قائمة مواضيع الكيمياء الحيوية

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 0–9

2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate - 3' end - 5' end -

 A

ABC-Transporter Genes - abl gene - Acetic acid - Acetyl CoA - Acetylcholine - acetylcysteine - Acid - acidic fibroblast growth factor - Acrosin - Actin - Action potential - Activation energy - Active site - Active transport - Adenosine - Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - adenovirus E1A protein - adenovirus E1B protein - adenovirus E2 protein - adenovirus E3 protein - adrenergic receptor - adrenodoxin - aequorin - Aerobic - Agonist - Alanine - Albumin - Alcohol - Alcoholic fermentation - alicyclic compound - aliphatic compound - Alkali - Allosteric site - Allostery - Allotrope - Allotropy - alpha adrenergic receptor - Alpha helix - alpha-1 adrenergic receptor - alpha-2 adrenergic receptor - alpha-beta T-cell antigen receptor - alpha-fetoprotein - alpha-globulin - alpha-macroglobulin - alpha-MSH - Ames test - Amide - Amine - Amino - Amino acid - amino acid receptor - amino acid sequence - amino acid sequence homology - aminobutyric acid - Ammonia - AMPA receptor - amyloid - Anabolism - Anaerobic - Analytical chemistry - androgen receptor - angiotensin - angiotensin II - angiotensin receptor - ankyrin - annexin II - Antagonist - Antibiotic - Antibody - Apoenzyme - apolipoproteins A - apoptosi - Apoptosis - Aquaporin - Arginine - argipressin - aromatic amine - aromatic compound - arrestin - Arrhenius equation - aryl hydrocarbon receptor - Asparagine - Aspartic acid - atom - atomic - atomic absorption spectroscopy - atomic mass - atomic mass unit - Atomic nucleus - atomic number - Atomic orbital - Atomic radius - Atomic weight - ATP synthase - ATPase - atrial natriuretic factor - atrial natriuretic factor receptor - Avogadro's number - Axon -

 B

B cell - bacteria - bacterial conjugation - bacterial outer membrane protein - bacterial protein - bacteriorhodopsin - base (chemistry) - base pair - base sequence - basic fibroblast growth factor - Bcl-2 - bcr-abl fusion protein - benzene - benzene ring - beta 2-microglobulin - beta adrenergic receptor - beta sheet - beta-1 adrenergic receptor - beta-2 adrenergic receptor - beta-thromboglobulin - bioaccumulation - biochemical techniques - biochemistry - biodiversity - bioethics - biogenic amine receptor - bioinformatics - biological membrane - biologist - biology - biomechanics - biomedical model - biomolecule - biophysics - biopolymer - biosalinity - biotechnology - BLAST - blood proteins - boiling point - Boltzmann distribution - Boltzmann principle - bombesin - bombesin receptor - Bone morphogenetic protein - bradykinin - bradykinin receptor - BRCA1 - buffer solution -

