5 | ▲ 3 | |
Voters' Association for Wuppertal (WfW) | 3,581 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2 | 1 | |
Die PARTEI (PARTEI) | 3,346 | 2.7 | New | 2 | New | |
Pro Wuppertal | 1,761 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1 | 1 | |
Human Environment Animal Protection (Tierschutz) | 365 | 0.3 | New | 0 | New | |
V-Partei³ | 36 | 0.0 | New | 0 | New | |
Valid votes | 123,205 | 98.9 | ||||
Invalid votes | 1,364 | 1.1 | ||||
Total | 124,569 | 100.0 | 80 | ▲ 14 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 265,748 | 46.9 | ▲ 1.9 | |||
Source: State Returning Officer |
Transport
Railways
Wuppertal is well connected to the rail network. The town lies on the Cologne–Hagen and the Düsseldorf–Hagen railway lines, and is a stop for long-distance traffic. The central station is located in the district of Elberfeld. Regionalbahn trains and some Regional-Express trains also stop at Oberbarmen, Barmen, Ronsdorf and Vohwinkel. There are also S-Bahn stations in Langerfeld, Unterbarmen, Steinbeck, Zoologischer Garten and Sonnborn.
The rail services that operate on the mainline through the valley are the RE 4 (Wupper-Express), RE 7 (Rhein-Münsterland-Express), RE 13 (Maas-Wupper-Express), RB 48 (Rhein-Wupper Bahn) and four Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn services: the S 7, S 8, S 9 and S 68 (peak hours only). Every 30 minutes, it is served by a long-distance (Intercity-Express, InterCity, EuroCity) service in each direction.
With the exception of the line from Wuppertal to Solingen (operated as the S 7) and the Prince William Railway to Essen (now S-Bahn line S 9), all of the branch lines connecting to main line in the city of Wuppertal are now closed. This includes, among others, the Düsseldorf-Derendorf–Dortmund Süd railway (the Wuppertaler Nordbahn), the Burgholz Railway, the Wuppertal-Wichlinghausen–Hattingen railway, the Wupper Valley Railway and the Corkscrew Railway. Thus, there were once 31 stations in the Wuppertal area, including nine stations on the mainline. Nowadays only ten are serviced any more.
Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof is the location of the lost luggage services for Deutsche Bahn.[10]
The Wuppertal Suspension Railway, a suspended monorail, serves the city and its surroundings. It has operated since 1901, with new cars added beginning in December 2016. In 1950, a young elephant named Tuffi was put aboard the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (monorail), as a promotion for the Althoff Circus. The swinging tram upset the elephant, and she trumpeted, charged, and plummeted 12 m (40 ft) into the river below. Tuffi suffered minor injuries; she lived until 1989. In 1999, the Schwebebahn had its thus far only fatal accident.
Between 1873 and 1987, Wuppertal was served by its own tram network.
Twin towns – sister cities
Wuppertal is twinned with:[11]
- South Tyneside, England, United Kingdom (1951)
- Saint-Étienne, France (1960)
- Tempelhof-Schöneberg (Berlin), Germany (1964)
- Beersheba, Israel (1977)
- Košice, Slovakia (1980)
- Schwerin, Germany (1987)
- Matagalpa, Nicaragua (1987)
- Legnica, Poland (1993)
Sister suspension railway
- Shonan Monorail, Japan
The Wuppertal Suspension Railway is twinned with Shonan Monorail since 2018. The Shonan Monorail is located in Kanagawa, Japan and connects the cities between Kamakura and Fujisawa. Both suspended railways made a campaign of their twinning in 2018.[12]
المعالم الرئيسية
المعالم الرئيسية في ڤوبرتال:
- القطار المعلق أو القطار العائم
- اوپرا ڤوبرتال
- قاعة كونشرتو ستادهول
- مسرح ڤوبرتال الراقص
- بيت إنگلز
- حديقة حيوان ڤوبرتال
- حديقة ڤوبرتال النباتية
- Arboretum Burgholz
- متحف فون دير هايدت
- Skulpturenpark Waldfrieden
ڤوبرتال في الفنون
مشاهير ڤوبرتال
- فردريك إنگلز، فيلسوف، مؤرخ، مؤلفالبيان الشويعي (بالاشتراك مع كارل ماركس).
- يوهانس راو، الرئيس السابق لألمانيا الاتحادية
- أليس شوارزر، من رواد الموجة الأنثوية الألمانية الثانية.
- توم تايكڤر، مخرج سينمائي.
