رين

Coordinates: 48°06′53″N 1°40′46″W / 48.1147°N 1.6794°W / 48.1147; -1.6794
(تم التحويل من Rennes)
رين
بلدية وعاصمة إقليم
Place de la Mairie, Rennes, France.jpg
Marché des Lices.jpg
Hochbahnabschnitt Pontchaillou - Anatole France der Metro Rennes.jpg
Esplanade du Général de Gaulle à Rennes.jpg
L'Opéra de Rennes Bretagne.JPG
Batiments de nuits -Univ Rennes 2 - Louis Arretche.jpg
Rennes cathédrale mai 2010 - panorama 1.jpg
من أعلى إلى أسفل، ومن اليسار إلى اليمين: Place de la Mairie; Marché des Lices; مترو رين؛ Esplanade Charles de Gaulle; Opera of Rennes by night; University of Rennes 2؛ أفق رين من الكاتدرائية.
علم رين
Flag
درع رين
Coat of arms
الشعار: 
عـِش في تناغم (بالفرنسية: "Vivre en intelligence")
Location of رين
رين is located in فرنسا
رين
رين
رين is located in Brittany
رين
رين
الإحداثيات: 48°06′53″N 1°40′46″W / 48.1147°N 1.6794°W / 48.1147; -1.6794
البلدفرنسا
المنطقةبريتاني
الإقليمIlle-et-Vilaine
الدائرةRennes
الكانتونRennes-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
بين‌التجمعاتRennes Métropole
الحكومة
 • العمدة (2014-2020) Nathalie Appéré (PS)
المساحة
1
50٫39 كم² (19٫46 ميل²)
التعداد
 (1999)
206٬229
 • الكثافة4٬100/km2 (11٬000/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/الرمز البريدي
35238 /35000, 35200, 35700
المنسوب20–74 m (66–243 ft)
(avg. 30 m or 98 ft)
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://www.rennes.fr/
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

رين (بالفرنسية: Rennes ؛ النطق الفرنسي: [ʁɛn]  (Speaker Icon.svg استمع); بريتونية: Roazhon [ˈrwɑːõn]; Gallo: Resnn; لاتينية: Condate Redonum) هي مدينة في شرق بريتاني في شمال غرب فرنسا، عند ملتقى نهري إيل وڤيلن. رين هي عاصمة region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department. In 2017, the urban area had a population of 357,327 inhabitants, and the larger metropolitan area had 739,974 inhabitants.[1] The inhabitants of Rennes are called Rennais (مذكر) أو Rennaises (مؤنث) بالفرنسية.

Rennes's history goes back more than 2,000 years to a time when it was a small Gallic village named Condate. Together with Vannes and Nantes, it was one of the major cities of the ancient Duchy of Brittany. From the early sixteenth century until the French Revolution, Rennes was a parliamentary, administrative and garrison city of the historic province of Brittany in the Kingdom of France, as evidenced by its 17th century Parliament's Palace. Rennes played an important role in the Stamped Paper Revolt (Revolt of the papier timbré) in 1675. After the destructive fire of 1720, the medieval wooden center of the city was partially rebuilt in stone. Remaining mostly rural until the Second World War, Rennes underwent significant development in the twentieth century.

Since the 1950s, Rennes has grown in importance through rural flight and modern industrial development, partly in the automotive sector. The city developed extensive building plans to accommodate upwards of 200,000 inhabitants. During the 1980s, Rennes became one of the main centres in telecommunication and high-tech industry. It is now a significant digital innovation centre in France. In 2002, Rennes became the smallest city in the world to have a Metro line.

Labeled a city of art and history, it has preserved an important medieval and classical heritage within its historic center, with over 90 buildings protected as historic monuments.[2] Home to more than 66,000 students in 2016, it is also the eighth-largest university campus of France.[3] In 2018, L'Express named Rennes as "the most liveable city in France".[4]

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التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: تاريخ رين and خط زمني لرين

رِن هي العاصمة الادارية لإقليم إيل-وڤيلان. وقبل الثورة الفرنسية، أي قبل دمج دوقية بريتاني في مملكة فرنسا، كانت رِن هي عاصمة الدوقية، مع العاصمتين الدوقيتين الآخرتين، نانت وڤان.


