ألكسندر ڤوتشيتش

ألكسندر ڤوتشيتش
Aleksandar Vučić
Александар Вучић
Aleksandar Vučić 2019 (cropped).jpg
رئيس صربيا الخامس
تولى المنصب
31 مايو 2017
رئيس الوزراءإيڤيتسا داتشيتش (بالإنابة)
آنا برنابيتش
Miloš Vučević
سبقهتوميسلاڤ نيكوليتش
رئيس وزراء صربيا الــ11
في المنصب
27 أبريل 2014 – 31 مايو 2017
الرئيستوميسلاڤ نيكوليتش
النائبإيڤيتسا داتشيتش
سبقهإيڤيتسا داتشيتش
خلـَفهإيڤيتسا داتشيتش (بالإنابة)
نائب أول رئيس وزراء صربيا
في المنصب
27 يوليو 2012 – 27 أبريل 2014
رئيس الوزراءإيڤيتسا داتشيتش
سبقهإيڤيتسا داتشيتش
خلـَفهإيڤيتسا داتشيتش
وزير الدفاع
في المنصب
27 يوليو 2012 – 2 سبتمبر 2013
رئيس الوزراءإيڤيتسا داتشيتش
سبقهدراگان شوتانوڤاتس
خلـَفهنبويشا روديتش
وزير الإعلام
في المنصب
24 مارس 1998 – 24 أكتوبر 2000
رئيس الوزراءميركو ماريانوڤتش
سبقهرادميلا ميلنتييڤتش
خلـَفهإيڤيتسا داتشيتش
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد5 مارس 1970 (العمر 54 سنة)
بلگراد، يوغسلاڤيا
(الآن صربيا)
الحزبالحزب الراديكالي المتطرف (1993–2008)
الحزب التقدمي (2008–الحاضر)
الزوج
كسينيا يانكوڤيتش
​
​
(m. 1997; div. 2011)​

تمارا دوكانوڤيتش
​
(m. 2013)​
الأنجال3
المدرسة الأمجامعة بلگراد
التوقيع
الموقع الإلكترونيvucic.rs
Aleksandar Vučić 2019 (cropped).jpg هذا المقال هو جزء من
سلسلة عن
ألكسندر ڤوتشيتش
  • المناصب

وزير الإعلام (1998–2000)
وزير الدفاع (2012–2013)
نائب رئيس الوزراء (2012–2014)

رئاسة الحكومة

الانتخابات

رئيس صربيا

الانتخابات

العائلة

ألكسندر ڤوتشيتش's signature

Flag of the President of Serbia.svg

ألكسندر ڤوتشيتش (سيريلية صربية: Александар Вучић, تـُنطق [aleksǎːndar ʋǔt͡ʃit͡ɕ]؛ إنگليزية: Aleksandar Vučić؛ وُلِد في 5 مارس 1970[1]) هو سياسي صربي ورئيس صربيا منذ 31 مايو 2017. كما شغل منصب رئيس وزراء صربيا منذ 27 أبريل 2014. كما أنه زعيم ورئيس الحزب التقدمي الصربي (SNS). عمل ڤوتشيتش وزيراً للإعلام منذ 1998 حتى 2000 ولاحقاً وزيراً للدفاع من 2012 حتى 2013، كما عمل نائباً أول لرئيس الوزراء من 2012 حتى 2014.

وُلِد ڤوتشيتش في بلگراد، وهو خريج كلية الحقوق، جامعة بلگراد. Vučić began his political career in 1993, as a member of the far-right Serbian Radical Party (SRS) in the National Assembly of Serbia. In 1995, he became the secretary-general of SRS. He was appointed minister of information in 1998 in the government of Mirko Marjanović. During his tenure as minister, which lasted until the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević in 2000, Vučić introduced restrictive measures against journalists and banned foreign TV networks.[2][3] After 2000, he was one of the most prominent figures in the Serbian opposition. Together with Tomislav Nikolić, Vučić left SRS and co-founded SNS in 2008, initially serving as its deputy president. SNS became the largest party in the 2012 election and SNS soon formed a government with the Socialist Party of Serbia. Vučić was appointed first deputy prime minister and elected president of SNS.