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 C

C-terminus - C4 photosynthesis - cadherin - calbindin -calcitonin - calcitonin gene-related peptide - calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor - calcitonin receptor - calcitriol receptor - calcium channel - calcium signaling - calcium-binding protein - Calmodulin - calmodulin-binding protein - Calvin cycle - CAM photosynthesis - CAM plants - cancer - capsid - Carbohydrate - Carbon - Carbon fixation - Carboxylic acid - carcinoembryonic antigen - Carrier - carrier protein - CAS registry number - casein - catabolism - catalyst - catalytic domain - CCR5 receptor - CD4 antigen - CD45 antigen - CD95 antigen - CDC28 protein kinase - cell - جزيء التصاق الخلايا - Cell biology - cell cycle protein - cell membrane - cell membrane transport - cell nucleus - cell surface receptor - cellular respiration - cellulose - centriole - centromere - centrosome - chaperone - Chelation - Chemical bond - Chemical compound - Conformation - chemical element - Chemical equilibrium - Chemical formula - Chemical nomenclature - Chemical property - Chemical reaction - Chemical series - Chemical thermodynamics - Cheminformatics - chemiosmosis - chemiosmotic hypothesis - chemiosmotic potential - Chemist - Chemistry - Chemistry basic topics - chemotroph - chemokine receptor - chemoreceptor - chiasma - Chimera (protein) - chimeric protein - Chirality - chloride channel - chlorophyll - chloroplast - chloroplast membrane - cholecystokinin receptor - cholesterine - cholinergic receptor - chorionic gonadotropin - chromatid - chromatin - ciclosporin - Chromatography - Chromosomal crossover - chromosome - chromosome walking - cilium - circular dichroism - Circular DNA - cis face - Citric acid - Citric acid cycle - cladistics - cloning - coenzyme - Cofactor - colchicine - collagen - colloid - colony-stimulating factor - colony-stimulating factor receptor - Colorimeter - comparative biochemistry - competitive inhibition - complement 3A - complement 5A - complement factor B - complement membrane attack complex - complement receptor - complex - computational biology - computational chemistry - computational genomics - concanavalin A - Concentration - concentration gradient - consensus sequence - conserved sequence - Cooperative - Cooperative binding - Cooperativity - cooperativity cellular respiration - corticotropin - corticotropin receptor - corticotropin-releasing hormone - corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor - cotransport metabolism - covalent bond - Covalent radius - CpG island - cristae - cryptobiology - Crystal structure - Crystallography - cuticula - CXCR4 receptor - cyclic AMP receptor - cyclic AMP receptor protein - cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein - cyclic electron flow - Cyclic nucleotide - cyclic peptide - cyclin - cyclin A - cyclin B - cyclin E - cyclin-dependent kinase - cycloleucine - cyclosporin - cyclosporine - cystatin - cysteine - cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator - cytochrome B - cytochrome C - cytochrome P-450 - cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 - cytochrome C oxidase - cytokine receptor - cytoplasm - cytoplasmic and nuclear receptor - Cytosine - cytoskeletal protein - cytoskeleton - cytosol - cytotoxic T cell -

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 D

dactinomycin - decarboxylation reaction - delta opioid receptor - denaturation - Denatured - dendrite - dendritic cell - dendritic spine - deoxyribonucleoprotein - deoxyribose - desmopressin - Deuterium - developmental biology - dialysis - Diffusion - Dimer - dinucleotide repeat - Diploid - Disaccharide - Dissociation constant - Disulfide bond - Disulfide bridge - DNA - DNA fragmentation - DNA replication - DNA sequence - DNA topology - DNA transposable element - DNA virus - DNA-binding protein - dopamine D1 receptor - dopamine D2 receptor - dopamine receptor - double helix - Drosophila - drugs - dynorphin -

 E

eIF-2 - eIF-2 kinase - electrochemical potential - electron - electron capture - Electron configuration - electron microscopy - electron shell - electron transport chain - electron volt - Electronegativity - Electrophile - electrophoresis - electrophysiology - element - element symbol - ELISA - ELISPOT - embryo - embryonal development - emulsion - endergonic reaction - endodermis - endomembrane system - endoplasmic reticulum - endothelin receptor - endothelin-1 - energy decomposition cycles - energy level - enhancer - enkephalin - Enthalpy - entomology - Entropy - env gene product - Environmental chemistry - Enzyme - epidermal growth factor - epidermal growth factor receptor - Epidiorite - epigenetics - Epinephrine - equilibrium - equine gonadotropin - erbA gene - erbB gene - erbB-2 gene - erbB-2 receptor - erythropoietin - erythropoietin receptor - Essential amino acid - Ester - estradiol receptor - estrogen receptor - Ethanol - Ether - eubacteria - eukaryote - evolution - evolutionary biology - Evolutionary developmental biology - evolutionary tree - excretion - exergonic reaction - exon - extracellular matrix protein - eye protein -

 F

fab immunoglobulin - facilitated diffusion - factor VIII - FAD - FADH - FADH2 - Fat - Fatty acid - fc immunoglobulin - fc receptor - feedback inhibition - fermentation - fetal protein - fibroblast growth factor - fibroblast growth factor receptor - fibronectin - Fick's law of diffusion - Filtration - fitness (biology) - fitness landscape - flagellum - flavine - flavoprotein - fluid mosaic model - fms gene - Formaldehyde - fos gene - free energy - freezing point - FSH receptor - functional group - fungal protein - fungi - fusion oncogene protein -

 G

G protein - G protein-coupled receptor - G3P - GABA - GABA receptor - GABA-A receptor - gag-onc fusion protein - galanin - gamete - gamma-chain immunoglobulin - gamma-delta T-cell antigen receptor - gastrin - gastrointestinal hormone receptor - gastrula - Gel electrophoresis - gene - gene expression - gene pool - gene regulatory network - genetic code - genetic drift - Genetic engineering - genetic fingerprint - genetic recombination - Genetics - Genome - genomics - genotype - glial fibrillary acidic protein - globin - glucagon - glucagon receptor - glucocorticoid receptor - glucose - glutamate - glutamate receptor - Glutamic acid - Glutamine - Glycerine - Glycine - glycine receptor - glycolipid - Glycolysis - glycoprotein - gonadorelin - gradient - granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor - granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor - granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor - granzyme - growth factor receptor - GTP-binding protein - GTPase -