- ريتا سوسموث، الرئيس السابق للبرلمان الألماني
- هورست تاپرت، ممثل
- ليندا كيساباكا، رياضية
- پينا بوش، مديرة رقص
- فريديش باير، مؤسس مصنع فريدريش باير للدهانات، شركة باير، لاحقاً.
- أرنو بركر، نحات
- رودولف كارناپ، فيلسوف علوم
- اودو دريركشنايدر، مغني فرقة أكسپت.
- جورج درايفوس، ملحن موسيقي.
- هرمان إبينگهاوس، عالم نفس الذي درس الذاكرة.
- هانز كناپرتسبوش، قائد اوركسترا.
- [[هانز پيتر لون، عالم حاسوب.
- إليس لاسكر-شولر، شاعرة تعبيرية.
- هارالد ليپينتز، ممثل
- اولريخ لااينديكر، مؤلف موسيقي.
- رايمر لوست، عالم فيزياء فلكية.
- پاول راش، Asi from Schalke
- ستفن مولر، ناقد، نجم اوپرا وشخصية تلفزيونية في پولندا، من أشهر الألمان[بحاجة لمصدر] في پولندا.
- سايلكيه مونوف، مغني وكاتب أغاني عالمي.
- تيرون مونتگمري، مخرج سينمائي حائز اوسكار.
- سيمون اوسيگوس، سباح.
- سيگفرايد، عالم خلايا، مدير Hochschule für Musik Köln, Intendant of Deutsche Oper Berlin
- يوليوس پلكر، فيزيائي.
- هانز سينگر، اقتصادي.
- إليس ستپات، ممثلة.
- هلموت ثايليك، عالم لاهوت.
- بتينا تايتين، مذيعة تلفزيونية.
- گنتر ڤاند، قائد اوركسترا.
- پيتر بروتزمان، وپيتر كوڤالد، مبدعون في الموسيقى المعاصرة.
- كريستوف ماريا هربست، ممثل.
- هنريك فرايشلادر، عازف گيتار، مغني، كاتب أغاني، منتج.
- ڤولف هوفمان، عازف گيتار، مؤسس فرقة أكسپت.
- ڤرنر هوير، رئيس بنك الاستثمار الأوروپي.
الرياضة
كرة القدم
كرة اليد
الكرة الطائرة
كرة السلة
الهوكي
التعليم
توجد أربع مؤسسات تعليم عالي في ڤوبرتال:
- كلية اللاهوت ڤوبرتال/بتهل
النقل
السكك الحديدية
العلاقات الدولية
مدن شقيقة
ڤوبرتال على توأمة مع:
|
معرض الصور
الهوامش والمصادر
- ^ Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021.
- ^ Marvin Brendel. "110 Jahre Aspirin" (in German). GeschichtsPuls. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Official website Vorwerk - Kobold vacuum cleaners". Retrieved 2011-05-22.
- ^ "Official website European Institute for International Economic Relations". Retrieved 2013-03-02.
- ^ Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946, Stackpole Books (Revised Edition 2006), p. 147
- ^ de:Einwohnerentwicklung von Wuppertal
- ^ "Germany: States and Major Cities".
- ^ CNN: 20 places to visit in 2020 [1])
- ^ "Official website Junior Uni Wuppertal – Bergisches Land" (in الألمانية). Retrieved March 14, 2013.
- ^ Emory, Sami; Meichsner, Andreas (December 25, 2019). "The Secret Afterlife of Lost German Luggage". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- ^ "Partnerstädte". wuppertal.de (in الألمانية). Wuppertal. Retrieved 2019-11-23.
- ^ "Our partner: Shonan Monorail". www.schwebebahn.de. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
- ^ "Twin cities of the City of Kosice". Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
وصلات خارجية
- Official website (in ألمانية)
- (in ألمانية and إنگليزية) Wuppertal, Information | Photos
- ڤوپرتال travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Official website of the University of Wuppertal
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- CS1 الألمانية-language sources (de)
- CS1 الإنجليزية الأمريكية-language sources (en-us)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- Germany articles requiring maintenance
- Pages using infobox German location with unknown parameters
- Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
- Pages using infobox German location with an elevation range
- All articles lacking reliable references
- Articles lacking reliable references from August 2019
- Articles containing فرنسية-language text
- Articles containing ألمانية-language text
- Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Articles with ألمانية-language sources (de)
- Articles with إنگليزية-language sources (en)
- Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
- ڤوبرتال
- مدن في شمال الراين-وستفاليا
- Rhine Province
- جاليات يهودية تاريخية
- تأسيسات 1929 في ألمانيا
- أماكن مأهولة تأسست في 1929