Despite not being prime minister, Vučić held the most influence and power due to being the leader of the largest party in the government.[4][5][6] He was one of the crucial figures in cooperation and European Union (EU)-mediated dialogue between the governments of Kosovo and Serbia, advocating the implementation of the Brussels Agreement on the normalization of their relations. Vučić became prime minister in 2014, leading to the establishment of a dominant-party system.[7][8][9] He continued the accession process to the EU by privatizing state businesses and liberalizing the economy.[10] EU opened first chapters during the accession conference with the Serbian delegation led by Vučić in 2015. In 2017, Vučić was elected president of Serbia. He was re-elected in 2022. During his tenure as president, Vučić initiated Open Balkan, an economic zone of Balkan countries intended to guarantee "four freedoms", and signed an agreement in September 2020 to normalize economic relations with Kosovo. A populist politician, Vučić supports the accession of Serbia to the EU but also wants to retain good relations with Russia and China. Observers have described Vučić's rule as an authoritarian, autocratic or illiberal democratic regime, citing curtailed press freedom and a decline in civil liberties.[11][12][13][14]

وفي 11 يوليو 2015، قام بزيارة مقبرة ضحايا مذبحة سربرنيتسا، فقام أهالي الضحايا برميه بالأحذية ثم الطوب، مما اضطره للمغادرة راكضاً.

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النشأة

وُلِد ألكسندر ڤوتشيتش في عائلة أندلكو ڤوتشيتش وأنجلينا ميلانوڤ في بلگراد. وله شقيق أصغر أندري.[15]

وتنحدر أسرة والده من چيپولييتش، بوگوينو، في وسط البوسنة. عائلته طـُرِدت من بوگوينو على يد القوات الفاشية الكرواتية (أوستاشي) أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية واستقروا بالقرب من بلگراد، حيث وُلِد والده. [16] According to Vučić, his paternal grandfather Anđelko and tens of other close relatives were killed by the Ustaše.[17]

وُلِدت أمه في بتشـِيْ في ڤويڤودينا.[16] كلا أبويه تخرجا من قسم الاقتصاد بالجامعة. عمل والده اقتصادياً، ووالدته صحفية.[16]

Vučić was raised in New Belgrade,[16] where he attended the Branko Radičević Elementary School, and later a gymnasium in Zemun. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law. He learned English in Brighton, England, and worked as a merchant in London for some time. After returning to Yugoslavia, he worked as a journalist in Pale, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. There, he interviewed politician Radovan Karadžić and once played chess with general Ratko Mladić.[18] As a youngster, Vučić was a fan of Red Star Belgrade, often attending their matches,[18] including the one played between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star on 13 May 1990, which turned into a huge riot.[19] The homes of his relatives were destroyed in the Bosnian War.[17]


سيرته السياسية

في 2007، طالب ألكسندر ڤوتشيتش بإطلاق اسم راتكو ملادتش على شارع في بلگراد تكريماً لدوره الوطني.

انضم ألكسندر ڤوتشيتش إلى الحزب الراديكالي الصربي المتطرف (SRS) في 1993 وانتـُخِب في المجلس الوطني إثر الانتخابات البرلمانية 1993. وبعد عامين، في عمر 24، أصبح ڤوتشيتش الأمين العام للحزب الراديكالي المتطرف. وبعد فوز حزبه في الانتخابات المحلية في زيمون في 1996، أصبح مدير Pinki Hall.[20] وأثناء عضويته في الحزب الراديكالي، ألقى ڤوتشيتش العديد من الخطب النارية. احداهن كانت في المجلس الوطني الصربي في 20 يوليو 1995، وقال فيها: "لو قـَتلت صربياً واحداً، فسنقتل 100 بوشناقي مسلم."[21][22] وقد قال ذلك بعد أيام قليلة من مذبحة سربرنيتسا التي قـُتـِل فيها، بمنهجية، أكثر من 8000 مسلم ذكر على يد القوات الصربية.[23] ترشح ڤوتشيتش مرتين لمنصب عمدة بلگراد، في 2004 وتارة أخرى في 2008، ليخسر في المرتين لمرشحين من الحزب الديمقراطي (DS).

الرئيس (2017–الحاضر)

The election result sparked protests around Serbia. Thousands of protesters accused Vučić of leading the country towards authoritarianism. Protesters organized the rallies through social media, insisted that they are not linked to any party or politician, and demanded a total overhaul of what they call "corrupt political, business and media systems that serve an elite led by Mr Vučić".[24] Vučić maintained that the protests were organized by his political opponents who expected "the dictator would bring the police into the streets."[25]

However, Vučić was sworn in as President of Serbia on 31 May, in front of Parliament.[26] He promised to continue with reforms and said Serbia will remain on a European path. Vučić also said Serbia will maintain military neutrality, but continue to build partnerships with both NATO and Russia.[27]

