اتفاقية التجارة الحرة في أوروبا الوسطى

Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) Native names Marrëveshja e Tregtisë së Lirë të Evropës Qendrore (ألبانية) Centralnoevropski Sporazum o slobodnoj trgovini (بوسنية) Централноевропски договор за слободна трговија (مقدونية) Acordul Central European al Comerțului Liber (رومانية) Centralnoevropski dogovor o slobodnoj trgovini (صربية)
العلم
Map of Europe (grey) indicating the members of CEFTA (blue).
لغة العمل	الإنگليزية
اللغات الرسمية للدول المتعاقدة	6 لغات الألبانية البوسنية الجبل الأسود الرومانية المقدونية الصربية
Type	اتفاقية تجارة
العضوية	7 states ألبانيا  البوسنة والهرسك شمال مقدونيا مولدوڤا الجبل الأسود  صربيا UNMIK (on behalf of Kosovo)
الزعماء
• Chair-in-Office	Albania
• Secretary-General	Renata Vitez
التأسيس
• Agreement signed	21 December 1992
المساحة
• إجمالي	252,428 km2 (97,463 sq mi)
التعداد
• تقدير 2018	21.4 million
• Density	85/km2 (220.1/sq mi)
ن.م.إ.  (PPP)	تقدير 2018
• الإجمالي	$290 billion
• للفرد	$13,500
ن.م.إ.  (اسمي)	تقدير 2018
• إجمالي	$120 billion
• للفرد	$5,600
العملة	6 currencies   ALL  Lek   BAM  Marka   EUR  Euro   MKD  Denar   MDL  Leu   RSD  Dinar
منطقة التوقيت	CET / EET (UTC+1 / +2)
• الصيفي (DST)	CEST / EEST (UTC+2 / +3)

اتفاقية التجارة الحرة في أوروبا الوسطى (Central European Free Trade Agreement؛ CEFTA) هي اتفاقية تجارة بين بلدان خارج الاتحاد الأوروپي، وأعضاء به يقع معظمهم في جنوب شرق أوروپا. Founded by representatives of Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, CEFTA expanded to Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and the UNMIK (on behalf of Kosovo in accordance with UNSCR 1244).

Once a participating country joins the European Union (EU), its CEFTA membership ends. As of 1 July 2013, the parties of the CEFTA agreement are: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and the UNMIK on behalf of Kosovo.

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 الأعضاء

As of 1 July 2013, the parties of the CEFTA agreement are: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, مولدوڤا, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and UNMIK (on behalf of Kosovo).

Former parties are Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Their CEFTA memberships ended when they became member states of the European Union (EU).

Parties of agreement		Joined	Left
بولندا		1992	2004
المجر		1992	2004
تشيكوسلوفاكيا	التشيك (1993)	1992	2004
	سلوفاكيا (1993)		2004
سلوفينيا		1996	2004
رومانيا		1997	2007
بلغاريا		1999	2007
كرواتيا		2003	2013
شمال مقدونيا		2006	—
ألبانيا		2007	—
البوسنة والهرسك		2007	—
مولدوڤا		2007	—
الجبل الأسود		2007	—
صربيا		2007	—
UNMIK ( Kosovo)		2007	—

 Membership criteria

Former Poznań Declaration criteria:

• World Trade Organization membership
• European Union Association Agreement with provisions for future full membership
• Free Trade Agreements with the current CEFTA member states

Current criteria since Zagreb meeting in 2005:

• WTO membership or commitment to respect all WTO regulations
• any European Union Association Agreement
• Free Trade Agreements with the current CEFTA member states

 الأعضاء الحاليون

العلم	الطرف المتعاقد	الانضمام	التعداد	المساحة (كم²)	العاصمة	GDP in millions (PPP)	GDP per capita (PPP)
	Republic of Albania	2007-01-01	&&&&&&&&02787615.&&&&&02٬787٬615	&&&&&&&&&&028748.&&&&&028٬748	Tirana	38.526	13,396
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	2007-01-01	&&&&&&&&03839265.&&&&&03٬839٬265	&&&&&&&&&&051209.&&&&&051٬209	Sarajevo	47.048	12,260
	Republic of Moldova	2007-01-01	&&&&&&&&03559500.&&&&&03٬559٬500	&&&&&&&&&&033843.&&&&&033٬843	Chişinău	21.424	7,044
	Montenegro	2007-01-01	&&&&&&&&&0621240.&&&&&0621٬240	&&&&&&&&&&014026.&&&&&014٬026	Podgorica	11.555	18,539
	Republic of North Macedonia	2006-01-01	&&&&&&&&02059794.&&&&&02٬059٬794	&&&&&&&&&&025713.&&&&&025٬713	Skopje	33.748	16,243
	Republic of Serbia	2007-01-01	&&&&&&&&07241295.&&&&&07٬241٬295	&&&&&&&&&&088361.&&&&&088٬361	Belgrade	120.466	18,285
()	UNMIK (on behalf of Kosovo)	2007-01-01	&&&&&&&&01798645.&&&&&01٬798٬645	&&&&&&&&&&010908.&&&&&010٬908	Pristina	19.672	9,383

