فهد برقبة ثعبان Serpopard
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الفهد برقبة ثعبان (serpopard)، أو اللبؤة الوحشية، هو حيوان أسوري عُرف من الفن المصري والرافدي القديمين. اسمه بالإنگليزية serpopard مشتق من كلمتين: "Serpent" وتعني الثعبان أو الأفعى و"leopard" أي الفهد، المشتق من التفسير القائل بأن المخلوق يمثل حيواناً بجسد فهد وعنق طويل ورأس ثعبان. ومع ذلك، فقد تم تفسيره أيضاً على أنه "أسد برقبة ثعبان". لا يوجد اسم معروف للمخلوق في أي نصوص قديمة.
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الصور
تظهر صور الفهد برقبة ثعبان بشكل خاص على باليتات تجميل مزخرفة من فترة مصر قبل الأسرات، وعلى نطاق أوسع، كزخارف تصميمية على الأختام الأسطوانية في ببلاد الرافدين القديمة (ح. 3500-3000 ق.م.). تشمل الأمثلة باليتة نارمر وباليتة الكلبين. يعرض ختم اوروك الأسطواني (الصورة أعلاه) الزخرفة بوضوح شديد. عادةً، يُصور مخلوقين متشابكي الرقبة.
التفسيرات
The image generally is classified as a feline, and with close inspection resembles an unusually long-necked lioness. It bears the characteristic tuft of the species at the end of the tail, there are no spots, the round-eared head most closely resembles the lioness rather than a serpent, because serpents do not have ears, and there are no typical serpent features such as scales, tongue, or reptilian head shape.[2]
It has been suggested that in Ancient Egyptian art the serpopard represents "a symbol of the chaos that reigned beyond Egypt's borders", which the king must tame. They are normally shown conquered or restrained, as in the Narmer Palette, or attacking other animals. But in Mesopotamian art they are shown in pairs, with intertwined necks.[3]
Mesopotamian use of these "serpent-necked lions" and other animals and animal hybrids is seen by some scholars as "manifestations of the chthonic aspect of the god of natural vitality, who is manifest in all life breaking forth from the earth".[4]
Similarly to other ancient peoples, the Egyptians are known for their accurate depictions of the creatures they observed. Their composite creatures have recognizable features of the animals originally representing those deities, merged into novel creatures.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Lionesses played an important role in the religious concepts of both Upper and Lower Egypt, and are likely to have been designated as animals associated with protection and royalty. The long necks could be a simple exaggeration, used as a framing feature in an artistic motif, either forming the cosmetic-mixing area, as in the Narmer Palette, or surrounding it, as in the Small Palette.
Depictions of similar fantastic animals also are known from Elam and Mesopotamia,[5] as well as many other cultures.
في الثقافة الشعبية
- The Serpopards appear in The Kane Chronicles book The Red Pyramid. Two Serpopards were sent by Set to attack Philip of Macedonia, Sadie Kane, Carter Kane, and Khufu. They were defeated by Bast.
- A serpopard has appeared in the card game Magic: The Gathering in the Egyptian-themed world of Amonkhet. Its creature type is "cat snake" and it has outright serpentine traits not seen in ancient depictions.
- A serpopard attacks Malik and Karina in the necropolis beneath Ksar Alahari in A Song of Wraiths and Ruin by Roseanne A. Brown.
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- O’Connor, David 2002. Context, function and program: understanding ceremonial slate palettes. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 39: 5–25.
- ^ Wolfhart Westendorf: Schlangenhalspanther (mythologisch). Wiesbaden 1984, Spalte 653.
- ^ "The Narmer Palette. Corpus of Egyptian Late Predynastic Palettes". Xoomer.alice.it. Retrieved 2010-08-23.
- ^ Ross, Micah (ed), From the Banks of the Euphrates: Studies in Honor of Alice Louise Slotsky, p. 177, 2008, Eisenbrauns, ISBN 1575061449, 9781575061443, Google books
- ^ Henri Frankfort, The Art And Architecture Of The Ancient Orient, Yale University Press 1996, p.37
- ^ Michael Rice, Egypt's Making: The Origins of Ancient Egypt, 5000-2000 BC, Routledge 2003, p.68
وصلات خارجية
- good images of Narmer Palette by Francesco Rafaele
