خيتا - المعرفة

خيتا Khita 𒄭𒋫𒀀
حاكم عيلام
لعلها معاهدة تحالف بين نرام-سن وخيتا من سوسا، ملك أوان، ح. 2250، سوسا، متحف اللوڤر.^[1]^[2]
العهد	ح. 2250 ق.م.
سبقه	هلو
تبعه	كوتيك-إن‌شوشيناك
الأسرة	ملوك عيلام

سوسا

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خيتا حكم من سوسا

خيتا Khita، وأحياناً هيتا Hita بالعيلامية (𒄭𒋫𒀀 hi-ta-a),^[3] كان حاكم سوسا والملك الحادي عشر من أسرة أوان في عيلام، حوالي 2280 ق.م.^[4]^[3]^[5] وكان، على أغلب الظن، جد الحاكم العيلامي الشهير كوتيك-إن‌شوشيناك، والذي خلفه على العرش.^[6]

كانت عيلام تحت هيمنة أكـَّد، على الأقل مؤقتاً، منذ زمن سرگون.^[7] ولعل خيتا مُسجَّل بأنه يوقع معاهدة سلام مع نرام سن الأكادي، تنص: "عدو نرام سن عدوي، وصديق نرام سن صديقي".^[5]^[1]^[2] النقش اِكتُشِف في سوسا.^[2] وقد اِقتُرِح أن المعاهدة الرسمية سمحت لنرام-سن أن يُبرِم سلاماً على حدوده الشرقية، حتى يتمكن من التعامل بفعالية مع التهديدات من گوتيوم.^[5]

المزيد من الدراسة للمعاهدة يقترح أن خيتا أعطى قوات عيلامية لنرام-سن، وأنه زوَّج ابنته للملك الأكادي، وأنه وافق على أن يقيم تماثيل لنرام-سن في معابد سوسا.^[5] وفي الواقع، فإنه من المعروف أن نرام-سن كان له نفوذ هائل على سوساً طيلة عهده، فشيَّد المعابد ووضع نقوشاً بإسمه، وجعل اللغة الأكدية تحل محل العيلامية في الوثائق الرسمية.^[4]

هذا النقش هو أقدم وثيقة معروفة باللغة العيلامية، ولكنها تستخدم الكتابة المسمارية الأكدية.^[3] وكان منقوشاً في معبد إن‌شوشيناك في سوسا.^[3]

خيتا في قائمة ملوك أوان
قائمة ملوك أوان، حيث يظهر خيتا كالملك الحادي عشر من أوان

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المراجع

^ ^أ ^ب Hansen, Donald P. (2002). Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen (in الإنجليزية). Eisenbrauns. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-57506-055-2.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت "Site officiel du musée du Louvre". cartelfr.louvre.fr.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث Leick, Gwendolyn (2001). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East (in الإنجليزية). Psychology Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-415-13231-2.
^ ^أ ^ب Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L. (1971). The Cambridge Ancient History (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. pp. 444-445. ISBN 978-0-521-07791-0.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L. (1971). The Cambridge Ancient History (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 651. ISBN 978-0-521-07791-0.
^ Leick, Gwendolyn (2001). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East (in الإنجليزية). Psychology Press. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-0-415-13231-2.
^ Gershevitch, I. (1985). The Cambridge History of Iran (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-521-20091-2.

