رامزى ماكدونالد

The Right Honourable Ramsay MacDonald FRS رئيس وزراء المملكة المتحدة في المنصب 5 June 1929 – 7 June 1935 العاهل جورج الخامس سبقه ستانلي بالدوين خلفه ستانلي بالدوين في المنصب 22 January 1924 – 4 November 1924 العاهل George V سبقه ستانلي بالدوين خلفه ستانلي بالدوين Leader of the Opposition في المنصب 4 November 1924 – 5 June 1929 العاهل George V رئيس الوزراء ستانلي بالدوين سبقه ستانلي بالدوين خلفه ستانلي بالدوين في المنصب 21 November 1922 – 22 January 1924 العاهل George V رئيس الوزراء Bonar Law ستانلي بالدوين سبقه H. H. Asquith خلفه ستانلي بالدوين Leader of the Labour Party في المنصب 22 November 1922 – 1 September 1931 نائب John Robert Clynes سبقه John Robert Clynes خلفه Arthur Henderson في المنصب 6 February 1911 – 5 August 1914 Chief Whip George Henry Roberts Arthur Henderson سبقه George Nicoll Barnes خلفه Arthur Henderson Lord President of the Council في المنصب 7 June 1935 – 28 May 1937 رئيس الوزراء ستانلي بالدوين سبقه ستانلي بالدوين خلفه The Viscount Halifax Leader of the House of Commons في المنصب 5 June 1929 – 7 June 1935 سبقه ستانلي بالدوين خلفه ستانلي بالدوين في المنصب 22 January 1924 – 3 November 1924 سبقه ستانلي بالدوين خلفه ستانلي بالدوين Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs في المنصب 22 January 1924 – 3 November 1924 سبقه The Marquess Curzon خلفه Austen Chamberlain Member of Parliament for the Combined Scottish Universities في المنصب 31 January 1936 – 9 November 1937 سبقه Noel Skelton خلفه Sir John Anderson Member of Parliament for Seaham في المنصب 30 May 1929 – 14 November 1935 سبقه Sidney Webb خلفه Emanuel Shinwell Member of Parliament for Aberavon في المنصب 15 November 1922 – 30 May 1929 سبقه John Edwards خلفه William Cove Member of Parliament for Leicester with Henry Broadhurst (to March 1906) with Franklin Thomasson (1906–1910) with Eliot Crawshay-Williams (1910–1913) with Sir Gordon Hewart (1913–1918) في المنصب 8 February 1906 – 14 December 1918 سبقه John Rolleston Henry Broadhurst خلفه Sir Gordon Hewart (Leicester East) تفاصيل شخصية وُلِد James MacDonald Ramsay (1866-10-12)12 أكتوبر 1866 Lossiemouth, Morayshire, Scotland, UK توفي 9 نوفمبر 1937(1937-11-09) (aged 71) Atlantic Ocean, (on holiday aboard the ocean liner Reina del Pacifico) المدفن Spynie Cemetery, Morayshire القومية British الحزب Labour (until 1931) National Labour (from 1931) الزوج Margaret Ethel Gladstone ​ ​ (m. 1896⁠–⁠1911)​ الأنجال 6 الإقامة 10 Downing Street الجامعة الأم Birkbeck, University of London المهنة Journalist الدين Free Church of Scotland التوقيع

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رامزي ماكدونالد (Ramsay MacDonald): سياسي بريطاني وُلد 12 أكتوبر 1866 . ارتقى من أصول متواضعة ليصبح أول رئيس وزراء من حزب العمل البريطاني في عام1924. تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا مرتين: 22 يناير 1924، 5 يونيو 1929 إلى 1935. تُوفى 9 نوفمبر 1937.

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 زعيم الحزب

Hoist with this own petard.
Mr. Ramsay MacDonald (Champion of Independent Labour). "Of course I'm all for peaceful picketing—on principle. But it must be applied to the proper parties."
Cartoon from Punch 20 June 1917

ملصق انتخابات مُنتـَج لانتخابات 1923

 حكومات ماكدونالد

 حكومة العمال الأولى: يناير–نوفمبر 1924

• Ramsay MacDonald: Prime Minister, Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Haldane: Lord Chancellor and joint Leader of the House of Lords
• Lord Parmoor: Lord President of the Council and joint Leader of the House of Lords
• John Robert Clynes: Lord Privy Seal and Deputy Leader of the House of Commons
• Philip Snowden: Chancellor of the Exchequer
• Arthur Henderson: Home Secretary
• James Henry Thomas: Secretary of State for the Colonies
• Stephen Walsh: Secretary of State for War
• Sir Sydney Olivier: Secretary of State for India
• William Adamson: Secretary for Scotland
• Lord Thomson: Secretary for Air
• Lord Chelmsford: First Lord of the Admiralty
• Josiah Wedgwood: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
• Sidney Webb: President of the Board of Trade
• Noel Buxton: Minister of Agriculture
• Charles Philips Trevelyan: رئيس مجلس التعليم
• Vernon Hartshorn: Postmaster-General
• Frederick William Jowett: First Commissioner of Works
• Thomas Shaw: Minister of Labour
• John Wheatley: Minister of Health