الجغرافيا

المناخ

Rennes features an oceanic climate. Precipitation in Rennes is considerably less abundant than in the western parts of Brittany, reaching only half of the levels of, e.g., the city of Quimper, which makes rainfall in Rennes comparable to the levels of larger parts of western Germany. Sunshine hours range between 1,700 and 1,850 annually, which is about the amount of sunshine received by the city of Lausanne.

Climate data for رين، بريتاني
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.8
(62.2) 		19.8
(67.6) 		23.4
(74.1) 		28.7
(83.7) 		30.8
(87.4) 		36.3
(97.3) 		38.3
(100.9) 		39.5
(103.1) 		34.8
(94.6) 		30.0
(86.0) 		21.4
(70.5) 		17.8
(64.0) 		39.5
(103.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.7
(47.7) 		9.6
(49.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		15.2
(59.4) 		18.9
(66.0) 		22.2
(72.0) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.3
(75.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		17.0
(62.6) 		12.1
(53.8) 		9.1
(48.4) 		16.4
(61.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.0
(37.4) 		2.6
(36.7) 		4.5
(40.1) 		5.9
(42.6) 		9.3
(48.7) 		11.9
(53.4) 		13.8
(56.8) 		13.7
(56.7) 		11.4
(52.5) 		9.1
(48.4) 		5.5
(41.9) 		3.3
(37.9) 		7.9
(46.2)
Record low °C (°F) −14.7
(5.5) 		−11.2
(11.8) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		2.2
(36.0) 		5.5
(41.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−12.6
(9.3) 		−14.7
(5.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 67.6
(2.66) 		49.1
(1.93) 		51.6
(2.03) 		50.9
(2.00) 		67.2
(2.65) 		46.7
(1.84) 		49.1
(1.93) 		37.8
(1.49) 		59.0
(2.32) 		74.8
(2.94) 		67.5
(2.66) 		72.7
(2.86) 		694.0
(27.32)
Average precipitation days 11.5 9.4 9.8 9.9 9.8 7.3 7.3 6.4 7.7 11.1 11.7 12.4 114.4
Average snowy days 2.1 2.6 1.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.7 9.2
Average relative humidity (%) 87 83 79 76 77 75 75 76 80 85 87 87 80.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 69.1 87.2 128.4 162.7 191.2 217.3 210.7 205.5 177.8 117.5 81.3 68.6 1٬717٫1
Source 1: Météo France[5][6]
Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, snowy days 1961–1990)[7]

الديمغرافيا

Historical population
YearPop.±%
177023٬143—    
179025٬160+8.7%
179330٬160+19.9%
180025٬904−14.1%
180629٬225+12.8%
182129٬589+1.2%
183127٬340−7.6%
183635٬552+30.0%
184137٬895+6.6%
184639٬218+3.5%
YearPop.±%
185139٬505+0.7%
185645٬664+15.6%
186145٬483−0.4%
186648٬283+6.2%
187252٬044+7.8%
187657٬177+9.9%
188160٬974+6.6%
188666٬139+8.5%
189169٬232+4.7%
189669٬937+1.0%
YearPop.±%
190174٬676+6.8%
190675٬640+1.3%
191179٬372+4.9%
192182٬241+3.6%
192683٬418+1.4%
193188٬659+6.3%
193698٬538+11.1%
1946113٬781+15.5%
1954124٬122+9.1%
1962151٬948+22.4%
YearPop.±%
1968180٬943+19.1%
1975198٬305+9.6%
1982194٬656−1.8%
1990197٬536+1.5%
1999206٬229+4.4%
2009206٬604+0.2%
2012209٬860+1.6%
2014213٬454+1.7%


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المعالم

Rennes is classified as a city of art and history.

المركز التاريخي

The historic centre is located on the former plan of the ramparts. There is a difference between the northern city centre and the southern city centre due to the 1720 fire, which destroyed most of the timber-framed houses in the northern part of the city. The rebuilding was done in stone, on a grid plan. The poorer southern part was not rebuilt.

