Chemical element, symbol Pd and atomic number
پلاديوم, 00 Pd المظهر أبيض فضي
الرقم الذري (Z ) 46 المجموعة 10 الدورة period 5 المستوى الفرعي d-block التوزيع الإلكتروني [Kr ] 4d10 الإلكترونات بالغلاف 2, 8, 18, 18 الطور at د.ح.ض.ق صلب نقطة الانصهار 1828.05 K (1554.9 °س، 2830.82 °F) نقطة الغليان 3236 K (2963 °س، 5365 °ف) الكثافة (بالقرب من د.ح.غ. ) 12.023 ج/سم³ حين يكون سائلاً (عند ن.إ. ) 10.38 ج/سم³ حرارة الانصهار 16.74 kJ/mol حرارة التبخر 358 kJ/mol السعة الحرارية المولية 25.98 J/(mol·K) ضغط البخار
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1721
1897
2117
2395
2753
3234
حالات الأكسدة 0, +1, +2 , +3, +4 , +5, +6 (a أكسيد قاعدي معتدل) الكهرسلبية مقياس پاولنگ: 2.20 طاقات التأين الأول: 804.4 kJ/mol الثاني: 1870 kJ/mol الثالث: 3177 kJ/mol نصف القطر الذري empirical: 137 pm نصف قطر التكافؤ 139±6 pm نصف قطر ڤان در ڤالز 163 pm البنية البلورية مكعب متوسطن حول الوجه سرعة الصوت قضيب رفيع 3070 م/ث (عند 20 °س) قضيب رفيع 71.8 W/(m·K) التمدد الحراري 11.8 µm/(m⋅K) (عند 25 °س) المقاومة الكهربائية 105.4 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) الترتيب المغناطيسي مغناطيسية مسايرة [1] معامل يونگ 121 GPa معامل القص 44 GPa معاير الحجم 180 GPa نسبة پواسون 0.39 صلادة موز 4.75 صلادة ڤيكرز 400–600 MPa صلادة برينل 320–610 MPa رقم كاس 7440-05-3 التسمية على اسم الكويكب پالاس ، الذي هو نفسه مسمى على اسم پالاس أثينا الاكتشاف وأول عزلوليام هايد ولاستون (1803)قالب:جدول نظائر پلاديوم غير موجود التصنيف: پلاديوم | المراجع
المراجع
هذه المراجع ستظهر في المقال، ولكن هذه القائمة تظهر فقط في هذه الصفحة.
Chemical element, symbol and atomic number
Infoboxes for the chemical elements use the core template {{Infobox element }}.
Parameters
In general
Usually parameters reproduce the value, and the template adds the SI unit or additional standard text. While the topic is technical, we can strive to make the result readable text, and even verbose. Not every reader is the Seaborg you are. For example, this is why the template writes "(at 0 °C)". For this, you may want to experiment with parameter input too - or propose improvements.
All this can vary across the values (data rows). So depending on the row and the specific value, additional formattings may be added by the template (e.g., a newline <br>
)
Parameter naming patterns (do not type the _
underscore) :
..._2
, ..._3
Numbered values make a list.
..._ref
Most parameters have a _ref
brother that allows for the reference. This reference is added right after the unit.
..._comment
Parameters with a _comment
suffix are added to the end of a line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without additions (no brackets, no italics, ...).