After becoming president, Vučić disbanded the traditional police security service responsible for President's protection, and replaced it with members of the Cobras, military police unit which contrary to the law, protected him while he served as the Prime Minister from 2014 to 2017.[28]

During late 2018 and early 2019, thousands of Serbs took to the streets to protest the presidency of Vučić. The protesters accused Vučić and the SNS of corruption and stated that Vučić is trying to cement himself as an autocrat, which he denied.[29][30] In 2019, Freedom House's report downgraded Serbia's status from Free to Partly Free due to the deterioration in the conduct of elections, continued attempts by the government and allied media outlets to undermine independent journalists through legal harassment and smear campaigns, and Vučić's accumulation of executive powers that conflict with his constitutional role.[31]

President Vučić with Prime Minister of Spain Pedro Sánchez during his official visit to Spain (2022)

After Vučić's announcement of the reintroduction of lockdown in July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, thousands of people protested, accusing the government of missteps in handling of the pandemic, including the premature lifting of restrictions and downplaying the risk to hold the elections.[32][33] Some analysts said that they had not witnessed police brutality which occurred during the protest since the Slobodan Milošević's regime.[32]

According to Amnesty International's annual report for 2021, Vučić's mandate is characterized by human rights violations, restrictions on freedom of expression and campaigns of harassment against the opposition figures, journalists and media outlets.[34]

Vučić participated in the 2022 general election as the presidential candidate of the Serbian Progressive Party. He won 58% of the popular vote in the first round, and secured his second mandate as president of Serbia.[35] Vučić announced the formation of the People's Movement for the State in March 2023.[36]

Following the Belgrade school shooting and Mladenovac and Smederevo shootings in May 2023, large-scale anti-government protests took place against Vučić's rule. As a result, Vučić promised that early parliamentary elections would be held before the end of the year.[37]

سياساته

محاربة الفساد والجريمة المنظمة

عضوية الاتحاد الاوروبي وكوسوڤو

العلاقات مع كرواتيا

في 1995، زار ڤوتشيتش مدينة كنين، بكرواتيا، وكانت في حينها تحت سيطرة جمهورية صرب كرايينا المتمردة، بصحبة ڤويسلاڤ ششلي للاحتجاج على خطة Z-4‏.[38] وفي 2007 أدلى ڤوتشيتش بتعليقات نارية حول العصبة الديمقراطية للكروات في ڤويڤودينا، مسمياً إياها فرعاً من الاتحاد الديمقراطي الكرواتي.[39] في 2008، مع تأسيس الحزب التقدمي الصربي، صرح ڤوتشيتش بأن هدف صربيا الكبرى بالإستيلاء على أراضي كرواتية حتى خط ڤيروڤيتيتسا-كارلوڤاتس-كارلوباگ المقترح هو غير واقعي وسخيف".[40] وفي ديسمبر 2008 صرح ڤوتشيتش أنه سيقوم بزيارة للصرب الكروات، مما تسبب في إثارة جدلاً واسعاً.[41] وقد علـّقت جماعة صرب كرواتيا SKD Prosvjeta بسلبية على الزيارة.[42]

راتكو ملادتش

موقفه من حرب أوكرانيا

رأي ڤوتشيتش في تطور حرب أوكرانيا إلى حرب شاملة في أوروبا في 2024. الحديث في 9 يونيو 2024.



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اتهامه بالتلاعب بالإعلام وفرض رقابة

الحياة الشخصية

تامارا جوكانوڤتش، التي تزوجت ڤوتشيتش في 2013

بطول 198 سم، فإن ڤوتشيتش هو أحد أطول زعماء العالم.[43]

في 27 يوليو 1997، تزوج ڤوتشيتش كسنيا يانكوڤتش، الصحفية في راديو إندكس و Srpska reč. The couple had two children before divorcing in 2011. Janković died on 29 January 2022.[44] On 14 December 2013, Vučić married Tamara Đukanović, a diplomat with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia.[45] On 9 June 2017, a week after Vučić took the presidential office, his wife gave birth to a son.[46]

وعدا الصربية، فإن ڤوتشيتش يتكلم بطلاقة الروسية والإنجليزية والألمانية. He learned Russian in a Belgrade high school and every second day of the week took a Russian language course to improve his knowledge.[47]