Due to the presence of the parlement de Bretagne, many "hôtels particuliers" were built in the northern part, the richer half of Rennes in the 18th century. Most of the city's monuments historiques can be found there.

Colourful traditional half-timbered houses are situated primarily along the roads of Saint-Sauveur, Saint-Georges, de Saint-Malo, Saint-Guillaume, des Dames, du Chapitre, Vasselot, Saint-Michel, de la Psallette and around the plazas of Champ-Jacquet, des Lices, Saint-Anne and Rallier-du-Baty.

منطقة برلمان بريتاني ومبنى البلدية

The Parlement de Bretagne (Administrative and judicial centre of Brittany, بريتونية: Breujoù Breizh) is the most famous 17th century building in Rennes. It was rebuilt after a terrible fire in 1994 that may have been caused by a flare fired by a protester during a demonstration. It houses the Rennes Court of Appeal. The surrounding plaza is built in the classical style.

In the west, the Place de la Mairie (City Hall Plaza, Plasenn Ti Kêr):

  • City Hall
  • Opera

In the east, at the end of the Rue Saint-Georges with traditional half-timbered houses:

In the south-east:

  • Saint-Germain square
    • Saint-Germain Church
    • Saint-Germain footbridge, 20th century wood and metal construction that links the plaza with Émile Zola Quay, across the Vilaine River.

منطقة قصر ليس والكاتدرائية

The Place des Lices is lined by hôtels particuliers. Along with the Place Rallier-du-Baty, it is the location of the weekly big market, the marché des Lices.

Near the Rennes Cathedral (cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Rennes) is the Rue du Chapitre:

  • Hôtel de Blossac
  • There are 16th century polychrome wooden busts on the façade of 20, Rue du Chapitre.

Also in this area are the former St. Yves chapel, which is now the tourist office and a local historical museum, and the Basilica Saint-Sauveur.

  • Place des Lices with the roof top of Les Halles Martenot seen in on the left, and the hôtels particuliers on the right

    Place des Lices with the roof top of Les Halles Martenot seen in on the left, and the hôtels particuliers on the right

  • Rue du Chapitre

    Rue du Chapitre

  • Gate of the Hôtel de Blossac

    Gate of the Hôtel de Blossac

  • Basilique Saint-Sauveur

    Basilique Saint-Sauveur

أطلال المتاريس

Built from the 3rd to the 12th centuries, the ramparts were largely destroyed between the beginning of the 16th century and the 1860s.

  • Portes mordelaises. The street crossing this gate comes from the Place des Lices and ends at the cathedral.

    Portes mordelaises. The street crossing this gate comes from the Place des Lices and ends at the cathedral.

  • Tour Duchesne

    Tour Duchesne

  • Place Railler-du-Baty

    Place Railler-du-Baty

  • Map of the remaining ramparts in Rennes

    Map of the remaining ramparts in Rennes

منطقة قصر سانت-آن

  • Place Saint-Anne (Plasenn Santez-Anna)
  • Saint-Aubin Church, built in the beginning of the 20th century
  • Location of a former 14th century hospital
  • Jacobite convent, the convention centre

In the south-west of the area, La Rue Saint-Michel nicknamed Rue de La Soif (Road of Thirst), is known for its many bars. Meanwhile, in the south-east, the Place du Champ-Jacquet features Renaissance buildings and a statue of mayor Jean Leperdit ripping up a conscription list.

  • Place Saint-Anne

    Place Saint-Anne

  • Convention centre

    Convention centre

  • Saint-Michel street

    Saint-Michel street

  • Medieval houses at Champ-Jacquet

    Medieval houses at Champ-Jacquet

الشرق: منطقة منتزه تابور

Area of Saint-Melaine square

Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine basilica,
  • Tower and transept from the 11th century Benedictine abbey of Saint-Melaine
  • 14th century Gothic arcades
  • 17th century colonnade
  • Bell tower topped with a gilded Virgin Mary (19th century)
  • 17th century cloister

Jardin botanique du Thabor (formal French garden, orangerie, rose garden, aviary) a botanical garden on 10 hectares of land, built between 1860 and 1867.

