نانتونج

Nantong 南通市 Nantung
Prefecture-level city
Left to right, top to bottom: Nantong skyline on the Hao River, Nantong Bell Tower, more buildings in Nantong, Shuihui Garden, the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge to Changshu.
Location of Nantong City jurisdiction in Jiangsu
Nantong Location of the city center in Jiangsu Nantong Nantong (شرق الصين) Nantong Nantong (الصين)
الإحداثيات (Nantong municipal government): 31°58′52″N 120°53′38″E
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Jiangsu
Municipal seat	Chongchuan District
الحكومة
• CPC Municipal Secretary	Lu Zhipeng (陆志鹏)
• Mayor	Han Liming (韩立明)
المساحة
• Prefecture-level city	8٬544٫1 كم² (3٬298٫9 ميل²)
• الحضر	2٬840 كم² (1٬100 ميل²)
• العمران	2٬840 كم² (1٬100 ميل²)
المنسوب	2 m (7 ft)
التعداد  (2020 census)
• Prefecture-level city	7٬726٬635
• الكثافة	900/km2 (2٬300/sq mi)
• Urban	3٬766٬534
• الكثافة الحضرية	1٬300/km2 (3٬400/sq mi)
• العمرانية	3٬766٬534
• الكثافة العمرانية	1٬300/km2 (3٬400/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	226000 (Urban centre) 226100-226600 (Other areas)
مفتاح الهاتف	513
ISO 3166 code	CN-JS-06
GDP	¥1102.69 billion (2021)
GDP per capita	¥142642 (2021)
Major Ethnicity	Han
County-level divisions	8
Township-level divisions	146
Licence Plate Prefixes	苏F
الموقع الإلكتروني	nantong.gov.cn

نانتونج أو نان‌تونگ ( Nantong P صينية: 南通؛ پن‌ين: Nántōng�; alternate names: Nan-t'ung, Nantung, Tongzhou, or Tungchow; Qihai dialect: [nie tʰoŋ]) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Jiangsu province, China. Located on the northern bank of the Yangtze River, near the river mouth. Nantong is a vital river port bordering Yancheng to the north; Taizhou to the west; Suzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai to the south across the river; and the East China Sea to the east. Its population was 7,726,635 as of the 2020 census, 3,766,534 of whom lived in the built-up area made up of three urban districts.

In September 26, 2004, the first World Metropolitan Development Forum was held in Nantong. In 2005, Nantong had a GDP growth of 15.4%, the highest growth rate in Jiangsu province, and in 2016 Nantong's GDP had a total of about 675 billion yuan, ranking the 21st in the whole country.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

Although the city took a blow from the economic depression of the 1930s, as well as the Japanese occupation of the 1930s and 40s, Nantong has remained an important center for the textile industry. Because of its deepwater harbor and connections to inland navigational canals, it was one of 14 port cities opened to foreign investment in recent Chinese economic reforms.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 الجغرافيا والمناخ

Nantong (labeled NAN-T'UNG 南通) (1952)

نانتونج
الصينية	南通
البريد	Nantung
المعنى الحرفي	southern passage
النسخ Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Nántōng Wade–Giles Nan2-t'ung1 Wu Romanization noe平thon平 Yue: Cantonese Jyutping naam4tung1

Tongzhou
الصينية	通州
البريد	Tungchow
النسخ Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Tōngzhōu Wade–Giles T'ung1-chou1

Because the coast of the East China Sea is constantly expanding eastward as the Yangtze River adds silt to its delta, the distance between Nantong and the seashore is getting longer than it once was in ancient times.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

In May 2021, a violent storm hit the city, leaving 11 people dead, and a further 102 people injured. According to authorities, many homes were badly damaged during the storm, and more than 3,000 people were evacuated. They were among many other cities on China's east coast that were affected.

Nantong has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are chilly and damp, and cold northwesterly winds caused by the Siberian high can force temperatures to fall below freezing at night although snowfall is relatively uncommon. Summers are hot and humid, and downpours or freak thunderstorms often occur. Monthly daily average temperatures range from 3.6 °C (38.5 °F) in January to 27.9 °C (82.2 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 16.2 °C (61.2 °F). With the plum rains in June and early July comes the rainiest part of the year.