سبقه هلو	ملك عيلام 2240–2220 ق.م.	تبعه كوتيك-إن‌شوشيناك

حكام الشرق الأدنى القديم

الأقاليم/ التواريخ ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]	مصر		كنعان	إبلا	ماري	أكشاك/ أكاد	كيش	أوروك	أداب	أومـّا	لگش	أور	عيلام
	سبقها: تأريخ فترة العصر الحجري الحديث
4000–3200 ق.م.	ثقافة نقادة (4000–3100 ق.م.)		Proto-Cannaanites	الفترة السومرية (4000–2340 ق.م.)									Susa I
	ثقافة نقادة (4000–3100 ق.م.)		Proto-Cannaanites	Pre-Dynastic period (4000–2900 ق.م.)									Susa I
	Naqada I Naqada II		Egypt-Mesopotamia relations	Uruk period (4000-3100 ق.م.) (Anonymous "King-priests") Legendary ante-deluvian rulers: In Eridu: Alulim, Alalngar, then in Bad-tibira: En-men-lu-ana, En-men-gal-ana, Dumuzid, the Shepherd, then in Larag: En-sipad-zid-ana, then in Zimbir: En-men-dur-ana, then in Shuruppag: Ubara-Tutu "then the flood swept over"^[5]									Susa II (Uruk influence or control)
3200–3100 ق.م.	Proto-Dynastic period (Naqada III) Early or legendary kings:
3200–3100 ق.م.	Upper Egypt Finger Snail Fish Pen-Abu Animal Stork Canide Bull Scorpion I Shendjw Iry-Hor Ka Scorpion II نعرمر / Menes	Lower Egypt Hedju Hor Ny-Hor Hsekiu Khayu Tiu Thesh Neheb Wazner Nat-Hor Mekh Double Falcon Wash
3100–2900 ق.م.	Early Dynastic Period First Dynasty of Egypt Narmer Menes Hor-Aha Djer Djet Merneith^♀ Den Anedjib Semerkhet Qa'a Sneferka Horus Bird		Canaanites	Jemdet Nasr period									Proto-Elamite period (Susa III) (3100-2700 ق.م.)
3100–2900 ق.م.				Great Flood
2900 ق.م.	Second Dynasty of Egypt Hotepsekhemwy Nebra/Raneb Nynetjer Ba Nubnefer Horus Sa Weneg-Nebty Wadjenes Senedj Seth-Peribsen Sekhemib-Perenmaat Neferkara I Neferkasokar Hudjefa I Khasekhemwy			Early Dynastic Period I (2900–2700 ق.م.)
2900 ق.م.				First Eblaite Kingdom (Semitic)	First kingdom of Mari (Semitic)	Kish I dynasty Jushur, Kullassina-bel Nangishlishma, En-tarah-ana Babum, Puannum, Kalibum
2800 ق.م.						Kalumum Zuqaqip Atab Mashda Arwium Etana Balih En-me-nuna Melem-Kish Barsal-nuna		Uruk I dynasty Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
2800 ق.م.								Enmerkar ("conqueror of Aratta")
2700 ق.م.				Early Dynastic Period II (2700–2600 ق.م.)
						Zamug, Tizqar, Ilku Iltasadum		Lugalbanda Dumuzid, the Fisherman
						En-me-barage-si ("made the land of Elam submit")^[6]
						Aga of Kish		Gilgamesh					Old Elamite period (2700–1500 ق.م.) Indus-Mesopotamia relations
2600 ق.م.	Third Dynasty of Egypt Djoser Sekhemkhet Sanakht Nebka Khaba Qahedjet Huni			Early Dynastic Period III (2600–2340 ق.م.)
				Sagisu Abur-lim Agur-lim Ibbi-Damu Baba-Damu		Kish II dynasty (5 kings) Uhub Mesilim		Ur-Nungal Udulkalama Labashum			Lagash En-hegal Lugalshaengur	Ur A-Imdugud Ur-Pabilsag Meskalamdug (Queen Puabi) Akalamdug
						Kish II dynasty (5 kings) Uhub Mesilim		Enun-dara-anna Mes-he Melamanna Lugal-kitun	Adab Nin-kisalsi Me-durba Lugal-dalu		Lagash En-hegal Lugalshaengur
2575 ق.م.	Old Kingdom of Egypt Fourth Dynasty of Egypt Snefru Khufu Djedefre Khafre Bikheris Menkaure Shepseskaf Thamphthis				Ur I dynasty Mesannepada "ملك أور وكيش"، المنتصر على أوروك
2500 ق.م.			Phoenicia (2500-539 ق.م.)		Second kingdom of Mari (Semitic) Ikun-Shamash Iku-Shamagan Ansud Sa'umu Ishtup-Ishar Ikun-Mari Iblul-Il Nizi	Akshak dynasty Unzi Undalulu	Kish III dynasty Ku-Baba	Uruk II dynasty Enshakushanna	Mug-si	Umma I dynasty Pabilgagaltuku	Lagash I dynasty Ur-Nanshe Akurgal	A'annepada Meskiagnun إلولو بالولو	Awan dynasty Peli Tata Ukkutahesh Hishur
2450 ق.م.	Fifth Dynasty of Egypt Userkaf Sahure Neferirkare Kakai Neferefre Shepseskare Nyuserre Ini Menkauhor Kaiu Djedkare Isesi Unas			Enar-Damu Ishar-Malik						Ush Enakalle		A'annepada Meskiagnun إلولو بالولو	Awan dynasty Peli Tata Ukkutahesh Hishur
2450 ق.م.				Enar-Damu Ishar-Malik						Ush Enakalle		Elamite invasions (3 kings)^[7]	Shushuntarana Napilhush