Parameter list
{{Infobox element
<!-- top -->
|image name=
|image alt=
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=
|image alt 2=
|image size 2=
|image name 2 comment=
<!-- General properties -->
|name=
|symbol=
|pronounce=
|pronounce ref=
|pronounce comment=
|pronounce 2=
|alt name=
|alt names=
|allotropes=
|appearance=
<!-- Periodic table -->
|above=
|below=
|left=
|right=
|number=
|atomic mass=
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass ref=
|atomic mass comment=
|series=
|series ref=
|series comment=
|series color=
|group=
|group ref=
|group comment=
|period=
|period ref=
|period comment=
|block=
|block ref=
|block comment=
|electron configuration=
|electron configuration ref=
|electron configuration comment=
|electrons per shell=
|electrons per shell ref=
|electrons per shell comment=
<!-- Physical properties -->
|physical properties comment=
|color=
|phase=
|phase ref=
|phase comment=
|melting point K=
|melting point C=
|melting point F=
|melting point ref=
|melting point comment=
|boiling point K=
|boiling point C=
|boiling point F=
|boiling point ref=
|boiling point comment=
|sublimation point K=
|sublimation point C=
|sublimation point F=
|sublimation point ref=
|sublimation point comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gplstp ref=
|density gplstp comment=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3nrt ref=
|density gpcm3nrt comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt 2 ref=
|density gpcm3nrt 2 comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
|density gpcm3nrt 3 ref=
|density gpcm3nrt 3 comment=
|density gpcm3mp=
|density gpcm3mp ref=
|density gpcm3mp comment=
|density gpcm3bp=
|density gpcm3bp ref=
|density gpcm3bp comment=
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|triple point ref=
|triple point comment=
|triple point K 2=
|triple point kPa 2=
|triple point 2 ref=
|triple point 2 comment=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|critical point ref=
|critical point comment=
|heat fusion=
|heat fusion ref=
|heat fusion comment=
|heat fusion 2=
|heat fusion 2 ref=
|heat fusion 2 comment=
|heat vaporization=
|heat vaporization ref=
|heat vaporization comment=
|heat capacity=
|heat capacity ref=
|heat capacity comment=
|heat capacity 2=
|heat capacity 2 ref=
|heat capacity 2 comment=
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure ref=
|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure 1 2=
|vapor pressure 10 2=
|vapor pressure 100 2=
|vapor pressure 1 k 2=
|vapor pressure 10 k 2=
|vapor pressure 100 k 2=
|vapor pressure 2 ref=
|vapor pressure 2 comment=
<!-- Atomic properties -->
|atomic properties comment=
|oxidation states=
|oxidation states ref=
|oxidation states comment=
|electronegativity=
|electronegativity ref=
|electronegativity comment=
|ionization energy 1=
|ionization energy 1 ref=
|ionization energy 1 comment=
|ionization energy 2=
|ionization energy 2 ref=
|ionization energy 2 comment=
|ionization energy 3=
|ionization energy 3 ref=
|ionization energy 3 comment=
|number of ionization energies=
|ionization energy ref=
|ionization energy comment=
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius ref=
|atomic radius comment=
|atomic radius calculated=
|atomic radius calculated ref=
|atomic radius calculated comment=
|covalent radius=
|covalent radius ref=
|covalent radius comment=
|Van der Waals radius=
|Van der Waals radius ref=
|Van der Waals radius comment=
<!-- Miscellanea -->
|crystal structure=
|crystal structure prefix=
|crystal structure ref=
|crystal structure comment=
|crystal structure 2=
|crystal structure 2 prefix=
|crystal structure 2 ref=
|crystal structure 2 comment=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound ref=
|speed of sound comment=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at 20 ref=
|speed of sound rod at 20 comment=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion ref=
|thermal expansion comment=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|thermal expansion at 25 ref=
|thermal expansion at 25 comment=
|thermal conductivity=
|thermal conductivity ref=
|thermal conductivity comment=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal conductivity 2 ref=
|thermal conductivity 2 comment=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal diffusivity ref=
|thermal diffusivity comment=
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=
|electrical resistivity ref=
|electrical resistivity comment=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 0 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 0 comment=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|electrical resistivity at 20 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 20 comment=
|band gap=
|band gap ref=
|band gap comment=
|Curie point K=
|Curie point ref=
|Curie point comment=
|magnetic ordering=
|magnetic ordering ref=
|magnetic ordering comment=
|tensile strength=
|tensile strength ref=
|tensile strength comment=
|Young's modulus=
|Young's modulus ref=
