قالب:جدول كوبالت

كوبالت, ₀₀Co

كوبالت
المظهر	فلز رمادي بزرقة لامعة صلبة
الوزن الذري العياري Ar°(Co)
كوبالت في الجدول الدوري
– ↑ Co ↓ Rh حديد ← كوبالت → نيكل
الرقم الذري (Z)	27
المجموعة	9
الدورة	period 4
المستوى الفرعي	d-block
التوزيع الإلكتروني	[Ar] 3d7 4s2
الإلكترونات بالغلاف	2, 8, 15, 2
الخصائص الطبيعية
Color	رمادي معدني
الطور at د.ح.ض.ق	صلب
نقطة الانصهار	1768 K ​(1495 °س، ​2723 °F)
نقطة الغليان	3200 K ​(2927 °س، ​5301 °ف)
الكثافة (بالقرب من د.ح.غ.)	8.90 ج/سم³
حين يكون سائلاً (عند ن.إ.)	8.86 ج/سم³
حرارة الانصهار	16.06 kJ/mol
حرارة التبخر	377 kJ/mol
السعة الحرارية المولية	24.81 J/(mol·K)
ضغط البخار P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1790 1960 2165 2423 2755 3198
الخصائص الذرية
حالات الأكسدة	−3, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 ​(أكسيد متذبذب)
الكهرسلبية	مقياس پاولنگ: 1.88
طاقات التأين	الأول: 760.4 kJ/mol الثاني: 1648 kJ/mol الثالث: 3232 kJ/mol (المزيد)
نصف القطر الذري	empirical: 125 pm
نصف قطر التكافؤ	Low spin: 126±3 pm High spin: 150±7 pm
الخطوط الطيفية
خصائص أخرى
البنية البلورية	​Hexagonal_close_packed.svg
سرعة الصوت قضيب رفيع	4720 م/ث (عند 20 °س)
قضيب رفيع	100 W/(m·K)
التمدد الحراري	13.0 µm/(m⋅K) (عند 25 °س)
المقاومة الكهربائية	62.4 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
الترتيب المغناطيسي	مغناطيسية حديدية
معامل يونگ	209 GPa
معامل القص	75 GPa
معاير الحجم	180 GPa
نسبة پواسون	0.31
صلادة موز	5.0
صلادة ڤيكرز	1043 MPa
صلادة برينل	470–3000 MPa
رقم كاس	7440-48-4
التاريخ
الاكتشاف وأول عزل	گيورگ برانت (1735)
نظائر الكوبالت

Co • Cobalt
	iso27 Co  [+/−] IB-Co [+/−] IBisos [+/−]	→  ibox H
Category:Category:cobalt (0) Category:Category:Isotopes of cobalt (0)  Commons  Wikidata:  Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page)

child table, as reused in {IB-Co}
Main isotopes of cobalt
قالب:Infobox cobalt isotopes

أطقم بيانات قرأها {{Infobox element}}
الاسم والمميزات
أصل الرمز (11 غير تافه)
الصورة العليا (العنوان، البديل)
النطق
التآصلات (استعراض)
المجموعة (استعراض)
الدورة (استعراض)
البلوك (استعراض)
التواجد الطبيعي
الطور عند STP
حالات الأكسدة
صورة خطوط الطيف
التوزيع الإلكتروني (cmt, ref)
النظائر
الوزن الذري القياسي
النظير الأكثر استقراراً
Marefadata
Marefadata *
* غير مستخدمة في {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) انظر أيضاً {{Index of data sets}} • Category:Infobox element data sets (9) • (هذا الجدول:   )

 المراجع

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جدول كوبالت, ₀₀Xx

{{{name}}} في الجدول الدوري
{{{above}}} ↑ {{{symbol}}} ↓ {{{below}}} {{{left}}} ← {{{name}}} → {{{right}}}
الرقم الذري (Z)	{{{number}}}
[[نظائر ال{{{name}}}]]

Infoboxes for the chemical elements use the core template {{Infobox element}}.

 Parameters

In general

Usually parameters reproduce the value, and the template adds the SI unit or additional standard text. While the topic is technical, we can strive to make the result readable text, and even verbose. Not every reader is the Seaborg you are. For example, this is why the template writes "(at 0 °C)". For this, you may want to experiment with parameter input too - or propose improvements.

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Parameter naming patterns (do not type the _ underscore):

..._2, ..._3

Numbered values make a list.

..._ref

Most parameters have a _ref brother that allows for the reference. This reference is added right after the unit.

..._comment

Parameters with a _comment suffix are added to the end of a line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without additions (no brackets, no italics, ...).