2425 ق.م.				Kun-Damu		Eannatum (King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
2400 ق.م.				Adub-Damu Igrish-Halam Irkab-Damu		Urur	Kish IV dynasty Puzur-Suen Ur-Zababa	Lugal-kinishe-dudu Lugal-kisalsi	E-iginimpa'e Meskigal	Ur-Lumma Il Gishakidu (Queen Bara-irnun)	Enannatum Entemena Enannatum II Enentarzi	Ur II dynasty Nanni Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II	Kiku-siwe-tempti
2380 BCE	Sixth Dynasty of Egypt Teti Userkare Pepi I Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Pepi II Merenre Nemtyemsaf II Netjerkare Siptah			Adab dynasty Lugalannemundu "King of the four quarters of the world"
2370 ق.م.				Isar-Damu	Enna-Dagan Ikun-Ishar Ishqi-Mari	Invasion of Mari Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter^[7]				Ukush	Lugalanda Urukagina		Luh-ishan
2350 ق.م.				Isar-Damu	Enna-Dagan Ikun-Ishar Ishqi-Mari	Puzur-Nirah Ishu-Il Shu-Sin	Uruk III dynasty Lugalzagesi (Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)						Luh-ishan
2340 ق.م.					Akkadian Period (2340–2150 ق.م.)
2340 ق.م.				Akkadian Empire (Semitic) Sargon of Akkad Rimush Manishtushu									Akkadian Governors: Eshpum Ilshu-rabi Epirmupi Ili-ishmani
2250 ق.م.				Naram-Sin							Lugal-ushumgal (vassal of the Akkadians)
2200 BCE	First Intermediate Period Seventh Dynasty of Egypt Eighth Dynasty of Egypt			Second Eblaite Kingdom (Semitic) (Vassals of UR III)	Shakkanakku dynasty (Semitic) Ididish Shu-Dagan Ishma-Dagan (Vassals of the Akkadians)	Shar-Kali-Sharri					Lugal-ushumgal (vassal of the Akkadians)
2200 BCE						Igigi, Imi, Nanum, Ilulu (3 years) Dudu Shu-turul		Uruk IV dynasty Ur-nigin Ur-gigir			Lagash II dynasty Puzer-Mama Ur-Ningirsu I Pirig-me Lu-Baba Lu-gula Ka-ku		Hishep-Ratep Helu Khita Puzur-Inshushinak
2150 ق.م.	Ninth Dynasty of Egypt Meryibre Khety Neferkare VII Nebkaure Khety Setut				Neo-Sumerian Period (2150–2000 ق.م.)
					Nûr-Mêr Ishtup-Ilum Ishgum-Addu Apil-kin	Gutian dynasty (21 kings) La-erabum Si'um		Kuda (Uruk) Puzur-ili Ur-Utu		Umma II dynasty Lugalannatum (vassal of the Gutians)	Ur-Baba Gudea Ur-Ningirsu Ur-gar Nam-mahani
					Nûr-Mêr Ishtup-Ilum Ishgum-Addu Apil-kin	Tirigan					Ur-Baba Gudea Ur-Ningirsu Ur-gar Nam-mahani
2125 ق.م.	Tenth Dynasty of Egypt Meryhathor Neferkare VIII Wahkare Khety Merykare				Iddi-ilum Ili-Ishar Tura-Dagan Puzur-Ishtar Hitial-Erra Hanun-Dagan (Vassals of Ur III)^[8]	Uruk V dynasty Utu-hengal
2100 BCE						Ur III dynasty "Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad" Ur-Nammu Shulgi Amar-Sin Shu-Sin Ibbi-Sin
2050 ق.م.
2000 ق.م.	Middle Kingdom of Egypt Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt Mentuhotep I Intef I Intef II Intef III Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep III Mentuhotep IV
حوالي 2000 ق.م.				Amorite invasions				Elamite invasions Kindattu (Shimashki Dynasty)
2025-1763 ق.م.	Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt Amenemhat I Senusret I Amenemhat II Senusret II Senusret III Amenemhat III Amenemhat IV Sobekneferu^♀			Third Eblaite Kingdom (Semitic) Ibbit-Lim Immeya Indilimma	Old Assyrian Empire (2025–1378 ق.م.) Puzur-Ashur I Shalim-ahum Ilu-shuma Erishum I Ikunum Sargon I Puzur-Ashur II Naram-Sin Erishum II Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II	Isin-Larsa period (Amorites) Dynasty of Isin: Ishbi-Erra Shu-Ilishu Iddin-Dagan Ishme-Dagan Lipit-Eshtar Ur-Ninurta Bur-Suen Lipit-Enlil Erra-imitti Enlil-bani Zambiya Iter-pisha Ur-du-kuga Suen-magir Damiq-ilishu Dynasty of Larsa: Naplanum Emisum Samium Zabaia Gungunum Abisare Sumuel Nur-Adad Sin-Iddinam Sin-Eribam Sin-Iqisham Silli-Adad Warad-Sin Rim-Sin I (...) Rim-Sin II							Sukkalmah dynasty Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