|Young's modulus comment=
|Shear modulus=
|Shear modulus ref=
|Shear modulus comment=
|Bulk modulus=
|Bulk modulus ref=
|Bulk modulus comment=
|Poisson ratio=
|Poisson ratio ref=
|Poisson ratio comment=
|Mohs hardness=
|Mohs hardness ref=
|Mohs hardness comment=
|Mohs hardness 2=
|Mohs hardness 2 ref=
|Mohs hardness 2 comment=
|Vickers hardness=
|Vickers hardness ref=
|Vickers hardness comment=
|Brinell hardness=
|Brinell hardness ref=
|Brinell hardness comment=
|CAS number=
|CAS number ref=
|CAS number comment=
<!-- History -->
|naming=
|predicted by=
|prediction date ref=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=
|discovery date ref=
|discovery date=
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date ref=
|first isolation date=
|named by=
|named date ref=
|named date=
|history comment label=
|history comment=
<!-- Isotopes -->
|isotopes=
|isotopes comment=
|engvar=
}}
{{Infobox element }}; labels & notes:
TOP
(Image)
(Image 2)
GENERAL PROPERTIES
Name
symbol
Pronunciation
Alternative name(s)
Allotropes
Appearance
<element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
Periodic table
Atomic number
Standard atomic weight
()
Element category
(Header bg color)
Group
Period
Block
Electron configuration
Electrons per shell
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color
Phase
Melting point
Boiling point
Sublimation point
Density
Density
Liquid density
Liquid density
Triple point
Critical point
Heat of fusion
Heat of vaporization
Molar heat capacity
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure
ATOMIC PROPERTIES
Oxidation states
Electronegativity
Ionization energy
Atomic radius
Covalent radius
Van der Waals radius
MISCELLANEA
Crystal structure
Crystal structure
Speed of sound
Thermal expansion
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusivity
Electrical resistivity
Band gap
Curie point
Magnetic ordering
Tensile strength
Young's modulus
Shear modulus
Bulk modulus
Poisson ratio
Mohs hardness
Vickers hardness
Brinell hardness
CAS Number
HISTORY
Naming
Prediction
()
Discovery
()
First isolation
()
Named by
()
(History comment)
ISOTOPES OF <element>
Isotopes of <element>
(wp:engvar )
Subtemplates
النظائر
Isotopes
Isotopes are to be entered by the editor using these subtemplates:
Examples (from various elements):
| isotopes =
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable
| link=Fluorine-19 | mn=19 | sym=F | na=100% | n=10 }}
{{Infobox element/isotopes decay
| mn=251 | sym=Cf
| na=trace | hl=898 y
| dm=α | de=6.172 | link1=curium-247 | pn=247 | ps=Cm}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=252 | sym=Cf
| na=trace | hl=2.645 y
| dm1=α (96.91%)| de1=6.217 | link1=curium-248 | pn1=248 | ps1=Cm
| dm2=SF (3.09%)| de2=– | pn2= | ps2=–}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes decay3
| mn=26 | sym=Al | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl={{val|7.17|e=5|ul=y}}
| dm1=[[Positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de1=1.17 | link1=magnesium-26
| pn1=26 | ps1=Mg
| dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=- | link2=magnesium-26 | pn2=26 | ps2=Mg
| dm3=[[Gamma radiation|γ]] | de3=1.8086 | pn3= | ps3=-
}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 (2 2 1)
| mn=22 | sym=Na | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]]
| hl=[[1 E7 s|2.602]] [[year|y]] | dm1=[[Beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]]→[[Gamma decay|γ]]
| de1a=0.5454 | link1a=neon-22 | pn1a=22 | ps1a=Ne*
| de1b=1.27453(2)<ref name=npa521_1>{{cite journal
| last=Endt | first=P. M.
| title=Energy levels of A = 21–44 nuclei (VII)
| journal=Nuclear Physics A | volume=521 | pages=1–400
| date=1990 | doi=10.1016/0375-9474(90)90598-G
| bibcode=1990NuPhA.521....1E
}}</ref> | pn1b=22 | ps1b=Ne
| dm2=[[electron capture|ε]]→[[Gamma decay|γ]]
| de2a=- | pn2a=22 | ps2a=Ne*
| de2b=1.27453(2)
| pn2b=22 | ps2b=Ne
| dm3=[[Beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de3=1.8200
| pn3=22 | ps3=Ne }}
{{Infobox element/isotopes_decay4 | mn=260 | sym=Md
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=31.8 [[day|d]]
| dm1=SF | de1=- | pn1= | ps1=-
| dm2=α | de2=7.000 | link2=einsteinium-256 | pn2=256 | ps2=Es
| dm3=ε | de3=- | link3=fermium-260 | pn3=260 | ps3=Fm
| dm4=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]]
| de4=1.000 | link4=nobelium-260 | pn4=260 | ps4=No}}
|isotopes comment=reference{{sfn|Chisté|2006}}1310<br>
* = [[excited state]]
produces the subtable:
Chemical element, symbol and atomic number
Demo, 00 Xx
{{{above}}} ↑{{{symbol}}} ↓ {{{below}}}
{{{left}}} ← demo → {{{right}}}
الرقم الذري (Z ) {{{number}}} قالب:جدول نظائر demo غير موجود التصنيف: Demo | المراجع
Other
Other subtemplates are used automatically; they do not need specific editor's input.
{{Periodic table (32 columns, micro) }}
When atomic number ≥ 119, the miniature periodic table shows an extended version (period 8 and up). See, for example, {{Infobox ununennium }}.
المراجع
هذه المراجع ستظهر في المقال، ولكن هذه القائمة تظهر فقط في هذه الصفحة.
See also