مواقع التراث العالمي في الولايات المتحدة

مواقع التراث العالمي التابعة منظمة الأمم المتحدة للتربية والعلم والثقافة (يونسكو) هي أماكن ذات أهمية للتراث الثقافي أو الطبيعي كما وصفت في اتفاقية اليونسكو للتراث العالمي، التي تأسست عام 1972.[1] صدقت الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية على الاتفاقية في 7 ديسمبر 1972، لتجعل مواقعها التاريخية مؤهلة لإدراجها على القائمة.[2]

أول الموقع التي أُدرجت على القائمة في الولايات المتحدة كانت منتزه مـِسا ڤرده الوطني ومنتزهن يلوستون الوطني، أدرج كلاهما في الجلسة الثانية بلجنة التراث العالمي، التي عُقدت في واشنطن دي سي، من 5-8 سبتمبر 1978.[3] تم إدراج إجمالي 21 موقع، أحدثهم پاپاهانوموكواكي في 2010.[2] تقع المواقع الإحدى والعشرون في 8 ولايات مختلفة وإقليمين. كاليفورنيا، هاواي، مونتانا، ونيو مكسيكو تحتوي على عدة مواقع، بينما الموقعين گالسير-واترتون، منتزه السلام الدولي وكلوين/رانگل-سانت إلياس-خليج الكتل الجليدية/تاتشانشيني ألسيك) تقعان على الحدود مع كندا.

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قائمة المواقع

الجدول يسرد معلومات عن كل من مواقع التراث العالمي:

