انتخابات حسب البلد
جزء من سلسلة السياسة |
انتخابات |
---|
مصطلحات |
فرعيات |
قوائم |
بوابة السياسة |
البلد | رأس الدولة | برلمان/هيئة تشريعية | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
مجلس النواب | مجلس الشيوخ | ||||
أفغانستان | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخابات وتعيينات غير مباشرة | ||
آلان | انتخاب مباشر | ||||
ألبانيا | انتخاب بواسطة البرلمان | انتخاب مباشر | |||
الجزائر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخابات وتعيينات غير مباشرة | ||
ساموا الأمريكية | [1] | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
أندورا | Ex officio[2] | انتخاب مباشر | |||
أنگولا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
أنگويلا | انتخاب مباشر | ||||
أنتيگا وباربودا | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | تعيينات | ||
الأرجنتين | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
أرمنيا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
اوروبا | انتخاب مباشر | ||||
أستراليا | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | |||
النمسا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
أذربيجان | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
الباهاما | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | تعيينات | ||
البحرين | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | تعيينات | ||
بنگلادش | انتخابات حسب البرلمات | انتخاب مباشر | |||
باربادوس | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | تعيينات | ||
روسيا البيضاء | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخابات غير مباشرة وتعيينات | ||
بلجيكا | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر وغير مباشرة | ||
بليز | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | تعيينات | ||
بنين | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
برمودا | انتخاب مباشر | تعيينات | |||
بوتان | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر وتعيينات | ||
بوليڤيا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
البوسة والهرسك | رئاسة جماعية | انتخاب مباشر | انتخابات غير مباشرة | ||
بتسوانا | انتخابات حسب البرلمان | انتخاب مباشر | وراثية وتعيينات | ||
البرازايل | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
الجزر العذراء البريطانية | انتخاب مباشر | ||||
بروناي | ملكية | تعيينات | |||
بلغاريا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
بوركينا فاسو | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
بوروندي | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخابات غير مباشرة | ||
كمبوديا | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | |||
الكاميرون | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
كندا | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | تعيينات | ||
الرأس الأخضر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
جزر كايمان | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | |||
جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
تشاد | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
تشيلي | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
الصين | انتخاب بواسطة البرلمان | انتخابات غير مباشرة | |||
كمبوديا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
جزر القمر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخابات غير مباشرة | |||
الكونغو (برازفيل) | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخابات غير مباشرة | ||
الكونغو (كنشاسا) | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
جزر كوك | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | |||
كوستا ريكا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
ساح العاج | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
كرواتيا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
كوبا | انتخاب حسب البرلمان | انتخاب مباشر | |||
قبرص | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
جمهورية التشيك | انتخاب حسب البرلمان | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
الدنمارك | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | |||
جيبوتي | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
دومينيكا | انتخاب حسب البرلمان | الانتخابات في دومينيكا وتعيينات[3] | |||
جمهورية الدمينيكان | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
تيمور الشرقية | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
الاكوادور | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
انجلترا | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | |||
مصر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر وتعيينات | ||
السلڤادور | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
غينيا الاستوائية | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
اريتريا | تعيين-ذاتي | تعيين | |||
استونيا | انتخاب بواسطة البرلمان (1.-3. round) / electoral college (4. round) | انتخاب مباشر | |||
اثيوبيا | انتخاب حسب البرلمان | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
الاتحاد الاوروپي | جماعية من الدول الأعضاء ورؤساء الحكومات | انتخاب مباشر | جماعية من وزراء في حكومات الدول الاعضاء | ||
جزر فوكلاند | Direct election | ||||
جزر فارو | Direct election | ||||
فيجي | Election by Great Council of Chiefs | Direct election | |||
فنلندا | Direct election | Direct election | |||
فرنسا | Direct election | Direct election | Indirect election | ||
French Polynesia | Direct election | ||||
Gabon | Direct election | Direct election | Indirect election | ||
Gambia | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Georgia | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Germany | Election by electoral college | Direct election | Representation of state governments | ||
Ghana | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Gibraltar | Direct election | ||||
Greece | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Greenland | Direct election | ||||
Grenada | Monarchy | Direct election | Appointments | ||
Guam | [4] | Direct election | |||
Guatemala | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Guernsey | Direct election | ||||