Parameter list

This parameter list:    {{Infobox element <!-- top --> |image name= |image alt= |image size= |image name comment= |image name 2= |image alt 2= |image size 2= |image name 2 comment= <!-- General properties --> |name= |symbol= |pronounce= |pronounce ref= |pronounce comment= |pronounce 2= |alt name= |alt names= |allotropes= |appearance= <!-- Periodic table --> |above= |below= |left= |right= |number= |atomic mass= |atomic mass 2= |atomic mass ref= |atomic mass comment= |series= |series ref= |series comment= |series color= |group= |group ref= |group comment= |period= |period ref= |period comment= |block= |block ref= |block comment= |electron configuration= |electron configuration ref= |electron configuration comment= |electrons per shell= |electrons per shell ref= |electrons per shell comment= <!-- Physical properties --> |physical properties comment= |color= |phase= |phase ref= |phase comment= |melting point K= |melting point C= |melting point F= |melting point ref= |melting point comment= |boiling point K= |boiling point C= |boiling point F= |boiling point ref= |boiling point comment= |sublimation point K= |sublimation point C= |sublimation point F= |sublimation point ref= |sublimation point comment= |density gplstp= |density gplstp ref= |density gplstp comment= |density gpcm3nrt= |density gpcm3nrt ref= |density gpcm3nrt comment= |density gpcm3nrt 2= |density gpcm3nrt 2 ref= |density gpcm3nrt 2 comment= |density gpcm3nrt 3= |density gpcm3nrt 3 ref= |density gpcm3nrt 3 comment= |density gpcm3mp= |density gpcm3mp ref= |density gpcm3mp comment= |density gpcm3bp= |density gpcm3bp ref= |density gpcm3bp comment= |triple point K= |triple point kPa= |triple point ref= |triple point comment= |triple point K 2= |triple point kPa 2= |triple point 2 ref= |triple point 2 comment= |critical point K= |critical point MPa= |critical point ref= |critical point comment= |heat fusion= |heat fusion ref= |heat fusion comment= |heat fusion 2= |heat fusion 2 ref= |heat fusion 2 comment= |heat vaporization= |heat vaporization ref= |heat vaporization comment= |heat capacity= |heat capacity ref= |heat capacity comment= |heat capacity 2= |heat capacity 2 ref= |heat capacity 2 comment= |vapor pressure 1= |vapor pressure 10= |vapor pressure 100= |vapor pressure 1 k= |vapor pressure 10 k= |vapor pressure 100 k= |vapor pressure ref= |vapor pressure comment= |vapor pressure 1 2= |vapor pressure 10 2= |vapor pressure 100 2= |vapor pressure 1 k 2= |vapor pressure 10 k 2= |vapor pressure 100 k 2= |vapor pressure 2 ref= |vapor pressure 2 comment= <!-- Atomic properties --> |atomic properties comment= |oxidation states= |oxidation states ref= |oxidation states comment= |electronegativity= |electronegativity ref= |electronegativity comment= |ionization energy 1= |ionization energy 1 ref= |ionization energy 1 comment= |ionization energy 2= |ionization energy 2 ref= |ionization energy 2 comment= |ionization energy 3= |ionization energy 3 ref= |ionization energy 3 comment= |number of ionization energies= |ionization energy ref= |ionization energy comment= |atomic radius= |atomic radius ref= |atomic radius comment= |atomic radius calculated= |atomic radius calculated ref= |atomic radius calculated comment= |covalent radius= |covalent radius ref= |covalent radius comment= |Van der Waals radius= |Van der Waals radius ref= |Van der Waals radius comment= <!-- Miscellanea --> |crystal structure= |crystal structure prefix= |crystal structure ref= |crystal structure comment= |crystal structure 2= |crystal structure 2 prefix= |crystal structure 2 ref= |crystal structure 2 comment= |speed of sound= |speed of sound ref= |speed of sound comment= |speed of sound rod at 20= |speed of sound rod at 20 ref= |speed of sound rod at 20 comment= |speed of sound rod at r.t.= |speed of sound rod at r.t. ref= |speed of sound rod at r.t. comment= |thermal expansion= |thermal expansion ref= |thermal expansion comment= |thermal expansion at 25= |thermal expansion at 25 ref= |thermal expansion at 25 comment= |thermal conductivity= |thermal conductivity ref= |thermal conductivity comment= |thermal conductivity 2= |thermal conductivity 2 ref= |thermal conductivity 2 comment= |thermal diffusivity= |thermal diffusivity ref= |thermal diffusivity comment= |electrical resistivity= |electrical resistivity unit prefix= |electrical resistivity ref= |electrical resistivity comment= |electrical resistivity at 0= |electrical resistivity at 0 ref= |electrical resistivity at 0 comment= |electrical resistivity at 20= |electrical resistivity at 20 ref= |electrical resistivity at 20 comment= |band gap= |band gap ref= |band gap comment= |Curie point K= |Curie point ref= |Curie point comment= |magnetic ordering= |magnetic ordering ref= |magnetic ordering comment= |tensile strength= |tensile strength ref= |tensile strength comment= |Young's modulus= |Young's modulus ref= |Young's modulus comment= |Shear modulus= |Shear modulus ref= |Shear modulus comment= |Bulk modulus= |Bulk modulus ref= |Bulk modulus comment= |Poisson ratio= |Poisson ratio ref= |Poisson ratio comment= |Mohs hardness= |Mohs hardness ref= |Mohs hardness comment= |Mohs hardness 2= |Mohs hardness 2 ref= |Mohs hardness 2 comment= |Vickers hardness= |Vickers hardness ref= |Vickers hardness comment= |Brinell hardness= |Brinell hardness ref= |Brinell hardness comment= |CAS number= |CAS number ref= |CAS number comment= <!-- History --> |naming= |predicted by= |prediction date ref= |prediction date= |discovered by= |discovery date ref= |discovery date= |first isolation by= |first isolation date ref= |first isolation date= |named by= |named date ref= |named date= |history comment label= |history comment= <!-- Isotopes --> |isotopes= |isotopes comment= |engvar= }} {{Infobox element}}; labels & notes: TOP (Image)       (Image 2)       GENERAL PROPERTIES Name symbol Pronunciation       Alternative name(s)   Allotropes Appearance <element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE Periodic table       Atomic number Standard atomic weight ()     Element category     (Header bg color) Group     Period     Block     Electron configuration     Electrons per shell     PHYSICAL PROPERTIES   Color Phase       Melting point         Boiling point         Sublimation point       Density     Density                 Liquid density     Liquid density     Triple point               Critical point       Heat of fusion           Heat of vaporization     Molar heat capacity           Vapor pressure               Vapor pressure               ATOMIC PROPERTIES Oxidation states     Electronegativity     Ionization energy                       Atomic radius           Covalent radius     Van der Waals radius     MISCELLANEA Crystal structure       Crystal structure       Speed of sound                 Thermal expansion           Thermal conductivity           Thermal diffusivity     Electrical resistivity                   Band gap     Curie point     Magnetic ordering     Tensile strength     Young's modulus     Shear modulus     Bulk modulus     Poisson ratio     Mohs hardness           Vickers hardness     Brinell hardness     CAS Number     HISTORY Naming Prediction   () Discovery   () First isolation   () Named by   ()   (History comment) ISOTOPES OF <element> Isotopes of <element>   (wp:engvar)