17th century promenade "la Motte à Madame", and a monumental stairway overlooking the Rue de Paris entrance to the Thabor.

  • Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine basilica, viewed from the parc du Thabor

    Notre-Dame-en-Saint-Melaine basilica, viewed from the parc du Thabor

  • Main gate of the parc du Thabor

    Main gate of the parc du Thabor

  • Rue de Paris Thabor entrance

    Rue de Paris Thabor entrance

جنوب مركز المدينة

The south city centre is a mix of old buildings and 19th and 20th century constructions.

  • Maison des Carmes

    Maison des Carmes

  • Lycée Zola

    Lycée Zola

  • Toussaints church

    Toussaints church

  • Palais du commerce

    Palais du commerce

جنوب الڤيلن

يقع متحف الفنون الجميلة في Quai Émile Zola، على نهر ڤيلن.

Les Champs Libres is a building on Esplanade Charles de Gaulle, and was designed by the architect Christian de Portzamparc. It houses the Brittany Museum (Musée de Bretagne), the regional library Bibliothèque de Rennes Métropole with six floors, and the Espace des Sciences science centre with a planetarium.

At Place Honoré Commeurec is Les Halles Centrales, a covered market from 1922, with one part converted into contemporary art gallery.

The Mercure Hotel is located in a restored building on Rue du Pré-Botté, which is the former office of Ouest-Éclair, and then of Ouest-France, France's leading daily regional newspaper.

There are large mills at Rue Duhamel, constructed on each side of the south branch of the Vilaine in 1895 and 1902.

معالم أخرى

To the northwest of Rennes, near Rue de Saint-Malo, are the locks of the Canal d'Ille-et-Rance, opened in 1843.

Two locations for Oberthür Printing Works were built by Marthenot between 1870 and 1895 on Rue de Paris in the eastern part of the city. Oberthür Park is the second biggest garden in the city.

The 17th century manor of Haute-Chalais, a granite château, is situated to the south of the city in Blosne Quarter (Bréquigny).

المنتزهات والحدائق

  • Gayeulles parc

    Gayeulles parc

  • Square of Motte

    Square of Motte

  • Mail Mitterrand

    Mail Mitterrand

  • Thabor parc

    Thabor parc

  • Oberthur parc

    Oberthur parc

  • Saint-Georges garden

    Saint-Georges garden

Parc du Thabor contains a compact but significant botanical garden, the Jardin botanique du Thabor. The University of Rennes 1, with a campus in the city's eastern section, also contains a botanical garden and collections (the Jardin botanique de l'Université de Rennes).

الاقتصاد

Technopole Atalante

The local economy is based on car manufacturing, telecommunications, the digital sector and agrifood.

The telecommunications firm Orange (ex-France Telecom) is the largest private employer in the metropolitan area of Rennes with a workforce of 4,800 people. PSA Peugeot Citroën is the second largest private employer, with 3,000 employees. PSA opened a manufacturing plant at La Janais in Chartres-de-Bretagne in 1961. Technicolor, one of the biggest TV and cinema broadcasting firms in the world, employs over 500 people.

Rennes has the second largest concentration of digital and ICT firms in France after Paris (with well-known companies and startups like Atos, Google, Neosoft, Orange S.A., Thales, Ericsson, Harmonic France, STmicroelectronics, Technicolor R&D, Ubisoft, Regionsjob, Capgemini, OVH, Dassault Systèmes, Delta Dore, Canon, Artefacto, Enensys Technologies, Exfo, Mitsubishi Electric R&D Europe, Digitaleo, Kelbillet, Klaxoon, Sopra Group, Niji, and Airbus Cybersecurity). Rennes was one of the first French cities to receive French Tech accreditation, in November 2014. Moreover, Rennes has the third highest public research potential in the digital and ICT sectors in France, after Paris and Grenoble, with 3,000 people working in 10 laboratories, including the well-known IRISA, IETR, IRMAR, DGA-MI (cyberdefense), and SATIE. It also has the third highest innovation potential in the French agrifood industry, with many firms in this field (Lactalis, Triballat Sojasun, Coralis, Panavi, Bridor, Groupe Avril, Loïc Raison, Groupe Roullier, Sanders, etc.), an agro campus (Agrocampus Ouest) and a large international and professional expo, SPACE (held every September).