Climate data for نانتونج (1981−2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	20.1 (68.2)	25.3 (77.5)	27.2 (81.0)	33.3 (91.9)	34.8 (94.6)	36.4 (97.5)	38.7 (101.7)	39.5 (103.1)	38.5 (101.3)	32.2 (90.0)	27.3 (81.1)	22.6 (72.7)	39.5 (103.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	7.5 (45.5)	9.7 (49.5)	14.0 (57.2)	19.8 (67.6)	25.2 (77.4)	28.3 (82.9)	31.9 (89.4)	31.6 (88.9)	28.0 (82.4)	23.1 (73.6)	16.7 (62.1)	10.2 (50.4)	20.5 (68.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	3.6 (38.5)	5.5 (41.9)	9.4 (48.9)	14.8 (58.6)	20.2 (68.4)	24.1 (75.4)	27.9 (82.2)	27.7 (81.9)	23.9 (75.0)	18.7 (65.7)	12.4 (54.3)	6.2 (43.2)	16.2 (61.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	0.7 (33.3)	2.3 (36.1)	5.7 (42.3)	10.6 (51.1)	16.0 (60.8)	20.8 (69.4)	25.0 (77.0)	24.8 (76.6)	20.8 (69.4)	15.1 (59.2)	8.8 (47.8)	3.0 (37.4)	12.8 (55.0)
Record low °C (°F)	−8.1 (17.4)	−5.1 (22.8)	−3.9 (25.0)	0.1 (32.2)	8.4 (47.1)	13.1 (55.6)	18.4 (65.1)	18.9 (66.0)	12.4 (54.3)	4.7 (40.5)	−1.4 (29.5)	−7.2 (19.0)	−8.1 (17.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	52.7 (2.07)	48.7 (1.92)	82.3 (3.24)	71.4 (2.81)	86.9 (3.42)	188.4 (7.42)	193.1 (7.60)	154.0 (6.06)	105.5 (4.15)	52.5 (2.07)	53.0 (2.09)	31.3 (1.23)	1٬119٫8 (44.08)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	8.5	9.1	12.0	10.5	11.1	12.2	13.3	11.2	9.9	8.3	7.1	5.4	118.6
Average relative humidity (%)	75	76	75	75	76	80	82	83	80	76	74	72	77
Mean monthly sunshine hours	131.3	126.6	152	176.9	184	133	183	196.1	167.8	167.7	141	144.5	1٬903٫9
Percent possible sunshine	41	40	41	45	43	31	42	48	46	48	45	46	43
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration
Source 2: Weather China (precipitation days 1971–2000)

 التاريخ

 العصر القديم

Because the coast of the East China Sea is constantly expanding eastward as the Yangtze River adds silt to its delta, the distance between Nantong and the seashore is getting longer than it once was in ancient times.

The area that is now Nantong was originally part of the state of Wu during the Spring and Autumn period, which was later conquered by the state of Yue in 473 BC. After yet again being subjected to a new foreign rule by the state of Chu in 334 BC, the inhabitants of present-day Nantong would again experience another regime change during the first unification of China by the state of Qin.

 العصر الإمبراطوري

Xuanmiao Temple, a Song dynasty architectural relic built in 1009, located in Chongchuan District.

From the Han dynasty up until the Tang dynasty, what is now called Nantong was a minor city county subordinate to Yangzhou. By AD 958, that city county had already gained sufficient importance for it to be upgraded to an independent prefecture called Tongzhou ("Opening Prefecture", possibly from its position near the mouth of the Yangtze) to be created. The increasing wealth of Yangzhou caused Tongzhou to be once again eclipsed as an administrative center in 1368.

When Tongzhou finally regained prefecture status in 1724 during the Qing dynasty, it was renamed to its present name Nantong ("Southern Tong") to avoid confusion with another administrative division also named Tongzhou, located near Beijing.

 العصر الحديث

Nantong was the first place in China to be developed into a modern city after the collapse of the Qing dynasty, and was also the birthplace of China's modern industry.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

The prosperity of Nantong has traditionally depended on salt production on the nearby seacoast, rice and cotton agriculture, and manufacture of cotton and silk textiles, especially Nantong blue calico.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} A local statesman and industrialist named Zhang Jian founded Nantong's first modern cotton mills in 1899. He then developed an industrial complex that included flour, oil, and silk reeling mills, a distillery, and a machinery shop.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} He also founded a shipping line and reclaimed saline agricultural land to the east of Nantong for cotton production. Thanks to these efforts, by 1911 Nantong was commonly called "Zhang Jian's Kingdom". In the early Republican period, the Nantong Special Administrative District included Chongming County, now part of Shanghai.

