قالب:مغنسيوم

المغنسيوم, ₀₀Mg

المغنسيوم
المظهر	صلب رمادي لامع
الوزن الذري العياري Ar°(Mg)
المغنسيوم في الجدول الدوري
Be ↑ Mg ↓ Ca الصوديوم ← المغنسيوم → الألومنيوم
الرقم الذري (Z)	12
المجموعة	2
الدورة	period 3
المستوى الفرعي	s-block
التوزيع الإلكتروني	[Ne] 3s2
الإلكترونات بالغلاف	2, 8, 2
الخصائص الطبيعية
الطور at د.ح.ض.ق	صلب
نقطة الانصهار	923 K ​(650 °س، ​1202 °F)
نقطة الغليان	1363 K ​(1091 °س، ​1994 °ف)
الكثافة (بالقرب من د.ح.غ.)	1.738 ج/سم³
حين يكون سائلاً (عند ن.إ.)	1.584 ج/سم³
حرارة الانصهار	8.48 kJ/mol
حرارة التبخر	128 kJ/mol
السعة الحرارية المولية	24.869 J/(mol·K)
ضغط البخار P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 701 773 861 971 1132 1361
الخصائص الذرية
حالات الأكسدة	+2, +1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
الكهرسلبية	مقياس پاولنگ: 1.31
طاقات التأين	الأول: 737.7 kJ/mol الثاني: 1450.7 kJ/mol الثالث: 7732.7 kJ/mol (المزيد)
نصف القطر الذري	empirical: 160 pm
نصف قطر التكافؤ	141±7 pm
نصف قطر ڤان در ڤالز	173 pm
الخطوط الطيفية
خصائص أخرى
البنية البلورية	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
سرعة الصوت قضيب رفيع	156 W/(m·K)
التمدد الحراري	24.8 µm/(m⋅K) (عند 25 °س)
المقاومة الكهربائية	43.9 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
الترتيب المغناطيسي	مغناطيسي مساير
معامل يونگ	45 GPa
معامل القص	17 GPa
معاير الحجم	45 GPa
نسبة پواسون	0.290
صلادة موز	1–2.5
صلادة برينل	44–260 MPa
رقم كاس	7439-95-4
التاريخ
التسمية	على اسم مغنسيا، اليونان
الاكتشاف	جوسف بلاك (1755)
أول عزل	همفري ديڤي (1808)
نظائر الالمغنسيوم

 المراجع

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مغنسيوم, ₀₀Xx

{{{name}}} في الجدول الدوري
{{{above}}} ↑ {{{symbol}}} ↓ {{{below}}} {{{left}}} ← {{{name}}} → {{{right}}}
الرقم الذري (Z)	{{{number}}}
[[نظائر ال{{{name}}}]]

Infoboxes for the chemical elements use the core template {{Infobox element}}.