 Subtemplates

 النظائر

Isotopes

Isotopes are to be entered by the editor using these subtemplates: {{Infobox element/isotopes stable}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay2}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 (2 2 1)}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay4}} Examples (from various elements): | isotopes = {{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=Fluorine-19 | mn=19 | sym=F | na=100% | n=10 }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=251 | sym=Cf | na=trace | hl=898 y | dm=α | de=6.172 | link1=curium-247 | pn=247 | ps=Cm}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=252 | sym=Cf | na=trace | hl=2.645 y | dm1=α (96.91%)| de1=6.217 | link1=curium-248 | pn1=248 | ps1=Cm | dm2=SF (3.09%)| de2=– | pn2= | ps2=–}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=26 | sym=Al | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl={{val|7.17|e=5|ul=y}} | dm1=[[Positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de1=1.17 | link1=magnesium-26 | pn1=26 | ps1=Mg | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=- | link2=magnesium-26 | pn2=26 | ps2=Mg | dm3=[[Gamma radiation|γ]] | de3=1.8086 | pn3= | ps3=- }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 (2 2 1) | mn=22 | sym=Na | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E7 s|2.602]] [[year|y]] | dm1=[[Beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]]→[[Gamma decay|γ]] | de1a=0.5454 | link1a=neon-22 | pn1a=22 | ps1a=Ne* | de1b=1.27453(2)<ref name=npa521_1>{{cite journal | last=Endt | first=P. M. | title=Energy levels of A = 21–44 nuclei (VII) | journal=Nuclear Physics A | volume=521 | pages=1–400 | date=1990 | doi=10.1016/0375-9474(90)90598-G | bibcode=1990NuPhA.521....1E }}</ref> | pn1b=22 | ps1b=Ne | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]]→[[Gamma decay|γ]] | de2a=- | pn2a=22 | ps2a=Ne* | de2b=1.27453(2) | pn2b=22 | ps2b=Ne | dm3=[[Beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de3=1.8200 | pn3=22 | ps3=Ne }} {{Infobox element/isotopes_decay4 | mn=260 | sym=Md | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=31.8 [[day|d]] | dm1=SF | de1=- | pn1= | ps1=- | dm2=α | de2=7.000 | link2=einsteinium-256 | pn2=256 | ps2=Es | dm3=ε | de3=- | link3=fermium-260 | pn3=260 | ps3=Fm | dm4=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de4=1.000 | link4=nobelium-260 | pn4=260 | ps4=No}} |isotopes comment=reference{{sfn|Chisté|2006}}1310<br> * = [[excited state]] produces the subtable: Demo, 00Xx Demo في الجدول الدوري {{{above}}} ↑ {{{symbol}}} ↓ {{{below}}} {{{left}}} ← demo → {{{right}}} الرقم الذري (Z) {{{number}}} نظائر الdemo