Guinea | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Guinea-Bissau | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Guyana | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
هايتي | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
Honduras | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Hong Kong | Election by election committee | Direct election and election by functional constituencies | |||
Hungary | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Iceland | Direct election | Direct election | |||
India | Election by electoral college | Direct election | Indirect election | ||
Indonesia | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Iran | Direct election | Direct election | |||
العراق | انتخاب حسب البرلمات | انتخاب مباشر | |||
Ireland | Direct election | Direct election | Election by functional constituencies | ||
Isle of Man | Direct election | Indirect election/ex officio | |||
إسرائيل | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
إيطاليا | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
جاميكا | ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | تعيين | ||
اليابان | Monarchy | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Jersey | Direct election | ||||
Jordan | Monarchy | Direct election | Appointment | ||
Kazakhstan | Direct election | Direct election | Indirect election and appointments | ||
Kenya | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Kiribati | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Kosovo | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Kuwait | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Kyrgyzstan | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Laos | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Latvia | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
لبنان | الانتخاب بواسطة البرلمان | انتخاب مباشر | |||
Lesotho | Monarchy | Direct election | Appointments | ||
Liberia | Direct election | Direct election | |||
ليبيا | انتخاب بواسطة البرلمان | Representatives of the Basis People's Congresses | |||
Liechtenstein | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Lithuania | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Luxembourg | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Macau | Election by election committee | Direct election | |||
Macedonia | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Madagascar | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Malawi | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Malaysia | Election by the rulers of the Malay states | Direct election | Indirect election and appointments | ||
Maldives | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Mali | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Malta | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Marshall Islands | Direct election | Direct election | |||
موريتانيا | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Mauritius | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Mayotte | Direct election | ||||
Mexico | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Micronesia | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Moldova | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Monaco | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Mongolia | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Montenegro | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Montserrat | Direct election | ||||
المغرب | Monarchy | Direct election | Indirect election and election by functional groups | ||
Mozambique | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Myanmar | Self-appointment | [5] | |||
Nagorno Karabakh | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Namibia | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Nauru | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Nepal | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Netherlands | Monarchy | Direct election | Indirect election | ||
Netherlands Antilles | Direct election | ||||
New Caledonia | Direct election | ||||
New Zealand | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Nicaragua | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Niger | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Nigeria | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Niue | Direct election | ||||
Norfolk | Direct election | ||||
North Korea | Deceased[6] | Direct election | |||
Northern Cyprus | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Northern Ireland | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Northern Marianas | [7] | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Norway | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Oman | Monarchy | Indirect election | Appointments | ||
Pakistan | Election by electoral college | Direct election | Indirect election | ||
Palau | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Palestinian National Authority | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Panama | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Papua New Guinea | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Paraguay | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Peru | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Philippines | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Pitcairn Islands | Indirect election | ||||
Poland | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Portugal | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Puerto Rico | [8] | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Qatar | Monarchy | Appointments | |||
Romania | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
روسيا | Direct election | Direct election | Indirect election and appointments | ||
Rwanda | Direct election | Direct election | Indirect election and appointments | ||
Saint Helena | Direct election | ||||
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Monarchy | Direct election and appointments | |||
