الهجرة التوركية

خريطة من كتاب محمود القشغري، ديوان لغات الترك، تبين توزيع القرن 11 للقبائل التوركية.

The Pontic steppe, c. 650, showing the early territories of the الخزر والبلغار وAvars

Europe, showing the area of main Pecheneg settlement, c. 1015

Great Seljuq Empire in 1092, upon the death of ملك شاه الأول

قومانيا في أوراسيا، حوالي 1200

الهجرة التوركية Turkic migration تشير إلى توسع القبائل التوركية في أوروبا والشرق الأوسط، بين القرنين السادس والحادي عشر الميلاديين. The region of origin of the Turks is East Central Asia, Xinjiang, Mongolia and Siberia.

Certainly identified Turkic tribes were known by the 6th century and by the 10th century most of Central Asia was settled by Turkic tribes. The Seljuq dynasty invaded Anatolia starting in the 11th century, ultimately resulting in permanent Turkic settlement there. Meanwhile, other Turkic tribes either ultimately formed independent nations, such as Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan or formed enclaves within other nations, such as Chuvashia. Turkic peoples also survived in their original range, such as the Uyghurs in China and the Sakha Republic of Siberia, as well as in other scattered places of the Far East and Central Asia.

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الأسلاف

The earliest documented Turkic peoples appear as nomadic tribes on the plains of the Far East north of the Great Wall of China, which was constructed as a fortified border essentially between Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) China (though started earlier) and the Xiongnu.

الهون

The Hunnic Empire of about AD 450 as seen by European authors. The star marks where the nomadic Huns chose to encamp, the Hungarian plain, a sort of enclave of steppe country in a mountainous region.

الأويغور

Later Turkic peoples include the Karluks (mainly 8th century), Uyghurs, Kyrgyz, Oghuz (or Guz, Uz, Ghuzz, etc.) Turks, and Turkmens. As these peoples were founding states in the area between Mongolia and Transoxiana, they came into contact with Muslims, and most gradually adopted Islam. However, there were also some other groups of Turkic people who belonged to other religions, including Christians, Jews (انظر الخزر)، Buddhists, and Zoroastrians.

التركمان

Settlements and regions affected during the first wave of Turkish invasions in Asia Minor (1050-1204).

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

المراجع

Findley, Carter Vaughnm, The Turks in World History, Oxford University Press: Oxford (2005).
Holster, Charles Warren, The Turks of Central Asia Praeger: Westport, Connecticut (1993).

وصلات خارجية

The Turkic Expansion