Other large firms located in Rennes include the restaurant conglomerate Groupe Le Duff (owners of Brioche Dorée, Bruegger's, La Madeleine, Mimi's Cafe, Timothy's World Coffee[8]), Ouest-France, the most-read French-language newspaper in the world (with a circulation of 800,000 daily copies), and Samsic Service (cleanliness, industrial safety, job search, etc.).


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الثقافة

A festival by night at Thabor Park
Cultural plaza with cinema, Brittany museum, library, science space, planetarium, youth house, shopping centres or concert and exhibition halls
Brittany FRAC (Regional Fund for Contemporary Art)

Rennes is known as one of the most festive cities in France. It invests heavily in arts and culture and a number of its festivals such as the music festival Les Transmusicales, Les Tombées de la Nuit, Mythos, Stunfest (fighting game competition) and Travelling (a film festival) are well known throughout the country. During the 1980s, Rennes was often cited as a hub of rock and new wave music in France.[9]

قاعات الموسيقى

Rennes is well-equipped with musical facilities:

  • The MusikHall, for large shows (near the airport). (7,000 seats)
  • Le Liberté, dedicated to major cultural events and touring shows. (5,300 seats)
  • La Cité, dedicated to contemporary music & local artists. (1,150 seats)
  • L'Étage (Le Liberté), dedicated to contemporary music & local artists. (900 seats)
  • Rennes Opera House (650 seats) and National Theatre of Brittany, TNB in French (Vilar room, 950 seats) for the Brittany orchestra.
  • The Ubu, an associative concert hall. (500 seats)
  • L'Antipode MJC, also an art centre. (500 seats)

المتاحف والمعارض

There are also five museums in Rennes:

  • Musée des Beaux Arts (Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes). This art museum holds many works by the sculptor Pierre Charles Lenoir
  • Musée de Bretagne Museum of Brittany at the Champs Libres, together with the 'espace de sciences' and a planetarium.
  • Museum of Farming and Rennes Countryside at Bintinais, south of Rennes.
  • Musée des Transmissions (Museum of Broadcasting) at Cesson-Sévigné, east of Rennes city centre.
  • FRAC Bretagne Fond Régional d'Art contemporain (Regional Fund for Contemporary Art).

In addition, there are art facilities such as 40mcube exhibition space or the centre for contemporary art La Criée.

There are also miscellaneous cultural venues, including the dance-dedicated Triange and two "Art et Essai" (arthouse) cinemas, l'Arvor and Cine TNB. Surrounding cities house many other cultural sites.

الإعلام

Rennes was one of the first cities in France to have its own local television channel, 'TV Rennes', created in 1987.

Rennes has also local radio stations (Hit West, Radio Campus, Canal B, Radio Caroline, Radio Rennes, Radio Laser) and local newspapers and magazines (Ouest-France, Le Mensuel de Rennes, Place Publique, 20 Minutes Rennes).

الثقافة المحلية

اللغات المحلية

Flag of Brittany

In Brittany, two regional languages are spoken: Breton and Gallo. In and around Rennes, Gallo was traditionally spoken as a local language, but Breton has always been spoken by migrants from the western part of the region.

Nowadays, the Breton language is taught in two Diwan schools,[10] some bilingual public and Catholic schools, in evening courses, and in university.[11]

The municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 24 January 2008.

In 2008, 2.87% of primary school children were enrolled in bilingual primary schools, and the number of pupils enrolled in these schools is steadily growing.[12]

الطعام المحلي

Cider and galette with eggs, ham and cheese

Specialties from Rennes include:

Many other Breton specialties (seafood, milk, vegetables, cheese, meat) are seen at the Marché des Lices, a weekly market held every Saturday morning (one of the largest markets in France).

التعليم

Rennes 1 University
Campus of Villejean

The Rennes agglomeration has a large student population (around 63,000).