 H

hair cell - half-life - halobacteria - Halotolerance - haploid - Heat of fusion - Heat of vaporization - heat shock protein - Hsp70 (70 kDa heat shock proteins) - Hsp90 (90 kDa heat shock proteins) - heavy-chain immunoglobulin - Hela cell - helminth protein - helper T cell - hemopexin - hemoglobin - herpes simplex virus protein vmw65 - heterocyclic compound - heterotroph - heterozygote - Hfr cell - Hill reaction - His tag - histamine H1 receptor - histamine H2 receptor - histamine receptor - Histidine - histone - History of science and technology - HIV receptor - holoenzyme - homeobox - homeodomain protein - homology - homoserine - homozygote - homunculus - Hormone - housekeeping gene - Human Genome Project - hybridization - hydrocarbon - Hydrogen - Hydrogen bond - hydrogenation - hydrogen-deuterium exchange - hydrolysis - hydrolytic enzyme - hydrophilic - Hydrophobe - hydrophobic - hydrophobicity analysis - hydroxyl -

 I

IgA - IgE receptor - IGF type 1 receptor - IGF type 2 receptor - IgG - IgM - immediate-early protein - immune cell - immune system - immunoglobulin - immunoglobulin joining region - immunoglobulin variable region - immunologic receptor - immunology - In vivo - infrared spectroscopy - inhibin - inhibitor - inhibitory gi G-protein - Inorganic chemistry - insect protein - Insulin - insulin receptor - insulin-like growth factor I - Integral membrane protein - intein - intercellular adhesion molecule-1 - interferon receptor - interferon type I - interferon type II - interferon-alpha - interferon-beta - interleukin receptor - interleukin-1 receptor - interleukin-2 receptor - interleukin-3 - interleukin-3 receptor - intermediate filament - intermediate filament protein - intermembrane space - Intermolecular force - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry - interphase - intracisternal A-particle gene - Intramolecular force - intron - Inverse agonist - invertebrate peptide receptor - invertebrate photoreceptor - Ion channel - ion channel gating - Ionic bond - ionization potential - iron-sulfur protein - isoenzyme - isoleucine - Isomer - Isothermal titration calorimeter - Isotopic tracer -

 J

jun gene - Junk DNA -

 K

kainic acid receptor - kallidin - kappa opioid receptor - kappa-chain immunoglobulin - karyoplasm - karyotype - Kelvin - keratin - Kinase - kinesin - kinetic energy - kinetics - knock-out mouse - Krebs cycle -

 L

lactalbumin - Lactic acid - lactic acid autotroph - Lactic fermentation - lagging strand - laminin - LDL receptor - Le Chatelier's principle - lectin - leucine - leucine-2-alanine enkephalin - leukotriene B4 receptor - LH - LH receptor - LHRH receptor - life - life form - Ligand - light reactions - Lineweaver-Burke-diagram - lipase - Lipid - lipid anchored protein - lipid bilayer - lipoprotein - Liquid - List of compounds - list of gene families - locus - luminescent protein - lymphocyte homing receptor - Lysine - lysis - lysis buffer - lysozyme - lytic cycle -

 M

macroevolution - macromolecular system - Macromolecule - macrophage colony-stimulating factor - macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor - major histocompatibility complex - Malpighi body - Malpighi layer - marine biology - Mass spectrometer - maturation-promoting factor - mechanoreceptor - Medicine - meiosis - Melting point - membrane glycoprotein - Membrane protein - Membrane topology - Membrane transport - memory cell - Mendelian inheritance - Metabolic pathway - metabolism - metabotropic glutamate receptor - Metalloprotein - metaphase - metazoa - Methionine - micelle - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - microbe - Microbiology - microevolution - microfilament - microfilament protein - microsatellite - microscope - microtiter plate - microtubule-associated protein - mineralocorticoid receptor - minisatellite - mitochondrial membrane - mitochondrion - mitogen receptor - mitosis - mitotic spindle - mixture - modern evolutionary synthesis - Molar volume - mole (unit) - molecular biology - molecular chaperone - Molecular dynamics - Molecular engineering - molecular evolution - Molecular mechanics - Molecular modelling - Molecular orbital - molecular phylogeny - molecular sequence data - Molecule - Monoamine - monoclonal antibody - Monomer - Monosaccharide - monosaccharide transport protein - morphogenesis - Morphogenetic field - mos gene - Mossbauer spectroscopy - MRI - MSH - mu opioid receptor - mu-chain immunoglobulin - mucin - Muller's ratchet - multiresistance - muscarinic receptor - muscle - muscle protein - mutagen - mutation - myc gene - mycology - myelin basic protein - myeloma protein - myosin -