الاسم: مدرج من قبل لجنة التراث العالمي
الموقع: المدينة أو الموقع
الولاية: واحدة من الخمسين ولاية أمريكية
الفترة: الفترة الزمنية للأهمية، مثل وقت إنشاء المبنى؛ المواقع الطبيعية بالكامل لها لديها فترة زمنيها
بيانات اليونسكو: رقم مرجع الموقع؛ السنة التي أُدرج فيها الموقع على قائمة التراث العالمي؛ المعايير الذي أُدرج تحته؛ المعايير i حتى vi ؛ هي ثقافية، بينما vii حتى x، هي طبيعية؛ (العمود مرتب حسب تاريخ الإدراج)
الوصف: وصف مختصر للموقع
  * موقع عابر للحدود
  في خطر في خطر
الاسم الصورة الموقع الولاية الفترة بيانات
اليونسكو 		الوصف هامش
منتزه مـِسا ڤرده الوطني MesaVerdeNationalParkCliffPalace.jpg مقاطعة مونتيزوما كولورادو القرون
6-12 		27; 1978; iii The site contains a number of cliff dwellings constructed by the ancient Pueblo peoples between the 6th and 12th centuries at an altitude greater than 2,600 metres (8,500 ft). Some notable examples amongst the 600 dwellings include Cliff Palace, Balcony House, and Square Tower House. The dwellings were discovered in 1874. [4]
منتزه يلستون الوطني YellowstonefallJUN05.JPG مقاطعات پارك، تـِتون، وگالتين، وايومنگ؛ مقاطعة پارك، مونتانا; مقاطعة فرمونت، آيداهو وايومنگ، مونتانا، آيداهو N/A 28; 1978; vii, viii, ix, x The park consists of almost 9,000 square kilometres (9.7×1010 sq ft) of natural forest. The park contains half of the world's geothermal features including over 300 geysers, the world's largest concentration. In addition to its geographical sites, Yellowstone is significant for its natural history; nearly 150 species of fossil plants have been discovered within the park. [5]
كلوين/رانگل-سانت إلياس-خليج الكتل الجليدية/تاتشانشيني ألسيك GlacierBay3.jpg Valdez-Cordova Census Area, Yakutat City and Borough, Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Hoonah–Angoon Census Area ألاسكا
(مشترك مع كندا) 		N/A 28; 1979, 1992 (extended), 1994 (extended); vii, viii, ix, x The joint United States–Canada site located along the border between the two countries comprise the world's largest non-polar ice field and some of the world's longest glaciers. The region is also the natural habitat for a number of species including grizzly bears, caribou, Dall sheep, and every species of Alaskan salmon, some in greater numbers than found anywhere else. [6]
منتزه گراند كانيون الوطني Gcnp symmetry.jpg مقاطعات كوكونينو وموهاڤ أريزونا N/A 75; 1979; vii, viii, ix, x The centerpiece of the park is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a depth of over a mile (6,000 feet or 1,800 metres). Nearly two billion years of the Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted [7]
منتزه إڤرگليدز الوطنيIn danger Everglades.jpg مقاطعات ميامي-داد، مونروا، وكولير فلوريدا N/A 76; 1979; viii, ix, x The park is the largest designated subtropical wilderness reserve in North America. Featuring a variety of wetlands and forests, it has become a sanctuary for a large number of birds, reptiles, and threatened or protected species. The property was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2010 due to degradation of the property resulting in a loss of marine habitat and decline in marine species. The property was previously listed as in danger from 1993–2007 due to sustained hurricane damage and deterioration of water flow and quality due to agricultural and urban development. [8][9]
[10]
قاعة الإستقلال Independence Hall.jpg فيلادلفيا پنسلڤانيا 1753
(أنشئت)،
1776,
1787 		78; 1979; vi The building was designed by Andrew Hamilton and completed in 1753 to house the colonial assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania. It was the site of the Second Continental Congress during which the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776. Following the American Revolution, the building held the Constitutional Convention which debated and signed the United States Constitution in 1787. Both documents have served as inspirations for lawmakers and government charters throughout the world. [11][12]
منتزه ردوود الوطني والولائي Redwood National Park, fog in the forest.jpg مقاطعات همبولد ودل نورت couties كاليفورنيا N/A 134; 1980; vii, ix Located along the coast of northern California, the park is covered with coast redwood trees, the tallest and one of the most massive tree species on Earth. The park also contains areas of pristine coastline, which support nesting and feeding areas for several species of migratory waterfowl, including endangered species such as the Bald Eagle and the Brown Pelican. [13]
حديقة كهف الماموث الوطنية Mammoth Cave Mammoth Dome.jpg مقاطعات إدمونسون، هارت، وبارِن كنتكي N/A 150; 1981; vii, viii, x Mammoth Cave is the longest cave system known in the world. With over 390 miles (630 km) of passageways, the cave system is home to more than 130 species. [14]
المنتزه الأولمپي الوطني Coast3full.jpg مقاطعات جفرسون، كالام، ماسون، وگرايز هاربر واشنطن N/A 151; 1981; vii, ix The park contains a diversity of ecosystems and varied topography ranging from the Pacific coastline, to alpine areas, temperate rainforests, and the forests covering the park's drier east side. [15]