 الثقافة

• Xuanmiao Temple, structure built during the Song era.
• Nantong Confucian Temple
• Nantong Museum

 Dialect

المقالة الرئيسية: Nantong dialect

Nantong city and its six counties (or county-level cities) are rich in linguistic diversity, featuring both important Northern Wu varieties and highly divergent dialects of Mandarin (see Nantong dialect). People in the city of Nantong speak a unique dialect which sounds nothing like standard Mandarin or any other dialect, and it is also holds distinctive differences from surrounding dialects. About 2 million people in the southern parts of Tongzhou, Haimen, and Qidong speak the Wu language, the specific local variety of which is often referred to as "Qi-hai Hua" (启海话), meaning Qidong-Haimen speech. It is about the same as the dialect spoken on the neighbouring island of Chongming, Shanghai. People in northern parts of these counties speak the "Tongdong dialect" (صينية: 通东话؛ پن‌ين: Tōngdōnghuà؛ حرفياً: '"Eastern Tong Talk"'�. People in Rugao, Hai'an speak other dialects.

 السياحة

The Hao River, known as the Emerald Necklace of Nantong, surrounds the city with a total length of 15 km (9.3 mi). Most city scenery lines this river.

Nantong skyline seen behind the river Hao

Popular tourist sites include Langshan ("Wolf Hill"), which is around 110 meters high. On top of the hill is a Buddhist temple dedicated to a Song dynasty monk. Because of the monk's legendary powers over water demons, sailors pray to him for protection on their voyages.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

The Cao Gong Zhu Memorial Temple commemorates a local hero who defended the city against Japanese pirates in 1557.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

Shuihuiyuan Garden, meaning Water Garden, is unique of all Chinese classical gardens due its creation in the Hui style. It includes the tombs of several notable people, such as Luo Binwang, a famous poet of the Tang dynasty; Wen Tianxiang, the national hero of the Nansong dynasty; and Zhang Jian, the top scholar of the late Qing dynasty, who was a modern industrialist and supporter of education.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 الاقتصاد

Ferry on Yangtze River near Nantong

Nantong was historically known as an agricultural area and a traditional site for salt-making.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Its principal agricultural products include cotton, silk, rice, wheat, fishing, fruits, rice wine, and more. Currently, the city is making efforts to upgrade its farming sectors and increase production of organic foods.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

Nantong is one of the 14 port cities opened to foreign investment projects under China's current policies of modernization. Nantong was traditionally an industrial city, especially around the turn of the 20th century, specializing in salt and cotton textile production. Today's industrial corporations have made Nantong into an industrial hub since it opened its door to the outside world in the 1990s. With its excellent geographic location and the completion of two Yangtze River bridges, the prefecture is attracting more investment funding nationwide.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Many of these investments come from international corporations. In October 2007, Singapore RGM International signed an agreement with Rudong, a county under Nantong's jurisdiction, to invest in a port project, costing 9 billion Yuan or US$1.33 billion, at Rudong Yangkou Port.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

View of Guangxiao Temple and Wolf Hill, Chongchuan District

Today, Nantong is one of many fast-growing coastal cities in China.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} With the opening of Sutong Bridge in April 2008 and Chonghai Bridge in 2009, the city has been listed as the number one city in the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone for foreign investment, surpassing its rivals Suzhou, Hangzhou and Nanjing.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

As a sprawling metropolis, Nantong has experienced environment damage from its industrialization as well. The municipal government has been putting stiffer environmental policies into practice over the years and has spent tremendous amounts of money to curb pollution and plant more trees along its roads. The city is active in shutting down factories that do not meet its environment laws.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

Nantong has developed rapidly in the last 25 years, as have most of the cities in the Yangtze River Delta. Nantong's rapid economic growth is generally attributed to its advantageous location just north of Shanghai. Nantong's Sutong Bridge is expected to further Nantong's integration with Shanghai, cutting transportation time between the cities down from three hours to one hour.

The shipping corporation Cosco has a large port and ship repair yard on the river. Cosco (Nantong) Shipyard Co., Ltd, the first shipyard of the Cosco group, has placed itself adjacent to the busy port of Nantong. The yard has 1120 m of coastline and is equipped with one cape-size and one panamax size floating dock. Cosco Shipyard handles approximately 150 vessels per year. Nantong Mingde Heavy Industries originally operated a shipyard in Nantong, but declared bankruptcy in 2014. Minde's parent company, Jiangsu Sainty Marine Corporation, would cease operations in 2017.