The city has two main universities; Université de Rennes 1, which offers courses in science, technology, medicine, philosophy, law, management, and economics, and Université Rennes 2, which has courses in the arts, literature, languages, communication, human and social sciences, and sport. The official website of Université Rennes 2 identifies the facility as "the largest research and higher learning institution in Arts, Literature, Languages, Social Sciences and Humanities in the West of France."

There are a few École Supérieures in Rennes, such as the École Normale Supérieure de Rennes on the Ker Lann campus just outside Rennes, the Institut d'études politiques de Rennes, and the ESC Rennes School of Business.

There are also branches of the École Supérieure d'Électricité – Supélec and Telecom Bretagne in the east of the city (Cesson-Sévigné), a campus of the École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies, a campus of the École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées, and the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, a grande école which is next to the École nationale supérieure de chimie de Rennes.

The computer science and applied mathematics research institute, IRISA, is located on the campus of the Université des Sciences, near Cesson-Sévigné. The Délégation Générale pour l'Armement (defence procurement agency) operates the CELAR research centre, dedicated to electronics and computing, in the neighbouring town of Bruz.

The Catholic University of Rennes (Institut Catholique de Rennes) is a Catholic university founded in 1989.

The city is also home to an American study abroad program for high school students, School Year Abroad, in which students are immersed in French culture through five classes in the language and a nine-month home stay.[13]

The École Compleméntaire Japonaise de Rennes (レンヌ補習授業校 Rennu Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a part-time Japanese supplementary school, is based in the Collège Anne de Bretagne in Rennes.[14]

الرياضة

Flares of the Roazhon Celtic Kop at the Roazhon Park

نادي كرة القدم

كرة اليد

دراجات الطرق

رجبي

النقل

An elevated light metro section
VéloStar
Rennes Airport

Rennes has well-developed national road, rail and air links.

المواصلات العامة

Local transport is based primarily on an extensive bus network (65 lines) and a light metro line that was inaugurated in March 2002 and cost €500 million to build. The driverless Rennes Metro (VAL) is 9.4 km (5.8 mi) in length and has 15 stations, including one designed by architect Norman Foster (La Poterie station). A second light metro line known as Line B was opened on September 20, 2022, after 8 years of construction.[15][16]

الدراجات

Rennes provides another mode of local transport: a bike sharing system with 900 bicycles (named vélo STAR). Rennes created the first system of modern French bike sharing in 1998.

الطرق

The city is an important hub of Brittany's motorway network and is surrounded by a ring road, the Rocade (national road 136). The construction of the bypass was started in 1968 and completed in 1999. It is 31 km (18.5 mi) long, has 2 lanes each way (sometimes 3 lanes) and is toll-free. Many other expressways are connected to the Rennes ring road for local and regional service. By road, Saint-Malo can be reached in 45 minutes, Nantes in 1 hour, Brest in 2 hours and 30 minutes, Paris in 4 hours, Bordeaux in 5 hours, and Brussels in 6 hours and 30 minutes.

السكك الحديدية

Rennes has a major French railway station, the Gare de Rennes, opened in 1857. Since 2 July 2017, it is now one hour and twenty-seven minutes by TGV high-speed train from Paris (after the extension of the High Speed Rail Line[17]). Train services are available to other major cities in France such as Lyon, Marseille, Lille, and Strasbourg.

Rennes is also an important railway station for regional transport in Brittany. The TER Bretagne provides links to Saint-Malo, Nantes, Redon, Vitré, Saint-Brieuc, Vannes, Laval, Brest and many other regional cities. It is served by Gares station on the VAL Rennes Metro.

المطار

Rennes is served by Rennes Brittany Airport (Saint-Jacques), located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the centre to the south-west in the commune Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande.

It notably operates regular or seasonal flights to Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon, Marseille, Nice, Toulouse, Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca, Rome-Fiumicino, Southampton, Dublin, Exeter, Manchester, Amsterdam Schiphol, Madrid Barajas, Birmingham, London-City, London-Gatwick and daily flights to London Southend Airport with Flybe.

أشخاص بارزون

Simon Bruté, 1891
Yvonne Dubel
Rene Pleven, 1951

البلدات التوأم - المدن الشقيقة

Twinned towns inscribed on the bridge over the central canal.