 N

N-formylmethionine - N-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine - N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor - N-methylaspartate - N-terminus - NADH - NADPH - NaKATPase - Native state - nef gene product - neoplasm protein - Nernst equation - nerve - nerve growth factor - nerve growth factor receptor - nerve tissue protein - nerve tissue protein S 100 - nervous system - neurobiology - neurofilament protein - neurokinin A - neurokinin K - neurokinin-1 receptor - neurokinin-2 receptor - neuron - neuronal cell adhesion molecule - neuropeptide - neuropeptide receptor - neuropeptide Y - neuropeptide Y receptor - Neuroscience - neurotensin - neurotensin receptor - neurotransmitter - neurotransmitter receptor - neutral theory of molecular evolution - neutron - neutron activation analysis - NF-kappa B - nicotinic receptor - nitrogen - Nitroglycerine - جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء - non-competitive inhibition - nuclear lamina - nuclear localization signal - Nuclear magnetic resonance - NMR - nuclear protein - Nucleic acid - nucleic acid regulatory sequence - nucleic acid repetitive sequence - nucleic acid sequence homology - nucleon - Nucleophile - nucleoside - nucleosome - nucleotide - nutrition -

 O

octreotide - odorant receptor - حاسة الشم - olfactory receptor neuron - Oligopeptide - oncogene - oncogene protein - oncogene proteins V-abl - oncogenic retroviridae protein - open reading frame - opioid receptor - opsin - Optical isomerism - organ (anatomy) - organelle - Organic - Organic chemistry - Organic compound - Organic nomenclature - Organic reaction - Organism - osmosis - osteocalcin - outer hair cell - ovalbumin - Oxidation - Oxidation number - oxidation state - oxidative decarboxylation - oxidative phosphorylation - oxygen - oxytocin - oxytocin receptor -

 P

P42 MAP kinase -p53 - pancreatic polypeptide - parathyroid hormone receptor - partial pressure - passive transport - Pauling scale - PCR - peptide - peptide bond - peptide elongation factor - peptide elongation factor tu - peptide fragment - peptide initiation factor - peptide receptor - peptide termination factor - peripheral membrane protein - pesticide - pH - phage display - pharmaceutical - pharmacist - pharmacology - phenol - phenotype - phenyl group - phenylalanine - Philadelphia chromosome - phospholipid - phospholipid bilayer - phosphopeptide - phosphoprotein - phosphorus - phosphorylation - phosphoserine - phosphothreonine - phosphotyrosine - photobiology - photolysis - photophosphorylation - photoreceptor - photorespiration - photosynthesis - photosystem I - photosystem II - phototransduction - phylogenetics - phylogeny - physical chemistry - physiology - phytohaemagglutinin - pituitary hormone receptor - pituitary hormone-regulating hormone receptor - plant protein - plasma membrane - plasmid - plasmin - plasminogen - platelet glycoprotein GPIb-IX complex - platelet membrane glycoprotein - platelet-derived growth factor - platelet-derived growth factor receptor - polymer - polymerase chain reaction - polymerization - polymyxin - polymyxin B - polyomavirus transforming antigen - polypeptide - polysaccharide - porphyrin - Posttranslational modification - potassium - potassium channel - potential energy - pregnancy protein - primary nutritional groups - primary structure - primer - prion - progesterone receptor - prokaryote - prolactin - prolactin receptor - proline - promoter - prostaglandin E receptor - prostaglandin receptor - protein - protein biosynthesis - Protein Data Bank - protein design - protein expression - protein folding - protein isoform - protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - protein P16 - protein P34cdc2 - protein precursor - protein structure prediction - protein subunit - protein synthesis - protein targeting - protein translocation - protein-tyrosine kinase - protein-tyrosine-phosphatase - proteinoid - proteomics - protirelin - proto-oncogene - proto-oncogene protein - proto-oncogene protein C-kit - proto-oncogene proteins C-abl - proto-oncogene proteins C-bcl-2 - proto-oncogene proteins C-fo - proto-oncogene proteins C-jun - proto-oncogene proteins C-mo - proto-oncogene proteins C-myc - proto-oncogene proteins C-raf - proton - proton pump - proton-motive force - protozoan protein - purine - purinergic P1 receptor - purinergic P2 receptor - purinergic receptor - pyridine - pyrimidine - pyruvate - pyruvate oxidation -