Some companies in Nantong:

• Empire Clothing Co. Ltd. – Manufacturer of garments for men, women and children. Products gallery.
• Nantong No.2 Yarn-dyed Weaving Mill – Cloth and garment manufacturer.
• Nantong Taierte Clothing Co. Ltd. – Textile production and processing.
• Nantong Freezing Equipment Factory – Refrigeration and quick freezing equipment for the food industry.
• Nantong Printing and Dyeing Co. Ltd. – Textile processor. Product specifications.
• Nantong Suzhong Textile Co. Ltd. – Yarn and thread manufacturer. Product specifications.
• Nantong General Pharmaceutical Factory – Manufacturer of pharmaceutical materials such as tablets, capsules and injections. Product specifications.
• Nantong Xiaoxing Transformer Co., Ltd. -Various range of electric transformers
• Nantong Fujitsu Microelectronics Co Ltd

 Industrial zones

• Nantong Binhai Park

Established in January 2012 under the State-level development zone standard, Nantong Binhai Park is directly governed and intensively invested by the Nantong Municipality, shares superior policies and occupies a land area as much as 820 km² (320 sq mi). Binhai park is located at 50 km (31 mi) east to Nantong downtown, nearly 1.5 hrs drive to Shanghai Pudong and Hongqiao airports. Binhai park possesses unique transportation conditions both in expressways (Tongyang to Nantong downtown, Haiqi to Qidong and Shanghai Pudong) and sea ports (500 berths from 50,000 tons to 300,000 tons in Tongzhou Bay port cluster). Binhai park's industries focus on maritime & offshore, logistics, equipment manufacturing, new energy, advanced materials, electronics, etc.

• Nantong Economic & Technological Development Area

Established in 1984, Nantong Economic & Technological Development Area (NETDA) was one of the first state-level development zones approved by the Chinese Central Government and has been certified as an ISO 14000 National Demonstration Zone. The zone benefits from superior transportation facilities by both rail and road. NETDA has direct links to two railways: the Xinyi-Changxing Railway and the Nanjing-Qidong Railway. Su-Tong Yangtze River Bridge feeds into the center of NETDA and connects the Nanjing-Nantong and Yancheng-Nantong Expressways to the north, and Shanghai-Nanjing and Suzhou-Jiaxing-Hangzhou Expressways and Riverside Expressways to the south.

NETDA includes several subsidiary zones including Nantong Export Processing Zone, New Material Park, Opto-mechatronics Industrial Park and NETDA Business Park. Special incentives are offered for investments in areas of modern equipment manufacturing, such as in new materials, engineering, fine chemicals, new medicines, new energy and modern services. At present, NETDA has attracted a large number of renowned companies to settle in Nantong, such as Vonnex Allied IT Services, OJI Paper, Maxion, Johnson Controls, ITOCHU, TSRC Corporation, and Merck KGaA.

• China Singapore

Established in 2009, STP is one of the key projects of Jiangsu Province coastal development. It's also a joint-venture park between Suzhou and Nantong, linking them on either side of the Yangtze River. The intended area is 50 km² (19 sq mi) and is to be developed in three phases. It claims the project as "An International Enterprise Park and Eco-friendly City in Yangtze Delta".

• Nantong Export Processing Zone

Nantong Export Processing Zone (NTEPZ) is situated in the Nantong Economic and Technological Development Area with a planned area of 2.98 km² (1.15 sq mi). The Tong-Qi canal marks its western and northern boundaries, with Dongfang Avenue and Fuxin Road its eastern and southern boundaries respectively. NTPEZ is located at a communication hub, adjoining the main coastal artery of communications between north and south, close to the estuary of the Yangtze River, only 8 kilometers to the Su(Suzhou)-Tong(Nangtong) Changjiang Bridge.

 Administration

انظر أيضاً: List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu

The prefecture-level city of Nantong administers eight county-level divisions, including three districts, three county-level cities, and one county.

These are further divided into 146 township-level divisions.

