ڤولگاتا

"Catholic Vulgate" redirects here. For other uses, see Catholic Vulgate (توضيح).

8th-century Vulgate (Codex Sangallensis 63) with the Comma Johanneum at the bottom margin

The Vulgate ( /ˈvʌlɡeɪt,_ʔɡət/; also called Biblia Vulgata, لاتينية: [ˈbɪbli.a wʊlˈɡaːta]) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible.

The Vulgate is largely the work of Jerome of Stridon who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Vetus Latina Gospels used by the Roman Church. Later, on his own initiative, Jerome extended this work of revision and translation to include most of the books of the Bible. The Vulgate became progressively adopted as the Bible text within the Western Church. Over succeeding centuries, it eventually eclipsed the Vetus Latina. By the 13th century it had taken over from the former version the designation versio vulgata (the "version commonly used") or vulgata for short. The Vulgate also contains some Vetus Latina translations which Jerome did not work on.

The Vulgate was to become the Catholic Church's officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible as the Sixtine Vulgate (1590), then as the Clementine Vulgate (1592), and then as the Nova Vulgata (1979). The Vulgate is still currently used in the Latin Church. The Catholic Church affirmed the Vulgate as its official Latin Bible at the Council of Trent (1545–1563), though there was no authoritative edition at that time. The Clementine edition of the Vulgate became the standard Bible text of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, and remained so until 1979 when the Nova Vulgata was promulgated.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 Some manuscripts

• Codex Amiatinus
• Codex Complutensis I
• Codex Fuldensis
• Codex Gigas
• Codex Sangallensis 1395
• List of New Testament Latin manuscripts
• Vulgate manuscripts

 Further reading

• Samuel Berger, Histoire de la Vulgate pendant les premiers siècles du Moyen Age (Paris 1893).
• R. Draguet, "Le Maître louvainiste, [Jean] Driedo, inspirateur du décret de Trente sur la Vulgate", in Festschrift volume, Miscellenea historica in honorem Alberti de Meyer (Louvain: Bibliothèque universitaire, 1946), pp. 836–854.
• Richard Gameson ed. The Early Medieval Bible, Cambridge University Press, 1994
• G. W. M. Lampe ed. The Cambridge History of the Bible. Vol 2 Cambridge University Press 1969.
• Richard Marsden, The Text of the Old Testament in Anglo-Saxon England, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
• C. H. Turner, The Oldest Manuscript of the Vulgate Gospels (The Clarendon Press: Oxford 1931).
• Steinmeuller, John E. (1938). "The History of the Latin Vulgate". CatholicCulture. Homiletic & Pastoral Review. pp. 252–257. Retrieved 18 سبتمبر 2019.
• Gallagher, Edmon (2015). "Why Did Jerome Translate Tobit and Judith?". Harvard Theological Review (in الإنجليزية). 108 (3): 356–75. doi:10.1017/S0017816015000231. S2CID 164400348 – via Academia.edu.

 External links

Clementine Vulgate

• The Clementine Vulgate, fully searchable and possible to compare with both the Douay Rheims and Knox Bibles side by side.
• Clementine Vulgate 1822, including Apocrypha
• Clementine Vulgate 1861, including Apocrypha
• The Clementine Vulgate, searchable. Michael Tweedale, et alii. Other installable modules include Weber's Stuttgart Vulgate. Missing 3 and 4 Esdras, and Manasses.
• Vulgata, Hieronymiana versio (Jerome's version), Latin text complete as ebook (public domain)
• The Vulgate New Testament, with the Douay Version of 1582. In Parallel Columns (London 1872).

Oxford Vulgate

• Wordsworth, John; White, Henry Julian, eds. (1889). Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi latine, secundum editionem Sancti Hieronymi. Vol. 1. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
• Wordsworth, John; White, Henry Julian, eds. (1941). Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi latine, secundum editionem Sancti Hieronymi. Vol. 2. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
• Wordsworth, John; White, Henry Julian, eds. (1954). Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi latine, secundum editionem Sancti Hieronymi. Vol. 3. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.

Stuttgart Vulgate

• Weber-Gryson (Stuttgart) edition, official online text
• Latin Vulgate with Parallel English Douay-Rheims and King James Version, Stuttgart edition, but missing 3 and 4 Esdras, Manasses, Psalm 151, and Laodiceans.

Nova Vulgata

• Nova Vulgata, from the Vatican website

Miscellaneous translations

• Jerome's Biblical Prefaces
• Vulgate text of Laodiceans including a parallel English translation
• Psalmus 151 Latin text

Works about the Vulgate

• Eight examples of the Vulgate, 13th – 15th centuries, Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Libraries
• Timeline of Jerome's translations
• Title pages from early editions
• Works by or about ڤولگاتا at Internet Archive
• Works by ڤولگاتا at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)