 Q

quantum chemistry - quaternary structure -

 R

radioisotope - radioisotopic labelling - Raman spectroscopy - random coil - ras gene - ras protein - reading frame - receptor - receptor protein-tyrosine kinase - recombinant fusion protein - recombinant interferon-gamma - recombinant protein - recombination - Redox - redox reaction - redox system - Reduction - Reflux - replication - replication origin - replicon - repressor - repressor protein - respiration - restriction enzyme - retinoblastoma protein - retinoic acid receptor - retinol-binding protein - retroelement - retroviridae protein - retrovirus - Reverse transciptase - RFLP - rho factor - rhodopsin - ribonucleoprotein - ribose - ribosomal protein - ribosomal protein S6 kinase - ribosome - RNA - RNA virus - RNA-binding protein - RNA-directed DNA polymerase - rod outer segment - rough ER -

 S

sarcoplasmic reticulum - satellite DNA - scientific notation - SDS-PAGE - second messenger - second messenger system - secondary structure - secretin - selectin - sensory receptor - sequence (non-mathematical) - sequence homology - sequence motif - sequencing - serine - serotonin - serotonin receptor - serpin - sexual reproduction - SH3 domain - SI - sigma factor - signal peptide - signal recognition particle - signal sequence - signal transduction - sincalide - skeleton - skin - smooth ER - sodium channel - sodium-hydrogen antiporter - soluble - solution - solvation - solvent - somatomedin - somatomedin receptor - somatostatin - somatostatin receptor - somatotropin - somatotropin receptor - somatotropin-releasing hormone - somatropin - sp1 transcription factor - spectrin - spectroscopy - src gene - src-family kinase - SSRI - starch - stem cell - stereochemistry - steroid 17 alpha-monooxygenase - steroid 21-monooxygenase - steroid receptor - stimulatory gs G-protein - stoichiometry - structural biology - structural domain - Structural formula - structural motif - substance P - substrate - sugar - sulfur - supercoil - superfamily - superoxide - surface immunoglobulin - suspension (chemistry) - synapse - synthetic vaccine - systems biology -

 T

T cell - T-cell antigen receptor - tachykinin - tachykinin receptor - talin - tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - tax gene product - taxonomy - telophase - Tertiary structure - tetrodotoxin - Thermochemistry - thermometer - Thiamin - thioredoxin - Threonine - thrombin - thrombin receptor - thrombomodulin - thromboxane receptor - thylakoid - thyroid hormone receptor - thyrotropin - thyrotropin receptor - thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor - thyroxine - Timeline of biology and organic chemistry - Titration - tobacco mosaic virus - Topoisomerase - Toxin - trans face - trans-activator - transcription factor - transcription factor AP-1 - transducin - transformation - transforming growth factor - transforming growth factor alpha - transforming growth factor beta - transforming growth factor beta receptor - transient receptor potential - translation (biology) - Transmembrane ATPase - transmembrane helix - transmembrane protein - transmembrane receptor - transport protein - transport vesicle - triiodothyronine - trinucleotide repeat - Triose - tropomyosin - troponin - Tryptophan - tubulin - tumor necrosis factor - tumor necrosis factor receptor - Tyrosine - tyrosine 3-monooxygenase -

 U

Ubiquitin - Urea - Urea cycle - Uric acid - UV/VIS spectroscopy -

 V

vaccine - vacuole - valence - valine - van der Waals force - van der Waals radius - vapor pressure - vapour pressure - vasoactive intestinal peptide - vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor - vasopressin - vasopressin receptor - venom - vertebrate photoreceptor - vesicle - vestibular system - vimentin - viral envelope protein - viral oncogene protein - viral protein - virology - virus (biology) - vitamin - vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein - vitellogenin - vitronectin - von Willebrand factor -

 W

Water -

 X

X chromosome - X-ray crystallography - X-ray diffraction - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Xenobiology -

 Y

Y chromosome - Yeast -

 Z

Zymology -