During the opposition period, he has frequently appeared in popular TV shows.[48] In 2006, Vučić became the winner of the first season of the Serbian version of The Pyramid, a talk show with a competitive element broadcast on Pink TV.[49] He was the first politician who participated in the humanitarian dance contest Plesom do snova (in 2009) and the first politician to guest-star on a late-night talk show Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem (in 2010).[48][50][51] He also was a guest judge in one episode of the third season of Zvezde Granda, the most popular music competition in Balkans.[48][52]

On 15 November 2019, he was hospitalized at a military hospital in Belgrade due to apparent "cardiovascular issues". Three days later it was reported that he was released. Some, including his media advisor and the deputy mayor of Belgrade, have claimed that his health problems were in part due to pressure from journalists. Vučić explicitly denied this at a media conference shortly after his hospital stay, stating that these health issues were chronic in nature.[53][54]

On 8 April 2020, it was revealed that Vučić's 22-year-old son, Danilo, had contracted the coronavirus and was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Clinic in Belgrade.[55]

During July 2020 Vučić became a student at Belgrade's College of sports and health, with the goal to become a basketball trainer for juniors after he ends his political career.[56][57] Some Serbian journalists have reported that a mandatory condition for entering the College was active participation in sports for three years, which was removed from the official website shortly after Vučić's enrollment.[58]

التكريم

مراتب الشرف

المنْح أو التقليد البلد التاريخ المكان
BIH Order of the Republic of Srpska ribbon.svg Order of the Republika Srpska[59]  البوسنة والهرسك
→  جمهورية صرب البوسنة		 15 February 2018 بانيا لوكا
CYP Order of Makarios III ribbon.svg Order of Makarios III[60]  قبرص 20 May 2018 Nicosia
Order Dostik 1kl rib.png Order of Friendship[61]  قزخستان 9 October 2018 Astana
Order of Alexander Nevsky 2010 ribbon.svg Order of Alexander Nevsky[62]  روسيا 17 January 2019 Palace of Serbia, Belgrade
Order of St. Sava[63] Serbian Orthodox Church 8 October 2019 Sava Centar, Belgrade
CZE Rad Bileho Lva 1 tridy BAR.svg Order of the White Lion[64]  التشيك 18 May 2021 Prague
MCO Order of Saint-Charles - Grand Cross BAR.svg Order of Saint-Charles[65]  موناكو 22 February 2022 Monaco City

الدكتوراهات الفخرية

التاريخ الجامعة ملاحظات
2017 Moscow State Institute of International Relations [66]
2018 Azerbaijan University of Languages [67]

الجنسية الفخرية

البلد المدينة التاريخ
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Leskovac[68] 10 October 2013
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Novi Pazar[69] 20 April 2015
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Krupanj[70] 24 July 2015
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Svrljig[71] 8 May 2017
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Loznica[72] 16 June 2018
 البوسنة والهرسك Honorary citizen of Drvar[73][74] 21 July 2019
 البوسنة والهرسك Honorary citizen of Sokolac[75] 29 July 2019
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Aleksandrovac[76] 7 February 2020
 البوسنة والهرسك Honorary citizen of Banja Luka[77] 22 April 2021
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Šabac[78] 22 April 2021
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Smederevska Palanka[79] 28 June 2021
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Zvečan[80] 12 July 2021
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Valjevo[81] 28 July 2021
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Jagodina[82] 29 September 2021
 صربيا Honorary citizen of Rekovac[83] 17 October 2021
 البوسنة والهرسك Honorary citizen of Gradiška[84] 18 April 2022


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غيرهم

المراجع

الهامش

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تقارير اخبارية

مصادر أخرى

وصلات خارجية

مناصب سياسية
سبقه
رادميلا ميلنتييڤتش 		وزير الإعلام
1998–2000 		تبعه
إيڤيتسا داتشيتش
Bogoljub Pejčić
Biserka Matić Spasojević
سبقه
دراگان شوتانوڤاتس 		وزير الدفاع
2012–2013 		تبعه
نبويشا روديتش
سبقه
إيڤيتسا داتشيتش 		النائب الأول لرئيس وزراء صربيا
2012–2014 		تبعه
إيڤيتسا داتشيتش
رئيس وزراء صربيا
2014–الحاضر 		تبعه
إيڤيتسا داتشيتش
بالإنابة
سبقه
توميسلاڤ نيكوليتش 		رئيس صربيا
2017–الآن 		الحالي
مناصب حزبية
سبقه
توميسلاڤ نيكوليتش 		زعيم الحزب التقدمي الصربي
2012–الحاضر 		الحالي

قالب:Heads of state of Serbia

قالب:Defence Ministers of Serbia

قالب:Serbian Progressive Party

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