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Parameter list

This parameter list:    {{Infobox element <!-- top --> |image name= |image alt= |image size= |image name comment= |image name 2= |image alt 2= |image size 2= |image name 2 comment= <!-- General properties --> |name= |symbol= |pronounce= |pronounce ref= |pronounce comment= |pronounce 2= |alt name= |alt names= |allotropes= |appearance= <!-- Periodic table --> |above= |below= |left= |right= |number= |atomic mass= |atomic mass 2= |atomic mass ref= |atomic mass comment= |series= |series ref= |series comment= |series color= |group= |group ref= |group comment= |period= |period ref= |period comment= |block= |block ref= |block comment= |electron configuration= |electron configuration ref= |electron configuration comment= |electrons per shell= |electrons per shell ref= |electrons per shell comment= <!-- Physical properties --> |physical properties comment= |color= |phase= |phase ref= |phase comment= |melting point K= |melting point C= |melting point F= |melting point ref= |melting point comment= 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expansion at 25 comment= |thermal conductivity= |thermal conductivity ref= |thermal conductivity comment= |thermal conductivity 2= |thermal conductivity 2 ref= |thermal conductivity 2 comment= |thermal diffusivity= |thermal diffusivity ref= |thermal diffusivity comment= |electrical resistivity= |electrical resistivity unit prefix= |electrical resistivity ref= |electrical resistivity comment= |electrical resistivity at 0= |electrical resistivity at 0 ref= |electrical resistivity at 0 comment= |electrical resistivity at 20= |electrical resistivity at 20 ref= |electrical resistivity at 20 comment= |band gap= |band gap ref= |band gap comment= |Curie point K= |Curie point ref= |Curie point comment= |magnetic ordering= |magnetic ordering ref= |magnetic ordering comment= |tensile strength= |tensile strength ref= |tensile strength comment= |Young's modulus= |Young's modulus ref= |Young's modulus comment= |Shear modulus= |Shear modulus ref= |Shear modulus comment= |Bulk modulus= |Bulk modulus ref= |Bulk modulus comment= |Poisson ratio= |Poisson ratio ref= |Poisson ratio comment= |Mohs hardness= |Mohs hardness ref= |Mohs hardness comment= |Mohs hardness 2= |Mohs hardness 2 ref= |Mohs hardness 2 comment= |Vickers hardness= |Vickers hardness ref= |Vickers hardness comment= |Brinell hardness= |Brinell hardness ref= |Brinell hardness comment= |CAS number= |CAS number ref= |CAS number comment= <!-- History --> |naming= |predicted by= |prediction date ref= |prediction date= |discovered by= |discovery date ref= |discovery date= |first isolation by= |first isolation date ref= |first isolation date= |named by= |named date ref= |named date= |history comment label= |history comment= <!-- Isotopes --> |isotopes= |isotopes comment= |engvar= }} {{Infobox element}}; labels & notes: TOP (Image)       (Image 2)       GENERAL PROPERTIES Name symbol Pronunciation       Alternative name(s)   Allotropes Appearance <element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE Periodic table       Atomic number Standard atomic weight ()     Element category     (Header bg color) Group     Period     Block     Electron configuration     Electrons per shell     PHYSICAL PROPERTIES   Color Phase       Melting point         Boiling point         Sublimation point       Density     Density                 Liquid density     Liquid density     Triple point               Critical point       Heat of fusion           Heat of vaporization     Molar heat capacity           Vapor pressure               Vapor pressure               ATOMIC PROPERTIES Oxidation states     Electronegativity     Ionization energy                       Atomic radius           Covalent radius     Van der Waals radius     MISCELLANEA Crystal structure       Crystal structure       Speed of sound                 Thermal expansion           Thermal conductivity           Thermal diffusivity     Electrical resistivity                   Band gap     Curie point     Magnetic ordering     Tensile strength     Young's modulus     Shear modulus     Bulk modulus     Poisson ratio     Mohs hardness           Vickers hardness     Brinell hardness     CAS Number     HISTORY Naming Prediction   () Discovery   () First isolation   () Named by   ()   (History comment) ISOTOPES OF <element> Isotopes of <element>   (wp:engvar)

 Subtemplates

 النظائر

Isotopes

Isotopes are to be entered by the editor using these subtemplates: {{Infobox element/isotopes stable}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay2}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 (2 2 1)}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay4}} Examples (from various elements): | isotopes = {{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=Fluorine-19 | mn=19 | sym=F | na=100% | n=10 }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=251 | sym=Cf | na=trace | hl=898 y | dm=α | de=6.172 | link1=curium-247 | pn=247 | ps=Cm}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=252 | sym=Cf | na=trace | hl=2.645 y | dm1=α (96.91%)| de1=6.217 | link1=curium-248 | pn1=248 | ps1=Cm | dm2=SF (3.09%)| de2=– | pn2= | ps2=–}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=26 | sym=Al | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl={{val|7.17|e=5|ul=y}} | dm1=[[Positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de1=1.17 | link1=magnesium-26 | pn1=26 | ps1=Mg | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=- | link2=magnesium-26 | pn2=26 | ps2=Mg | dm3=[[Gamma radiation|γ]] | de3=1.8086 | pn3= | ps3=- }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 (2 2 1) | mn=22 | sym=Na | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E7 s|2.602]] [[year|y]] | dm1=[[Beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]]→[[Gamma decay|γ]] | de1a=0.5454 | link1a=neon-22 | pn1a=22 | ps1a=Ne* | de1b=1.27453(2)<ref name=npa521_1>{{cite journal | last=Endt | first=P. M. | title=Energy levels of A = 21–44 nuclei (VII) | journal=Nuclear Physics A | volume=521 | pages=1–400 | date=1990 | doi=10.1016/0375-9474(90)90598-G | bibcode=1990NuPhA.521....1E }}</ref> | pn1b=22 | ps1b=Ne | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]]→[[Gamma decay|γ]] | de2a=- | pn2a=22 | ps2a=Ne* | de2b=1.27453(2) | pn2b=22 | ps2b=Ne | dm3=[[Beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de3=1.8200 | pn3=22 | ps3=Ne }} {{Infobox element/isotopes_decay4 | mn=260 | sym=Md | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=31.8 [[day|d]] | dm1=SF | de1=- | pn1= | ps1=- | dm2=α | de2=7.000 | link2=einsteinium-256 | pn2=256 | ps2=Es | dm3=ε | de3=- | link3=fermium-260 | pn3=260 | ps3=Fm | dm4=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de4=1.000 | link4=nobelium-260 | pn4=260 | ps4=No}} |isotopes comment=reference{{sfn|Chisté|2006}}1310<br> * = [[excited state]] produces the subtable: Demo, 00Xx Demo في الجدول الدوري {{{above}}} ↑ {{{symbol}}} ↓ {{{below}}} {{{left}}} ← demo → {{{right}}} الرقم الذري (Z) {{{number}}} نظائر الdemo