Saint Lucia | Monarchy | Direct election | Appointments | ||
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Direct election | ||||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Monarchy | Direct election and appointments | |||
Samoa | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
San Marino | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
São Tomé and Príncipe | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Saudi Arabia | Monarchy | Appointments | |||
Scotland | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Senegal | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Serbia | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Seychelles | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Sierra Leone | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Singapore | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Slovakia | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Slovenia | Direct election | Direct election | Representation of interest groups | ||
Solomon Islands | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Somalia | Transition | Transition | |||
Somaliland | Direct election | Direct election | Traditional leaders | ||
South Africa | Election by parliament | Direct election | Indirect election | ||
South Korea | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Spain | Monarchy | Direct election | Direct and indirect election | ||
Sri Lanka | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Sudan | Direct election | Appointments due to transition | Indirect election | ||
Suriname | Election by electoral college | Direct election | |||
Swaziland | Monarchy | Elected by traditional local councils and appointments | Elected by lower house and appointments | ||
Sweden | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Switzerland | Election by parliament | Direct election | Direct election | ||
سوريا | بالموفقة في استفتاء | انتخاب مباشر | |||
Taiwan (Republic of China) | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Tajikistan | Direct election | Direct election | Indirect election and appointments | ||
Tanzania | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Thailand | Monarchy | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Togo | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Tokelau | Direct election | ||||
Tonga | Monarchy | Partially direct election, partially by limited suffrage, partially ex officio | |||
Transnistria | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Trinidad and Tobago | Election by parliament | Direct election | Appointments | ||
تونس | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب غير مباشر وتعيين | ||
تركيا | انتخاب من البرلمان | انتخاب مباشر | |||
Turkmenistan | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Turks and Caicos | Direct election | ||||
Tuvalu | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Uganda | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Ukraine | Direct election | Direct election | |||
United Arab Emirates | De facto monarchy | Appointments | |||
المملكة المتحدة|ملكية | انتخاب مباشر | Appointments and hereditary/indirect election | |||
الولايات المتحدة | انتخاب غير مباشر/انتخاب من قبل كلية الناخبين | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | ||
Uruguay | Direct election | Direct election | Direct election | ||
Uzbekistan | Direct election | Direct election | Indirect election and appointments | ||
Vanuatu | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Vatican City | Election by Cardinals | Appointments | |||
Venezuela | Direct election | Direct election | |||
Vietnam | Election by parliament | Direct election | |||
Virgin Islands of the United States | [9] | Direct election | |||
Wales | Monarchy | Direct election | |||
Wallis and Futuna | انتخاب مباشر | ||||
الصحراء الغربية | تعيين | تعيينات | |||
اليمن | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر | |||
زامبيا | انتخاب مباشر | انتخاب مباشر |
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المصادر
- ^ ساموا الأمريكية تنتخب حاكم
- ^ رئيس فرنسا and the Bishop of Urgell are co-heads of state
- ^ The elected Representatives of the Dominican parliament decide whether senators are to be elected by them or appointed by the president.
- ^ Guam elects a Governor
- ^ Myanmar has no legislature
- ^ North Korea's president Kim Il-sung died in 1994, but has since been named the "Eternal President". His successor is thus not given the title of President.
- ^ The Northern Marianas elect a Governor
- ^ Puerto Rico elects a Governor
- ^ The U.S. Virgin Islands elect a Governor
انظر أيضا
وصلات خارجية
- http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch.asp PARLINE database on national parliaments - contains information on the structure and working methods of 265 parliamentary chambers in all of the 189 countries where a national legislature exists.
- ACE Electoral Knowledge Network Expert site providing encyclopedia on Electoral Systems and Management, country by country data, a library of electoral materials, latest election news, the opportunity to submit questions to a network of electoral experts, and a forum to discuss all of the above
- International Idea Stockholm based International Organisation working as an interface between those who analyse and monitor trends in democracy, and those who engage directly in political reform or act in support of democracy at home and abroad.
- Worldwide Electoral Calendar
- Angus Reid Consultants - Election Tracker
- Wilfried Derksen's Electionworld
- Parties and Elections in Europe
- Election Resources
- Adam Carr's Election Archive
- IFES Electionguide
- African Elections Database
- TrendLines Research Election Projections Chart tracking of significant upcoming Elections by seats and/or sentiment.
- Legislative Chambers : Unicameral or Bicameral ?