 حكومة العمال الثانية: June 1929 – August 1931

• Ramsay MacDonald: Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Sankey: Lord Chancellor
• Lord Parmoor: Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Lords
• J. H. Thomas: Lord Privy Seal
• Philip Snowden: Chancellor of the Exchequer
• J. R. Clynes: Home Secretary
• Arthur Henderson: Foreign Secretary
• Lord Passfield: Secretary of State for the Colonies and Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
• Thomas Shaw- Secretary of State for War
• William Wedgwood Benn: Secretary of State for India
• Lord Thomson: Secretary of State for Air
• William Adamson: Secretary of State for Scotland
• A. V. Alexander: First Lord of the Admiralty
• William Graham: President of the Board of Trade
• Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan: President of the Board of Education
• Noel Buxton: Minister of Agriculture
• Margaret Bondfield: Minister of Labour
• Arthur Greenwood: Minister of Health
• George Lansbury: First Commissioner of Works

 التغييرات

• June 1930: J.H. Thomas succeeds Lord Passfield as Dominions Secretary. Passfield remains Colonial Secretary. Vernon Hartshorn succeeds Thomas as Lord Privy Seal. Christopher Addison succeeds Noel Buxton as Minister of Agriculture
• October 1930: Lord Amulree succeeds Lord Thomson as Secretary of State for Air
• March 1931: H.B. Lees-Smith succeeds Sir C.P. Trevelyan at the Board of Education. Herbert Morrison enters the cabinet as Minister of Transport. Thomas Johnston succeeds Hartshorn as Lord Privy Seal

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 الحكومة الوطنية الأولى: August–November 1931

• Ramsay MacDonald: Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Sankey: Lord Chancellor*
• ستانلي بالدوين: Lord President**
• Philip Snowden: Chancellor of the Exchequer*
• Sir Herbert Samuel: Home Secretary***
• Lord Reading: Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Lords***
• Sir Samuel Hoare: Secretary for India**
• J.H. Thomas: Dominions Secretary and Colonial Secretary*
• Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister: President of the Board of Trade**
• Neville Chamberlain: Minister of Health**

 الحكومة الوطنية الثانية: November 1931 – May 1935

• Ramsay MacDonald: Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Sankey: Lord Chancellor*
• ستانلي بالدوين: Lord President**
• Lord Snowden: Lord Privy Seal*
• Neville Chamberlain: Chancellor of the Exchequer**
• Sir Herbert Samuel: Home Secretary***
• Sir John Simon: Foreign Secretary****
• Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister: Colonial Secretary**
• J.H. Thomas: Dominions Secretary*
• Lord Hailsham: Secretary of State for War and Leader of the House of Lords**
• Sir Samuel Hoare: Secretary of State for India**
• Lord Londonderry: Secretary for Air**
• Sir Archibald Sinclair: Secretary of State for Scotland***
• Sir B. Eyres-Monsell: First Lord of the Admiralty**
• Walter Runciman: President of the Board of Trade****
• Sir John Gilmour: Minister of Agriculture**
• Sir Donald Maclean: President of the Board of Education***
• Sir Henry Betterton: Minister of Labour**
• Sir E. Hilton-Young: Minister of Health**
• William Ormsby-Gore: First Commissioner of Works**

 التغييرات

• June 1932: Lord Irwin** succeeds Sir Donald Maclean (deceased) as President of the Board of Education
• September 1932: Stanley Baldwin succeeds Lord Snowden as Lord Privy Seal, remaining also Lord President. Sir John Gilmour succeeds Sir Herbert Samuel as Home Secretary. Sir Godfrey Collins**** succeeds Sir Archibald Sinclair as Scottish Secretary. Walter Elliot** succeeds Sir John Gilmour as Minister of Agriculture.
• December 1933: Stanley Baldwin ceases to be Lord Privy Seal, and his successor in that office is not in the cabinet. He continues as Lord President. Kingsley Wood** enters the cabinet as Postmaster-General
• June 1934: Oliver Stanley** succeeds Sir H. Betterton as Minister of Labour

 مفتاح

• * = Member of National Labour
• ** = Member of the Conservative Party
• *** = Member of the Liberal Party
• **** = Member of the Liberal National Party

