التاسوع المقدس

يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Enneads or Aeneid.

For other uses, see التاسوع المقدس (توضيح).

Ennead
Some of the Enneade depicted in the Papyrus of Ani
الاسم بالهيروغليفية المصرية	:{{{1}}} psḏt
المكافئ الكنعاني	El's Divine Council

التاسوع المقدس (باليونانية قديمة: ἐννεάςcode: grc is deprecated ، يعني مجموعة من تسعة أشياء؛ Ennead) كان مجموعة من تسع deities in Egyptian mythology. The Ennead were worshipped at Heliopolis and consisted of the god Atum, his children Shu and Tefnut, their children Geb and Nut and their children Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys. في الديانة المصرية القديمة.

اعتقد المصريون قديماً بوجود عددٍ كبيرٍ من الآلهة والألهات ، وكان لكل واحدٍ من هؤلاء الآلهة دوره المرسوم للمحافظة على السلام والتناغم ما بين البشر وفي الطبيعة المحيطة بهم .

أخذ بعض هؤلاء الآلهة دور الخلق ، وبعضهم اختص بتوفير الحماية والأمن أو برعاية الناس بعد الموت ، أو لإحداث الفيضان الدوري لنهر النيل .

كان الكثير من هؤلاء الآلهة مجرد آلهة محلية تتواجد في قرية أو عزبةٍ ما ، أو أنها ترمز إلى بعضِ النباتات أو الحيوانات.

اهتم المصريون قديماً بتقديسِ هذه الآلهةِ وتقديم القرابين لها اعتقاداً منهم بأن هؤلاء الآلهةِ سيضمنون لهم من خلال هذه الطقوس الحياة المتصلة ، الرغيدة والآمنة.

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 المكانة في مصر القديمة

The Great Ennead was only one of several such groupings of nine deities in ancient Egypt. Claims to preeminence made by its Heliopolitan priests were not respected throughout Egypt, as each nome typically had its own local deities, whose priests insisted stood above all others; even in the nearby city of Memphis , which along with Heliopolis is contained within the limits of modern Cairo, the priests of Ptah celebrated him as singularly superior to the Nine — In addition to Memphis having its own creation myth, the contemporaneous city of Hermopolis had another creation story, the Ogdoad, that accounted for the physical creation of the universe by eight (different) primordial gods.

 الاسم بالمصرية واليونانية واللاتينية

The English name ennead is a borrowing via Latin of the Greek name enneás (ἐννεάςcode: grc is deprecated ), meaning "the nine". The term was a calque of the Egyptian name, written psḏt and also meaning "the Nine". Its original pronunciation is uncertain, since hieroglyphs do not record vowels, but may have been /piˈsiːcʼat/ in Old Egyptian, /piˈsiːtʼaʔ/ in Middle Egyptian, and /pəˈsiːtʼə/ in Late Egyptian. Egyptologists conventionally transcribe it as Pesedjet.

 تطور التاسوع

Among Egyptian pesedjets, the most important was the Great Pesedjet, also called the Ennead of Heliopolis, after its centre of worship. Heliopolis (Egyptian: Aunu, "Place of Pillars") was dedicated to the worship of the god Atum and thrived from the Old Kingdom until its decline under the Ptolemaic rulers.

The development of the Ennead remains uncertain. Egyptologists have traditionally theorised that the priesthood of Heliopolis established this pesedjet in order to stress the pre-eminence of the sun god above other deities, incorporating gods which had been venerated elsewhere for centuries while ignoring others. The most prominent of such deities was Osiris, god of vegetation and of the netherworld, who was incorporated into the Ennead as Atum's great-grandson. However, in the 20th century, some Egyptologists question the whole scenario.

What appears almost certain is that the Ennead first appeared when the cult of the sun god Ra, which had gained supreme ascendency during the 5th dynasty, declined during the 6th dynasty. After propagation of the Ennead, the cult of Ra - identified with Atum - saw a great resurgence until being superseded by the worship of Horus and the identification of the two as Ra-harakhty (Ra, who is Horus of the Two Horizons).

The Ennead faced competition by other groupings: At Memphis, the priests of Ptah identified their deity with the primeval mound, the place on which Atum arose first, giving him precedence over the Ennead.

 الأساطير: روايات التاسوع

جزء من سلسلة مقالات عن الديانة المصرية القديمة
المعتقدات الرئيسية وثنية • وحدة الوجود • تعدد الآلهة الروح • Duat الأساطير • علم الأعداد
الشعائر
صيغة التقديم • الجنائز • المعابد
الآلهة
أمون • أمونت • أنوبيس • أنوكت أپپ • أپيس  • آتن • أتوم باستت • بات • بس أبناء حورس الأربعة گب • هاپي • حتحور • حقت حورس • إيزيس • خپري  • خنوم خونسو • كوك • معحص  • ماعت معفدت • منحيت • مرت سگر مسخنت • مونتو • مين • مر-ور موت • نون • نيت • نخبت نفتيس • نوت • اوزيريس • پاخت پتاح • رع • رع-حوراختي • رشپ ساتيس • سخمت • سكر • سركت سوبك • سوپدو • ست • سشات • شو تاورت • تف‌نوت • تحوت واجت • واج-ور • وپ‌واوت • وسرت
النـصـوص
عمدوعت • كتاب التنفس كتاب المغارات • كتاب الموتى كتاب الأرض • كتاب الأبواب كتاب العالم السفلي
غيرهم
الآتونية • لعنة الفراعنة

The creation account of Heliopolis relates that from the primeval waters represented by Nun, a mound appeared on which the self-begotten deity Atum sat. Bored and alone, Atum spat or, according to other stories, masturbated, producing Shu, representing the air and Tefnut, representing moisture. Some versions however have Atum—identified with Ra—father Shu and Tefnut with Iusaaset, who is accordingly sometimes described as a "shadow" in this pesedjet.

In turn, Shu and Tefnut mated and brought forth Geb, representing the earth, and Nut, representing the nighttime sky. Because of their initial closeness, Geb and Nut engaged in continuous copulation until Shu separated them, lifting Nut into her place in the sky. The children of Geb and Nut were the sons Osiris and Set and the daughters Isis and Nephthys, which in turn formed couples.

 معرض صور

• 

  Atum

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  Shu

• 

  Tefnut

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  Geb

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  Nut

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  Osiris

• 

  Isis

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  Set

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  Nephthys

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  Horus

 Variant hieroglyphs for the Ennead

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(properly Z16H ):{{{1}}}

(properly F37J , a variant with a plain line at a 45° angle):{{{1}}}

A dual Ennead (Psḏtycode: egy is deprecated ) was written

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 في الثقافة الشعبية

Most of the Ennead are portrayed in Gods of Egypt (2016 movie); the main focus of the movie is the conflict between the protagonist god Horus versus the antagonist god Set.

In the first episode of the 2022 Marvel Cinematic Universe television miniseries Moon Knight, Steven Grant points out a problem with some of the museum's marketing material that seems to refer to the Ennead as a pantheon consisting of seven, rather than nine, gods.

In the BL manhwa ENNEAD, written and illustrated by Mojito, Set (using the name Seth) is the main character. It draws heavily upon classic Egyptian mythology and centers on the conflict between Horus and Seth.

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 ببليوجرافيا

• Vygus, Mark (April 2015). "Middle Egyptian Dictionary" (PDF). Pyramid Texts Online.