1894–1595 ق.م.	Second Intermediate Period Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt		Abraham (Biblical)	Yamhad		First Babylonian dynasty ("Old Babylonian Period") (Amorites) Sumu-abum Sumu-la-El Sin-muballit Sabium Apil-Sin Sin-muballit Hammurabi Samsu-iluna Abi-eshuh Ammi-ditana Ammi-saduqa Samsu-Ditana Early Kassite rulers					Second Babylonian dynasty ("Sealand Dynasty") Ilum-ma-ili Itti-ili-nibi Damqi-ilishu Ishkibal Shushushi Gulkishar ^mDIŠ+U-EN Peshgaldaramesh Ayadaragalama Akurduana Melamkurkurra Ea-gamil
1894–1595 ق.م.	Sixteenth Dynasty Abydos Dynasty Seventeenth Dynasty	Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt ("Hyksos") Semqen 'Aper-'Anati Sakir-Har Khyan Apepi Khamudi		Mitanni (1600–1260 ق.م.) Kirta Shuttarna I Parshatatar
1531–1155 ق.م.	New Kingdom of Egypt Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Ahmose I Amenhotep I			Mitanni (1600–1260 ق.م.) Kirta Shuttarna I Parshatatar		Third Babylonian dynasty (Kassites) Agum-Kakrime Burnaburiash I Kashtiliash III Ulamburiash Agum III Karaindash Kadashman-harbe I Kurigalzu I Kadashman-Enlil I Burnaburiash II Kara-hardash Nazi-Bugash Kurigalzu II Nazi-Maruttash Kadashman-Turgu Kadashman-Enlil II Kudur-Enlil Shagarakti-Shuriash Kashtiliashu IV Enlil-nadin-shumi Kadashman-Harbe II Adad-shuma-iddina Adad-shuma-usur Meli-Shipak II Marduk-apla-iddina I Zababa-shuma-iddin Enlil-nadin-ahi							Middle Elamite period (1500–1100 ق.م.) Kidinuid dynasty Igehalkid dynasty Untash-Napirisha
	Thutmose I Thutmose II Thutmose III
	Hatshepsut^♀ Amenhotep II Thutmose IV Amenhotep III Akhenaten Smenkhkare Neferneferuaten^♀ Tutankhamun Ay Horemheb			Hittite Empire
	Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt Ramesses I Seti I Ramesses II Merneptah Amenmesses Seti II Siptah Twosret^♀			Hittite Empire		Elamite Empire Shutrukid dynasty Shutruk-Nakhunte
1155–1025 ق.م.	Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt Setnakhte Ramesses III Ramesses IV Ramesses V Ramesses VI Ramesses VII Ramesses VIII Ramesses IX Ramesses X Ramesses XI Third Intermediate Period Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt Smendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II		Phoenicia Kingdom of Israel Saul Ish-bosheth David Solomon	Syro-Hittite states	Middle Assyrian Empire Eriba-Adad I Ashur-uballit I Enlil-nirari Arik-den-ili Adad-nirari I Shalmaneser I Tukulti-Ninurta I Ashur-nadin-apli Ashur-nirari III Enlil-kudurri-usur Ninurta-apal-Ekur Ashur-dan I Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur Mutakkil-Nusku Ashur-resh-ishi I Tiglath-Pileser I Asharid-apal-Ekur Ashur-bel-kala Eriba-Adad II Shamshi-Adad IV Ashurnasirpal I Shalmaneser II Ashur-nirari IV Ashur-rabi II Ashur-resh-ishi II Tiglath-Pileser II Ashur-dan II	Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("Second Dynasty of Isin") Marduk-kabit-ahheshu Itti-Marduk-balatu Ninurta-nadin-shumi Nebuchadnezzar I Enlil-nadin-apli Marduk-nadin-ahhe Marduk-shapik-zeri Adad-apla-iddina Marduk-ahhe-eriba Marduk-zer-X Nabu-shum-libur							Neo-Elamite period (1100–540 ق.م.)
1025–934 BCE						Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos") Simbar-shipak Ea-mukin-zeri Kashshu-nadin-ahi Eulmash-shakin-shumi Ninurta-kudurri-usur I Shirikti-shuqamuna Mar-biti-apla-usur Nabû-mukin-apli							Neo-Elamite period (1100–540 ق.م.)
911–745 ق.م.	Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt Shoshenq I Osorkon I Shoshenq II Takelot I Osorkon II Shoshenq III Shoshenq IV Pami Shoshenq V Pedubast II Osorkon IV Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt Harsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt Tefnakht Bakenranef		Kingdom of Samaria Kingdom of Judah		Neo-Assyrian Empire Adad-nirari II Tukulti-Ninurta II Ashurnasirpal II Shalmaneser III Shamshi-Adad V Shammuramat (regent) Adad-nirari III Shalmaneser IV Ashur-Dan III Ashur-nirari V	Ninth Babylonian Dynasty Ninurta-kudurri-usur II Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina Shamash-mudammiq Nabu-shuma-ukin I Nabu-apla-iddina Marduk-zakir-shumi I Marduk-balassu-iqbi Baba-aha-iddina (five kings) Ninurta-apla-X Marduk-bel-zeri Marduk-apla-usur Eriba-Marduk Nabu-shuma-ishkun Nabonassar Nabu-nadin-zeri Nabu-shuma-ukin II Nabu-mukin-zeri							Humban-Tahrid dynasty Urtak Teumman Ummanigash Tammaritu I Indabibi Humban-haltash III
