سانت-إتيان
سانت-إتيان | |
---|---|
الإحداثيات: 45°26′05″N 4°23′25″E / 45.4347°N 4.3903°E | |
البلد | فرنسا |
المنطقة | أوڤرن-رون-ألپ |
الإقليم | لوار |
الدائرة | سانت-إتيان |
الكانتون | سانت-إتيان-1، 2، 3، 4، 5 و 6 |
بينالتجمعات | متروپول سانت-إتيان |
الحكومة | |
• العمدة (2014-2020) | Gaël Perdriau (LR) |
المساحة 1 | 79٫97 كم² (30٫88 ميل²) |
التعداد (تقدير 2007) | 178٬530 |
• الترتيب | 16th in France |
• الكثافة | 2٬200/km2 (5٬800/sq mi) |
منطقة التوقيت | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
INSEE/الرمز البريدي | 42218 /42000, 42100 |
المنسوب | 422–1,117 m (1,385–3,665 ft) (avg. 516 m or 1,693 ft) |
الموقع الإلكتروني | www.saint-etienne.fr |
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
سانت-إتيان (Saint-Étienne) هي مدينة فرنسية، تقع على بعد 60 كلم جنوب غرب ليون، في منطقة رون ألب، وهي عاصمة لوار. تقع في منطقة الكتلة الصخرية الوسطى (Massif Central). عدد سكانها 180210 (عام 1999)، ومساحتها 79.97 كم².
In the last years Saint-Étienne made important transformations for transitioning from a 19th century industrial city to the 21st century "European capital of design". This approach led to important urban renovations of the main districts of the city.[1]
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الكليات والجامعات
- جامعة جان مونيه
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne (EMSE or ENSMSE)
- École nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Étienne (ENISE)
- Telecom Saint Etienne (TSE)
- EMLYON Business School
- ENSASE (Ecole National Supérieure d'Architecture de Saint-Étienne)
المناخ
Saint-Étienne has an anormal type of the oceanic climate that is heavily influenced by its relative distance to the sea. Summer days are very warm for a marine climate type, but fall into the range due to the cool nights that keep the mean average temperatures below the subtropical threshold of 22 °C (72 °F). Winters are cool but rarely very cold, although minor frosts are common. Precipitation levels are very low for this type of climate regime during winter, although the wet and humid summers compensate.
Climate data for سانت-إتيان (متوسطات 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.7 (92.7) |
37.8 (100.0) |
41.1 (106.0) |
39.3 (102.7) |
36.0 (96.8) |
29.2 (84.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
41.1 (106.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
19.8 (67.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
2.4 (36.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
10.7 (51.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
3.3 (37.9) |
0.7 (33.3) |
6.6 (43.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.6 (−14.1) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
2.9 (37.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.6 (1.44) |
28.2 (1.11) |
36.7 (1.44) |
61.3 (2.41) |
91.6 (3.61) |
78.3 (3.08) |
64.0 (2.52) |
70.4 (2.77) |
75.7 (2.98) |
71.8 (2.83) |
63.1 (2.48) |
40.5 (1.59) |
718.2 (28.28) |
Average precipitation days | 7.7 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 9.4 | 11.0 | 8.8 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 97.2 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 81 | 78 | 73 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 68 | 71 | 75 | 80 | 81 | 83 | 75.4 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 85.6 | 108.8 | 159.3 | 182.4 | 212.9 | 239.5 | 273.1 | 251.4 | 187.3 | 133.5 | 83.5 | 67.9 | 1٬985٫1 |
Source 1: Météo France[2][3] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, 1961–1990)[4] |
العلاقات الدولية
Saint-Étienne is twinned with:
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انظر أيضا
- Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne
- Stade Geoffroy-Guichard
- Saint-Étienne Cathedral
- Saint-Étienne – Gorges de la Loire Nature Reserve
- André César Vermare Sculptor of Franco-Prussian war memorial.
- Creative Cities Network
المراجع
- Notes
- ^ (in fr)Saint-Étienne, 2018-11-04, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint-%C3%89tienne&oldid=153673794, retrieved on 2018-11-18
- ^ "Données climatiques de la station de Saint-Étienne" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Climat Rhône-Alpes" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Normes et records 1961-1990: Saint-Étienne - Bouthéon (42) - altitude 400m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Griffin, Mary (2011-08-02). "Coventry's twin towns". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
- ^ "Coventry - Twin towns and cities". Coventry City nonoCouncil. Archived from the original on 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
- ^ "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
ببليوگرافيا
وصلات خارجية
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map
- Pages using infobox French commune with unknown parameters
- سانت-إتيان
- Massif Central
- Communes of Loire (department)
- أقسام فرنسا
- Forez
- مدن فرنسا
- صفحات مع الخرائط