كاهوكيا Monks Mound in July.JPG مقاطعة سانت كلير إلينوي القرن 7-15 198; 1982; iii, iv The site was the largest and most influential urban settlement in the Mississippian culture which developed advanced societies across much of what is now the Southeastern United States, beginning more than 500 years before European contact. The settlement covered nearly 1,600 hectares (4,000 acres) and included some 120 mounds. [16]
جبال سموكي العظيمة Sugarlands-bh1.jpg سوين وهايوود مقاطعات في كارولاينا الشمالية؛ سڤير، بلونت، وكوك في تنسي تنسي، كارولينا الشمالية N/A 259; 1983; vii, viii, ix, x The park is one of the world's largest remaining remnants of the diverse Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora era, containing over 3,500 plant species and numerous animal species, including one of the world's greatest variety of salamanders. [17]
لا فورتالـِزا وموقع سان خوان التاريخي الوطني San Felipe del Morro view across bay.jpg سان خوان پورتوريكو[1] القرن 15-18 266; 1983; vi These structures were built between the 15th and 19th centuries to defend the harbor of San Juan, and are examples of European military architecture adapted to port cities on the American continent. La Fortaleza was the first defensive fortification built for the city. The historic site also comprises Castillo San Felipe del Morro, Castillo de San Cristóbal, El Cañuelo, and three-fourths of the old city wall. [18]
تمثال الحرية Statue of Liberty 7.jpg مدينة نيويورك نيويورك 1886 307; 1984l i, vi Designed by Frédéric Bartholdi, the statue was a gift to the United States from the people of France. It has since become an icon of freedom and of the United States, and a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad. [19]
منتزه يوسميته الوطني 1 yosemite valley tunnel view 2010.JPG تولومنه، ماريپوسا ومادرا كاليفورنيا N/A 308; 1984; vii, viii Formed as a result of repeated glacial erosion of granitic bedrock over 10 million years, the park contains a unique diverse landscape of spectacular granite cliffs, waterfalls, clear streams, Giant Sequoia groves, and biological diversity. [20]
متنزه تشاو الثقافي الوطني التاريخي Chaco Canyon Chetro Ketl great kiva plaza NPS.jpg مقاطعات سان خوان ومكنلي نيو مكسيكي القرن 10-12 353; 1987; iii Formerly a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples, the park preserves one of the United States' most important pre-Columbian cultural and historical areas, hosting the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest. [21]
براكين هاواي Pāhoehoe and Aa flows at Hawaii.jpg مقاطعة هاواي هاواي N/A 409; 1987; viii The park is home to Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, two of the most active volcanoes in the world. The volcanic eruptions in the area have resulted in frequently changing landscape, and rare flora and fauna. [22]
مونتيسلو وجامعة ڤرجينيا Monticello 2010-10-29.jpg مقاطعة ألبمارله وشارلوتس‌ڤيل ڤرجينيا القرن 18 و19 442; 1987; i, iv, vi Built between 1769 and 1809, Monticello was the plantation home of its designer, third رئيس الولايات المتحدة and author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson designed the early buildings that made up the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, inspired by his new ideas of university planning. The most prominent of these, The Rotunda, is a half-scale model of the Pantheon in Rome. [23]
پويبلو ده تاوس NMtrip-05-047.jpg تاوس نيو مكسيكو القرن 13 و14 492; 1992; iv The site is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Native American tribe of Pueblo people, marking the cultural development in the region during the Pre-Columbian era. [24]
كهوف كارلسباد Carlsbad Caverns rail pic.JPG مقاطعة إدي نيو مكسيكو N/A 721; 1995; vii, viii The park contains over 100 limestone caves, including Carlsbad Caverns and Lechuguilla Cave, which exhibit rare and unique speleothems. This is one of the few sites in the world where scientists can study these ongoing geological and biological processes in its pristine environment. [25]
گالسير-واترتون St Mary Lake.jpg مقاطعة فلاتهيد وگالسير مونتانا (متقاسم مع
كندا) 		N/A 354; 1995; vii, ix The joint United States–Canada site located along the border between the two countries has a unique, distinctive climate, physiographic setting, mountain-prairie interface, and tri-ocean hydrographical divide. [26]
پاپاهانوموكواكي Heterocentrotus mammilatus.jpg مقاطعة هونولولو، هاواي وMidway Atoll[2] هاوي وUnited States Minor Outlying Islands[3] N/A 1326; 2010; iii, vi, viii, ix, x The marine national monument encompasses 140,000 square miles (360,000 km2) of ocean waters, including ten islands and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, making it one of the world's largest marine protected areas. The area supports 7,000 species, one quarter of which are endemic. The area is regarded with traditional significance for living Native Hawaiian culture, as an embodiment of the Hawaiian concept of kinship between people and the natural world. The monument also contains the pre-European archaeological sites on the islands of Nihoa and Makumanamana. [27]