رين على توأمة مع:

(These twinned towns are inscribed on the bridge over the central canal of Rennes)

داخل فرنسا

Pacts of cooperation

رعاية

معرض الصور

  • Windows of the Hôtel Racape de La Feuillée at Place des Lices

    Windows of the Hôtel Racape de La Feuillée at Place des Lices

  • The Vilaine river seen from the Republic Square

    The Vilaine river seen from the Republic Square

  • The Opera of Rennes

    The Opera of Rennes

  • A timber framed house in Rennes, Maison de la Chouette

    A timber framed house in Rennes, Maison de la Chouette

  • Les Champs Libres, housing a regional library and the Museum of Brittany

    Les Champs Libres, housing a regional library and the Museum of Brittany

  • The Palace of Saint-Georges

    The Palace of Saint-Georges

  • Historic downtown on a quiet Sunday afternoon

    Historic downtown on a quiet Sunday afternoon

  • The Notre-Dame en Saint-Mélaine church

    The Notre-Dame en Saint-Mélaine church

الهامش

  1. ^ Comparateur de territoire Unité urbaine 2020 de Rennes (35701), Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Rennes (013), INSEE
  2. ^ "Ministère de la Culture – Maintenance". www2.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  3. ^ "Atlas Régional - Effectis d'étudiants en 2012-2013" (PDF). cache.media.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr.
  4. ^ "Le palmarès 2017 des villes où il fait bon vivre et travailler". 19 February 2018.
  5. ^ "Données climatiques de la station de Rennes" (in French). Météo France. Retrieved 16 December 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ "Climat France" (in French). Météo France. Retrieved 16 December 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ "Normes et records 1961-1990: Rennes-St Jacques (35) - altitude 36m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 16 December 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ http://www.groupeleduff.com/en/contact/contact/contact.html قالب:Bare URL inline
  9. ^ "RENNES 1981 08/04>29/04 – dmagalerie".
  10. ^ "Présentation de l'école - Skol Diwan Roazhon".
  11. ^ (in فرنسية) L'état de la langue bretonne dans l'enseignement en Ille-et-Vilaine (State of the Breton language in education in Ille-et-Vilaine) from Ofis ar Brezhoneg
  12. ^ (in فرنسية) Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue
  13. ^ "Home". Ayearinrennes.weebly.com. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
  14. ^ "欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Retrieved 10 May 2014. "College Anne de Bretagne 15, rue de Martenot, 35000 RENNES"
  15. ^ (in فرنسية) Rennes.maville.com Le projet de nouvelle ligne du métro sur les rails Archived 29 مايو 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Elliot, Calum. "Siemens Mobility delivers Line B of the Rennes metro". Intelligent CIO. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  17. ^ "Rennes à 1h30 de Paris en 2014 – France – Toute l'actualité en France". France Info. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
  18. ^  Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Boulanger, George Ernest Jean Marie" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 4 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 318–319. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  19. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bruté, Simon William Gabriel" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 4 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 695. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  20. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Conecte, Thomas" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 6 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 897. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  21. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Durocher, Joseph Marie Elisabeth" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 8 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 711. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  22. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Duval, Alexandre Vincent Pineux" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 8 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 737. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  23. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Geoffroy, Julien Louis" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 11 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 618. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  24. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kératry, Auguste Hilarion, Comte de" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 15 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 753. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  25. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "La Chalotais, Louis René de Caradeuc de" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 16 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 49. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lanjuinais, Jean Denis, Comte" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 16 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 182. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  27. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Le Chapelier, Isaac René Guy" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 16 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 353–354. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  28. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Quérard, Joseph Marie" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 22 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 742. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  29. ^ "Brno - Partnerská města" (in Czech). © 2006-2009 City of Brno. Retrieved 2009-07-17. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  30. ^ "Poznań Official Website - Twin Towns". Flag of Poland.svg (بالبولندية|Polish) © 1998–2008 Urząd Miasta Poznania. Retrieved 2008-11-29.

وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Rennes.
شعار قاموس المعرفة.png
ابحث عن رين في
قاموس المعرفة.

قالب:Cities in France

قالب:Ille-et-Vilaine communes

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