 Other

Other subtemplates are used automatically; they do not need specific editor's input.

• {{Infobox element/group}}
• {{Infobox element/periodic table}}

{{Periodic table (32 columns, micro)}}

When atomic number ≥ 119, the miniature periodic table shows an extended version (period 8 and up). See, for example, {{Infobox ununennium}}.

• {{Infobox element/vapor pressure table}}
• {{Infobox element/crystal structure}} (documentation)

 المراجع

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 See also

• {{Infobox element}}
• Category:Infobox element templates
• Category:Periodic table infobox templates
• All subpages of Template:Infobox element
• Category:Element infobox templates that need attention

Index to chemical element infoboxes
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1	1H ibox +/−																	2He ibox +/−
2	3Li ibox +/−	4Be ibox +/−											5B ibox +/−	6C ibox +/−	7N ibox +/−	8O ibox +/−	9F ibox +/−	10Ne ibox +/−
3	11Na ibox +/−	12Mg ibox +/−											13Al ibox +/−	14Si ibox +/−	15P ibox +/−	16S ibox +/−	17Cl ibox +/−	18Ar ibox +/−
4	19K ibox +/−	20Ca ibox +/−	21Sc ibox +/−	22Ti ibox +/−	23V ibox +/−	24Cr ibox +/−	25Mn ibox +/−	26Fe ibox +/−	27Co ibox +/−	28Ni ibox +/−	29Cu ibox +/−	30Zn ibox +/−	31Ga ibox +/−	32Ge ibox +/−	33As ibox +/−	34Se ibox +/−	35Br ibox +/−	36Kr ibox +/−
5	37Rb ibox +/−	38Sr ibox +/−	39Y ibox +/−	40Zr ibox +/−	41Nb ibox +/−	42Mo ibox +/−	43Tc ibox +/−	44Ru ibox +/−	45Rh ibox +/−	46Pd ibox +/−	47Ag ibox +/−	48Cd ibox +/−	49In ibox +/−	50Sn ibox +/−	51Sb ibox +/−	52Te ibox +/−	53 I  ibox +/−	54Xe ibox +/−
6	55Cs ibox +/−	56Ba ibox +/−		72Hf ibox +/−	73Ta ibox +/−	74W ibox +/−	75Re ibox +/−	76Os ibox +/−	77Ir ibox +/−	78Pt ibox +/−	79Au ibox +/−	80Hg ibox +/−	81Tl ibox +/−	82Pb ibox +/−	83Bi ibox +/−	84Po ibox +/−	85At ibox +/−	86Rn ibox +/−
7	87Fr ibox +/−	88Ra ibox +/−		104Rf ibox +/−	105Db ibox +/−	106Sg ibox +/−	107Bh ibox +/−	108Hs ibox +/−	109Mt ibox +/−	110Ds ibox +/−	111Rg ibox +/−	112Cn ibox +/−	113Uut ibox +/−	114Fl ibox +/−	115Uup ibox +/−	116Lv ibox +/−	117Uus ibox +/−	118Uuo ibox +/−
8	119Uue ibox +/−	120Ubn ibox +/−
			57La ibox +/−	58Ce ibox +/−	59Pr ibox +/−	60Nd ibox +/−	61Pm ibox +/−	62Sm ibox +/−	63Eu ibox +/−	64Gd ibox +/−	65Tb ibox +/−	66Dy ibox +/−	67Ho ibox +/−	68Er ibox +/−	69Tm ibox +/−	70Yb ibox +/−	71Lu ibox +/−
			89Ac ibox +/−	90Th ibox +/−	91Pa ibox +/−	92U ibox +/−	93Np ibox +/−	94Pu ibox +/−	95Am ibox +/−	96Cm ibox +/−	97Bk ibox +/−	98Cf ibox +/−	99Es ibox +/−	100Fm ibox +/−	101Md ibox +/−	102No ibox +/−	103Lr ibox +/−
Category:Periodic table infobox templates (by element) • Category:Infobox element templates (subtemplates)
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