قائمة الأسر، الدويلات أو الامبراطوريات التالية الناطقة بالتوركية، من أصول توركية، أو كلاهما. يوجد حالياً ستة دول سيادية تركية معترف بها. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، هناك ستة كيانات فدرالية روسية والتي تشكل فيها اللغة التوركية الأغلبية، وثلاث تشكل فيها التوركية الأقلية، وكذلك، القرم، الأراضي المتنازع عليها بين أوكرانيا وروسيا حيث اللغات التوركية تشغل الأقلية. هناك عدد من الكونفدراليات، الأسر، والامبراطوريات التوركية على مدار التاريخ عبر القارة الأوراسية.
خريطة العالم موضح عليها البلدان التوركية المستقة العترف بها في الحاضر مظللة بالأحمر.
كيانات معاصرة لديها لغة توركية واحدة على الأقل معترف بها كلغة رسمية
كانت تعرف أيضاً بالامبراطورية التوركية، تركيا العثمانية أو تركيا، كانت امبراطورية تأسست عام 1299 على يد تورك الأوغوز تحت قيادة عثمان الأول في شمال غرب الأناضول
The Karamanli dynasty was an independent or quasi-independent,[24] who ruled from 1711 to 1835 in Tripolitania (Tripoli and its surroundings in present-day Libya). At their peak, the Karamanlis' influence reached Cyrenaica and Fezzan, covering most of Libya. The founder of the dynasty was Pasha Ahmed Karamanli, a descendant of the Karamanids.
Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han Emperors; some indicate Shatuo ancestry while another claims that the Emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.[30]
Same family as Later Han. Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han Emperors; some indicate Shatuo ancestry while another claims that the Emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.[30]
Republic of Western Thrace was a small, short-lived partially recognized republic established in Western Thrace from August 31 to October 25, 1913. It encompassed the area surrounded by the rivers Maritsa (Evros) in the east, Mesta (Nestos) in the west, the Rhodope Mountains in the north and the Aegean Sea in the south. Its total territory was c. 8.600 km².[46]
Established in Iranian Azerbaijan, the APG's capital was the city of Tabriz. Its establishment and demise were a part of the Iran crisis, which was a precursor to the Cold War.
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^The Yenisei Kirghiz Khagans claimed to be of agnatic Chinese descent from Li Ling[10][11]
^Encyclopedia of European peoples, Vol.1, Ed. Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason, (Infobase Publishing Inc., 2006), 475; "The Kipchaks were a loose tribal confederation of Turkics...".
^Vásáry, István, Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365, (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 6; "..two Turkic confederacies, the Kipchaks and the Cumans, had merged by the twelfth century.".
^Peter Sarris (2011). Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500–700. p. 308. {{cite book}}: External link in |ref= (help)
^ The Emergence of Muslim Rule in India: Some Historical Disconnects and Missing Links, Tanvir Anjum, Islamic Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Summer 2007), 233.
^Abulafia, David (2011). The Mediterranean in History. p. 170. {{cite book}}: External link in |ref= (help)
^Haag, Michael (2012). The Tragedy of the Templars: The Rise and Fall of the Crusader States. {{cite book}}: External link in |ref= (help)
^Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index. p. 382. {{cite book}}: External link in |ref= (help)
^C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 62.
^C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 191.
^Wudai Shi, ch. 75. Considering the father was originally called Nieliji without a surname, the fact that his patrilineal ancestors all had Chinese names here indicates that these names were probably all created posthumously after Shi Jingtang became a "Chinese" emperor. Shi Jingtang actually claimed to be a descendant of Chinese historical figures Shi Que and Shi Fen, and insisted that his ancestors went westwards towards non-Han Chinese area during the political chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty in the early 3rd century.
^ أبM.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINKArchived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine): "... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."
^Muhammad Qāsim Hindū Šāh Astarābādī Firištah, "History Of The Mohamedan Power In India", Chapter I, "Sultān Mahmūd-e Ghaznavī", p.27: "... "Sabuktegin, the son of Jūkān, the son of Kuzil-Hukum, the son of Kuzil-Arslan, the son of Fīrūz, the son of Yezdijird, king of Persia. ..."
^Jonathan Dewald, "Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World", Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24
^K.A. Luther, "Alp Arslān" in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK): "... Saljuq activity must always be viewed both in terms of the wishes of the sultan and his Khorasanian, Sunni advisors, especially Nezām-al-molk ..."
^Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."
^1.Bernard Lewis, Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire, 29; "Even when the land of Rum became politically independent, it remained a colonial extension of Turco-Persian culture which had its centers in Iran and Central Asia","The literature of Seljuk Anatolia was almost entirely in Persian...".
^M. Ismail Marcinkowski, Persian Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India and Early Ottoman Turkey, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth, member of the British Academy, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2003, ISBN9971-77-488-7.
^C.E. Bosworth and R. Bulliet, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual , Columbia University Press, 1996, ISBN0-231-10714-5, p. 275.
^They were always counted as a part of the Mongols within the Mongol Empire, however, scholars traditionally believe that they were the Turkic people, see also: Christopher P. Atwood – Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire ISBN9780816046713, Facts on File, Inc. 2004.