 Other

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• {{Infobox element/group}}
• {{Infobox element/periodic table}}

{{Periodic table (32 columns, micro)}}

When atomic number ≥ 119, the miniature periodic table shows an extended version (period 8 and up). See, for example, {{Infobox ununennium}}.

• {{Infobox element/vapor pressure table}}
• {{Infobox element/crystal structure}} (documentation)

 المراجع

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 See also

• {{Infobox element}}
• Category:Infobox element templates
• Category:Periodic table infobox templates
• All subpages of Template:Infobox element
• Category:Element infobox templates that need attention

Index to chemical element infoboxes
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1	1H ibox +/−																	2He ibox +/−
2	3Li ibox +/−	4Be ibox +/−											5B ibox +/−	6C ibox +/−	7N ibox +/−	8O ibox +/−	9F ibox +/−	10Ne ibox +/−
3	11Na ibox +/−	12Mg ibox +/−											13Al ibox +/−	14Si ibox +/−	15P ibox +/−	16S ibox +/−	17Cl ibox +/−	18Ar ibox +/−
4	19K ibox +/−	20Ca ibox +/−	21Sc ibox +/−	22Ti ibox +/−	23V ibox +/−	24Cr ibox +/−	25Mn ibox +/−	26Fe ibox +/−	27Co ibox +/−	28Ni ibox +/−	29Cu ibox +/−	30Zn ibox +/−	31Ga ibox +/−	32Ge ibox +/−	33As ibox +/−	34Se ibox +/−	35Br ibox +/−	36Kr ibox +/−
5	37Rb ibox +/−	38Sr ibox +/−	39Y ibox +/−	40Zr ibox +/−	41Nb ibox +/−	42Mo ibox +/−	43Tc ibox +/−	44Ru ibox +/−	45Rh ibox +/−	46Pd ibox +/−	47Ag ibox +/−	48Cd ibox +/−	49In ibox +/−	50Sn ibox +/−	51Sb ibox +/−	52Te ibox +/−	53 I  ibox +/−	54Xe ibox +/−
6	55Cs ibox +/−	56Ba ibox +/−		72Hf ibox +/−	73Ta ibox +/−	74W ibox +/−	75Re ibox +/−	76Os ibox +/−	77Ir ibox +/−	78Pt ibox +/−	79Au ibox +/−	80Hg ibox +/−	81Tl ibox +/−	82Pb ibox +/−	83Bi ibox +/−	84Po ibox +/−	85At ibox +/−	86Rn ibox +/−
7	87Fr ibox +/−	88Ra ibox +/−		104Rf ibox +/−	105Db ibox +/−	106Sg ibox +/−	107Bh ibox +/−	108Hs ibox +/−	109Mt ibox +/−	110Ds ibox +/−	111Rg ibox +/−	112Cn ibox +/−	113Uut ibox +/−	114Fl ibox +/−	115Uup ibox +/−	116Lv ibox +/−	117Uus ibox +/−	118Uuo ibox +/−
8	119Uue ibox +/−	120Ubn ibox +/−
			57La ibox +/−	58Ce ibox +/−	59Pr ibox +/−	60Nd ibox +/−	61Pm ibox +/−	62Sm ibox +/−	63Eu ibox +/−	64Gd ibox +/−	65Tb ibox +/−	66Dy ibox +/−	67Ho ibox +/−	68Er ibox +/−	69Tm ibox +/−	70Yb ibox +/−	71Lu ibox +/−
			89Ac ibox +/−	90Th ibox +/−	91Pa ibox +/−	92U ibox +/−	93Np ibox +/−	94Pu ibox +/−	95Am ibox +/−	96Cm ibox +/−	97Bk ibox +/−	98Cf ibox +/−	99Es ibox +/−	100Fm ibox +/−	101Md ibox +/−	102No ibox +/−	103Lr ibox +/−
Category:Periodic table infobox templates (by element) • Category:Infobox element templates (subtemplates)
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