 التاريخ

History of CEFTA members from 1992 to 2013. All of the original members of the trade pact became members of the European Union (EU), and because of such, Southeast European nations, such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, UNMIK (on behalf of Kosovo), Montenegro, and Serbia, joined in and carried the CEFTA.

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  CEFTA member states

  EU member states

 الاتفاقية الأصلية

The original CEFTA agreement was signed by the Visegrád Group countries, that is by Poland, Hungary and Czech and Slovak republics (at the time parts of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic) on 21 December 1992 in Kraków, Poland. It came into force in July 1994. Through CEFTA, participating countries hoped to mobilize efforts to integrate into Western European institutions and through this, to join European political, economic, security and legal systems, thereby consolidating democracy and free-market economics.

The agreement was amended by the agreements signed on 11 September 1995 in Brno and on 4 July 2003 in Bled.

Slovenia joined CEFTA in 1996, Romania in 1997, Bulgaria in 1999, Croatia in 2003 and North Macedonia in 2006.

 اتفاقية 2006

All of the parties of the original agreement had now joined the EU and thus left CEFTA. Therefore, it was decided to extend CEFTA to cover the rest of the Balkan states, which already had completed a matrix of bilateral free trade agreements in the framework of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. On 6 April 2006, at the South East Europe Prime Ministers Summit in Bucharest, a joint declaration on expansion of CEFTA to Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Serbia, Montenegro and UNMIK (on behalf of Kosovo) was adopted. Accession of Ukraine has also been discussed. The new enlarged agreement was initialled on 9 November 2006 in Brussels and was signed on 19 December 2006 at the South East European Prime Ministers Summit in Bucharest. The agreement went into effect on 26 July 2007 for Albania, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro and North Macedonia, on 22 August for Croatia, on 24 October for Serbia, and on 22 November 2007 for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the agreement was to establish a free trade zone in the region by 31 December 2010.

After the declaration of independence of Kosovo on 17 February 2008 UNMIK continued to represent Kosovo at all CEFTA meetings. At the end of 2008 Kosovo changed its customs stamps replacing UNMIK with Kosovo. This resulted in a trade blockade from Serbia and Bosnia that do not recognise the Republic of Kosovo. The government in Pristina retaliated by imposing its own blockade on imports from Serbia. This led to clashes at border posts in July 2011.

 Relations with the European Union

All former participating countries had previously signed association agreements with the EU, so in fact CEFTA has served as a preparation for full European Union membership. Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia joined the EU on 1 May 2004, with Bulgaria and Romania following suit on 1 January 2007. Croatia joined the EU on 1 July 2013.

Montenegro and Serbia have been undergoing EU accession talks since 2012 and 2013, whereas Albania and North Macedonia are official candidate countries of the EU.

At the EU's recommendation, the future members prepared for membership by establishing free trade areas. A large proportion of CEFTA foreign trade is with EU countries.

 See also

• Economy of Europe
• Free trade areas in Europe
• European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
• Enlargement of the European Union
• Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe (includes a matrix of bilateral FTAs)
• Mercosur
• Southeast Europe Transport Community
• Rules of Origin
• Market access
• Free-trade area
• Tariffs

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 Notes and references

 Notes

a.	^ Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between Serbia and the local Albanian majority. The Assembly of Kosovo declared its independence on 17 February 2008, a move that is recognised and the Republic of China (Taiwan), but not by Serbia, which claims it as part of its sovereign territory.

 وصلات خارجية

• Market Access Map (A free tool developed by International Trade Centre, which identify customs tariffs, tariff rate quotas, trade remedies, regulatory requirements and preferential regimes applicable to products, including CEFTA)
• Rules of Origin Facilitator (A free tool jointly developed by International Trade Centre, World Trade Organization and World Customs Organization which enables traders to find specific criteria and general origin requirements applicable to their products, understand and comply with them in order to be eligible for preferential tariffs. The tool is very useful for traders who want to gain benefit from CEFTA)
• CEFTA official website
• CEFTA Trade Portal
• Original CEFTA Treaty
• CEFTA 2006 Agreement
• Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) page on the Rules of Origin Facilitator, with member countries' status and access to legal documents.