Administrative divisions of Nantong
Chongchuan Tongzhou Haimen Hai'an (city) Rudong County Qidong (city) Rugao (city)
Subdivision	Chinese (S)	Pinyin	Postal	Population (2010 census)	Area (km2)	Density (/km2)
Chongchuan District	崇川区	Chóngchuān Qū	226000	1,134,588	578.32	1,961.87
Tongzhou District	通州区	Tōngzhōu Qū	226300	1,138,738	1,561.97	729.04
Haimen District	海门区	Hǎimén Qū	226100	907,598	1,143.51	793.69
Rural
Rudong County	如东县	Rúdōng Xiàn	226400	995,983	2,791.17	356.83
Satellite cities (County-level cities)
Qidong City	启东市	Qǐdōng Shì	226200	972,525	1,714.59	567.21
Rugao City	如皋市	Rúgāo Shì	226500	1,267,066	1,576.12	803.91
Hai'an City	海安市	Hǎi'ān Shì	226600	866,337	1,183.57	731.97
Total				7,282,835	10,549.25	690.37

• Defunct – Gangzha District has been promoted to Gangzha Economic Development Zone (Gangzha Jingji Kaifa Qu – 港闸经济开发区) at the provincial level.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 Transportation

 Air

Nantong Xingdong International Airport, located in the town of Xingdong in Tongzhou District, 9.8 kilometers northeast of city center and 120 kilometers from Shanghai, serves Nantong and its neighboring areas. The construction of terminal 2 was completed in 2014, marking an important step towards serving international flights.

 Road

Nantong has two bridges across the Yangtze to the south. The Chongming–Qidong Yangtze River Bridge, completed in 2011, carries the G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway from Qidong to Chongming Island. The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, which carries the G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway from Nantong to Changshu, was completed in 2008 and is one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world.

 Rail

The Nanjing-Qidong (Ningqi) and Xinyi-Changxing (Xinchang) railways intersect at Hai'an in the northwestern part of Nantong Prefecture. The Nantong–Shanghai railway opened in 2020 with the Hutong Yangtze River Bridge and provides a link south to Suzhou and Shanghai.

Currently, Nantong Railway station and Hai'An railway station have the highest train volume in the city. Due to the single-track nature of the Nanjing-Qidong railway east of Nantong railway station, Electrified Multiple Unit service are not available beyond Nantong railway station; Qidong railway station currently receives 4 round trip trains per day operated as "K" trains. A line from Hai'an also connects Rudong county to the national rail network, with daily departures bounding for Nanjing.

The first line of the Nantong Metro opened in 2022.

 التعليم

The bell tower in the campus of Nantong Middle School

Nantong hosts a comprehensive university, Nantong University (made by the merger of the former Nantong Medical College, former Nantong Normal College, and former Nantong Engineer College). It includes 21 schools and had around 22,000 registered students in 2007.

Nantong has contributed to China's educational development with several firsts: establishment of the first school for teacher training, the first folk museum (Nantong Museum), the first school for industrial textile manufacturing, the first school for embroidery, the first drama school, and the first school for the deaf and the blind.

Zhang Jian founded the first normal school in modern China, Nantong Normal College. Zhang also founded museums, libraries, and theaters, making Nantong into an important cultural center.

• Secondary schools (incomplete list):
  • Nantong Middle School
  • Nantong No.1 Middle School
• Universities and colleges:
  • Nantong University
• International Schools
  • Nantong Stalford International School http://en.ntsis.com/

 Social Welfare Institute

Location of Nantong Social Welfare Institute

Established in 1906, Nantong Social Welfare Institute was originally created by Zhang Jian as a house for orphans, the aged, and the disabled.

Located on the banks of the Haohe, the site of the institute has an area of 13.2 mu (8,800 m²). At present, there are 79 staff members who care for around 170 orphans, widows, and disabled children, plus 70 retirees. Since 1952, Nantong Social Welfare Institute has adopted more than 16,000 elderly, orphaned and disabled children.

 Notable people

• Ge Jun (born 1964), college and university professor

 See also

• List of twin towns and sister cities in China

 Further reading

• Qin Shao, Culturing Modernity: The Nantong Model, 1890–1930 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004).
• Bao, Mingwei & Wang, Jun (2002). Nantong Diqu Fangyan Yanjiu [A Study on the Dialects in Nantong Area]. Jiangsu Jiaoyu Press.

 External links

ابحث عن Nan-t'ung في
قاموس المعرفة.

• Government website of Nantong (available in Chinese, Japanese and English)