المواقع حسب الولايات

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Location of World Heritage Sites within the Contiguous United States
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Location of World Heritage Sites within the Hawaiian Islands
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Location of World Heritage Sites within Alaska
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Location of World Heritage Sites within Puerto Rico

Exclusive sites refer to sites locating in a single community. Shared sites refers to sites with entries in multiple states or shared with another country.

الولاية المواقع الحصرية المواقع المتقاسَمة
نيو مكسيكو 3 —
كاليفورنيا 2 —
أريزونا 1 —
كولورادو 1 —
فلوريدا 1 —
هاوائي 1 1
إلينوي 1 —
كنتكي 1 —
نيويورك 1 —
پنسلڤانيا 1 —
پوِرتو ريكو[4] 1 —
ڤرجينيا 1 —
واشنطن 1 —
مونتانا — 2
ألاسكا — 1
آيداهو — 1
كارولينا الشمالية — 1
تنسي — 1
United States Minor Outlying Islands[5] — 1
وايومنگ — 1


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القائمة المؤقتة

The following sites have been added to the United States' tentative list of inclusion on the World Heritage List. The tentative list for sites within the United States was last updated in 2008. In addition to sites within the 50 states, the tentative list includes one site in American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States.[28]

  1. Civil Rights Movement Sites (Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church, Bethel Baptist Church, 16th Street Baptist Church)
  2. Dayton Aviation Sites (Huffman Prairie Flying Field, Wright Cycle Company and Wright & Wright Printing, Wright Hall, Hawthorn Hill)
  3. Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary
  4. Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings (Unity Temple, Frederick C. Robie House, Hollyhock House, Taliesin, Fallingwater, S. C. Johnson & Son Inc. Administration Building and Research Tower, Taliesin West, Price Tower, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Marin County Civic Center)
  5. Fort Ancient State Memorial (Hopewell Culture National Historic Park, Newark Earthworks State Memorial)
  6. Mount Vernon
  7. Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge
  8. Petrified Forest National Park
  9. Poverty Point State Historic Site
  10. San Antonio Franciscan Missions (Mission San Antonio (The Alamo), Mission Concepcion, Mission San José, Mission San Juan, Mission Espada)
  11. Serpent Mound
  12. Thomas Jefferson Buildings (Poplar Forest, Virginia State Capitol) — proposed extension of Monticello and the University of Virginia listing
  13. White Sands National Monument

ملاحظات

1. ^ Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory within the United States.
2. ^ Midway Atoll is a part of the United States Minor Outlying Islands, a statistical designation of uninhabited insular areas of the United States and is administered as a National Wildlife Refuge.

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ "The World Heritage Convention". UNESCO. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  2. ^ أ ب "United States – Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  3. ^ "Report of Rapporteur" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  4. ^ "Mesa Verde National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  5. ^ "Yellowstone National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  6. ^ "Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek". UNESCO. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  7. ^ "Grand Canyon National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  8. ^ "Everglades National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  9. ^ "World Heritage Committee: Seventeenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  10. ^ 34th session 2010, pp. 82–83
  11. ^ "Independence Hall". UNESCO. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  12. ^ "Independence Hall". National Park Service. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  13. ^ "Redwood National and State Parks". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  14. ^ "Mammoth Cave National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  15. ^ "Olympic National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  16. ^ "Cahokia". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  17. ^ "Great Smoky Mountains National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  18. ^ "La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  19. ^ "Statue of Liberty". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  20. ^ "Yosemite National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  21. ^ "Chaco Culture". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  22. ^ "Hawaii Volcanoes National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  23. ^ "Monticello and the University of Virginia". UNESCO. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  24. ^ "Taos Pueblo". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  25. ^ "Taos Pueblo". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  26. ^ "Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  27. ^ "Papahānaumokuākea". UNESCO. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  28. ^ "Tentative list of United States". UNESCO. January 30, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2012.

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