 للاستزادة

• Elton, Godfrey The Life of James Ramsay MacDonald 1939; to 1919
• Hinks, John Ramsay MacDonald: the Leicester years (1906–1918), Leicester, 1996
• Howell, David MacDonald's Party. Labour Identities and Crisis, 1922–1931, Oxford: OUP 2002; ISBN 0-19-820304-7
• Marquand, David Ramsay MacDonald, (London: Jonathan Cape 1977); ISBN 0-224-01295-9; the standard scholarly biography; favourable
• Marquand, David. "MacDonald, (James) Ramsay (1866–1937)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 accessed 9 Sept 2012; doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34704
• Morgan, Austen: J. Ramsay MacDonald, 1987; ISBN 0-7190-2168-5
• Morgan, Kevin. Ramsay Macdonald (2006)excerpt and text search
• Mowat, C. L. "Ramsay MacDonald and the Labour Party," in Essays in Labour History 1886–1923, edited by Asa Briggs, and john Saville, (1971)
• Mowat, Charles Loch. (1955). Britain Between the Wars, 1918–1940 Taylor & Francis.
• Owen, Nicholas. "MacDonald's Parties: The Labour Party and the ‘Aristocratic Embrace’ 1922–31," Twentieth Century British History (2007) 18#1 pp 1–53.
• Phillips, Gordon: The Rise of the Labour Party 1893–1931, London: Routledge 1992
• Rosen, Greg (ed.) Dictionary of Labour Biography, London: Politicos Publishing 2001; ISBN 978-1-902301-18-1
• Rosen, Greg (ed.) Old Labour to New. The Dreams That Inspired, the Battles That Divided, London: Politicos Publishing 2005; ISBN 978-1-84275-045-2
• Sacks, Benjamin. J. Ramsay MacDonald in Thought and Action (University of New Mexico Press, 1952), favourable biography by American scholar
• Shepherd, John. "The Lad from Lossiemouth," History Today (Nov 2007) 57#11 pp 31–33, historiography
• Skidelsky, Robert. Politicians and the Slump: The Labour Government of 1929–1931 (1967).
• Taylor, A.J.P. English History: 1914–1945 (1965)
• Thorpe, Andrew Britain in the 1930s. The Deceptive Decade, Oxford: Blackwell 1992; ISBN 0-631-17411-7
• Williamson, Philip : National Crisis and National Government. British Politics, the Economy and the Empire, 1926–1932, Cambridge: CUP 1992; ISBN 0-521-36137-0
• Wrigley, Chris. "James Ramsay MacDonald 1922–1931," in Leading Labour: From Keir Hardie to Tony Blair, edited by Kevin Jefferys, (1999)

 المصادر الرئيسية

• Barker, Bernard (ed.) Ramsay MacDonald's Political Writings, Allen Lane, London 1972
• Cox, Jane A Singular Marriage: A Labour Love Story in Letters and Diaries (of Ramsay and Margaret MacDonald), London: Harrap 1988; ISBN 978-0-245-54676-1
• MacDonald, Ramsay The Socialist Movement (1911) online
• MacDonald, Ramsay Labour and Peace, Labour Party 1912
• MacDonald, Ramsay Parliament and Revolution, Labour Party 1919
• MacDonald, Ramsay Foreign Policy of the Labour Party, Labour Party 1923
• MacDonald, Ramsay Margaret Ethel MacDonald, 1924

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 وصلات خارجية

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Ramsay MacDonald
• A left-wing criticism of Macdonald's career Socialist Review
• More about Ramsay MacDonald Prime Minister's Office
• Ramsay MacDonald Papers, 1893–1937
• Biographical website dedicated to Harriet Cohen MacDonald was a close friend of hers
• پورتريهات Ramsay MacDonald في معرض الپورتريه الوطني، لندن
• Archival material relating to رامزى ماكدونالد listed at the UK National Register of Archives

مناصب سياسية
سبقه H. H. Asquith	Leader of the Opposition 1922–1924	تبعه Stanley Baldwin
سبقه ستانلي بالدوين	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 22 January 1924 – 4 November 1924
	Leader of the House of Commons 1924
سبقه The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston	Foreign Secretary 1924	تبعه Sir Austen Chamberlain
سبقه Stanley Baldwin	Leader of the Opposition 1924–1929	تبعه Stanley Baldwin
	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 5 June 1929 – 7 June 1935
	Leader of the House of Commons 1929–1935
	Lord President of the Council 1935–1937	تبعه The Viscount Halifax
پرلمان المملكة المتحدة
سبقه Sir John Rolleston Henry Broadhurst	Member of Parliament for Leicester 1906–1918 مع: Henry Broadhurst, to March 1906 Franklin Thomasson, 1906–1910 Eliot Crawshay-Williams, 1910–1913 Sir Gordon Hewart, 1913–1918	Constituency abolished
سبقه John Edwards	Member of Parliament for Aberavon 1922–1929	تبعه William Cove
سبقه Sidney Webb	Member of Parliament for Seaham 1929–1935	تبعه Emanuel Shinwell
سبقه Noel Skelton	Member of Parliament for the Combined Scottish Universities 1936–1937	تبعه Sir John Anderson
مناصب حزبية
حزب جديد	Labour Party Secretary 1900–1912	تبعه Arthur Henderson
سبقه Philip Snowden	Chairman of the Independent Labour Party 1906–1909	تبعه Frederick William Jowett
سبقه George Nicoll Barnes	Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party 1911–1914	تبعه Arthur Henderson
سبقه Arthur Henderson	Treasurer of the Labour Party 1912–1929	تبعه Arthur Henderson
سبقه J. R. Clynes	Leader of the British Labour Party 1922–1931	تبعه Arthur Henderson
سبقه Sidney Webb	Chair of the Labour Party 1923–1924	تبعه Charlie Cramp
حزب جديد	Leader of National Labour 1931–1937	تبعه Malcolm MacDonald
جوائز وانجازات
سبقه John J. Pershing	Cover of Time Magazine 18 August 1924	تبعه Edith Cummings