745–609 BCE	Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt ("Black Pharaohs") Piye Shebitku Shabaka Taharqa Tanutamun		Neo-Assyrian Empire (Sargonid dynasty) Tiglath-Pileser^† Shalmaneser^† Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon^† Sennacherib^† Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi^† Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon^† Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II
745–609 BCE	Assyrian conquest of Egypt
626–539 BCE	Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt Necho I Psamtik I Necho II Psamtik II Wahibre Ahmose II Psamtik III		Neo-Babylonian Empire Nabopolassar Nebuchadnezzar II Amel-Marduk Neriglissar Labashi-Marduk Nabonidus										Median Empire Deioces Phraortes Madius Cyaxares Astyages
539–331 BCE	Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt (Achaemenid conquest of Egypt)		Achaemenid Empire Cyrus Cambyses Darius I Xerxes Artaxerxes I Darius II Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Artaxerxes IV Darius III
	Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
	Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
331–141 BCE	Ptolemaic dynasty Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion		Hellenistic Period Argead dynasty: Alexander I Philip Alexander II Antigonus Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes
141–30 BCE			Kingdom of Judea Simon Thassi John Hyrcanus Aristobulus I Alexander Jannaeus Salome Alexandra Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Antigonus II Mattathias	Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus	Parthian Empire Mithridates I Phraates Hyspaosines Artabanus Mithridates II Gotarzes Mithridates III Orodes I Sinatruces Phraates III Mithridates IV Orodes II Phraates IV Tiridates II Musa Phraates V Orodes III Vonones I Artabanus II Tiridates III Artabanus II Vardanes I Gotarzes II Meherdates Vonones II Vologases I Vardanes II Pacorus II Vologases II Artabanus III Osroes I
30 ق.م.–618 م	Roman Empire (Roman conquest of Egypt) Province of Egypt		Roman Empire Judea	Roman Empire Syria	Roman Empire Province of Mesopotamia				Vologases III Parthamaspates Sinatruces II Mithridates V Vologases IV Osroes II Vologases V Vologases VI Artabanus IV
30 ق.م.–618 م			Roman Empire Judea	Roman Empire Syria	Roman Empire Province of Mesopotamia				Sasanian Empire Province of Asoristan Ardashir I Shapur I Hormizd I Bahram I Bahram II Bahram III Narseh Hormizd II Adur Narseh Shapur II Ardashir II Shapur III Bahram IV Yazdegerd I Shapur IV Khosrow Bahram V Yazdegerd II Hormizd III Peroz I Balash Kavad I Jamasp Kavad I Khosrow I Hormizd IV Khosrow II Bahram VI Chobin Vistahm
618–628 م	Sasanian Empire (Sasanian conquest of Egypt) Province of Egypt Shahrbaraz Sahralanyozan Shahrbaraz		Sasanian Empire Province of Asoristan Khosrow II Kavad II Ardashir III Shahrbaraz Khosrow III Boran Shapur-i Shahrvaraz Azarmidokht Farrukh Hormizd Hormizd VI Khosrow IV Boran Yazdegerd III Peroz III Narsieh
628–641 م	Roman Empire Province of Egypt		Roman Empire يهودا	Roman Empire سوريا	Roman Empire مقاطعة الرافدين
639–651 م	Muslim conquest of Egypt		Muslim conquest of the Levant		Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
حكام آسيا الوسطى القديمة
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