المفوضية الأوروپية

Coordinates: 50°50′37″N 4°22′58″E / 50.84361°N 4.38278°E / 50.84361; 4.38278
(تم التحويل من المفوضية الأوروبية)
European Commission.svg
النوعمؤسسة تابعة للاتحاد الأوروپي
الدورالفرع التنفيذي
تأسست16 يناير 1958; منذ 66 سنة (1958-01-16
التشكيل
التشكيل الحاليمفوضية يونكيه
الرئيسجان-كلود يونكيه
نائب أول
الرئيس
Frans Timmermans
نواب الرئيس
إجمالي الأعضاء28
الادارة
لغات
العمل
  • الإنگليزية
  • الفرنسية
  • الألمانية
الطاقم32.000 [1]
الإدارات24
الموقع
الموقع الإلكتروني
ec.europa.eu


المفوضية الأوروپية، هي الذراع التنفيذي للاتحاد الأوروپي. المفوضية مسؤولة عن اقتراح القوانين والتشريعات وتطبيق القرارات والمعاهدات الصادرة عن الاتحاد، فضلاً عن الإدارة اليومية لشؤون الاتحاد.

يدير المفوضية 27 عضو مفوض أتى كل منهم من إحدى الدول السبع والعشرين المكونة للاتحاد. ويقوم هؤلاء الأعضاء المفوضون بتمثيل مصالح الاتحاد الأوروپي ككل وليس مصالح دولهم التي جاؤوا منها. يقع مقر المفوضية في بروكسل.

أحد الأعضاء السبعة والعشرين هو أيضاً رئيس المفوضية والذي يتم تعيينه من قبل المجلس الأوروپي بموافقة البرلمان الأوروپي. الرئيس الحالي للمفوضية هو البرتغالي خوزيه مانويل باروزو. رئاسة باروزو للمفوضية الأوروپية هي للفترة من 22 نوفمبر 2004 وحتى 31 أكتوبر 2009.

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التاريخ


التأسيس

Signed
In force
Document
1951
1952
Paris Treaty
1957
1958
Rome treaties
1965
1967
Merger Treaty
2007
2009
Lisbon Treaty
       
  Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community Commission of the European Communities European Commission   
High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community
  Commission of the European Economic Community
     

The first Commission originated in 1951 as the nine-member "High Authority" under President Jean Monnet (see Monnet Authority). The High Authority was the supranational administrative executive of the new European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). It took office first on 10 August 1952 in Luxembourg City. In 1958, the Treaties of Rome had established two new communities alongside the ECSC: the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). However, their executives were called "Commissions" rather than "High Authorities".[2] The reason for the change in name was the new relationship between the executives and the Council. Some states, such as France, expressed reservations over the power of the High Authority and wished to limit it by giving more power to the Council rather than the new executives.[3]

Walter Hallstein، أول رؤساء المفوضية.

Louis Armand led the first Commission of Euratom. Walter Hallstein led the first Commission of the EEC, holding the first formal meeting on 16 January 1958 at the Château of Val-Duchesse. It achieved agreement on a contentious cereal price accord, as well as making a positive impression upon third countries when it made its international debut at the Kennedy Round of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations.[4] Hallstein notably began the consolidation of European law and started to have a notable impact on national legislation. Little heed was taken of his administration at first but, with help from the European Court of Justice, his Commission stamped its authority solidly enough to allow future Commissions to be taken more seriously.[5] In 1965, however, accumulating differences between the French government of Charles de Gaulle and the other member states on various subjects (British entry, direct elections to Parliament, the Fouchet Plan and the budget) triggered the "empty chair" crisis, ostensibly over proposals for the Common Agricultural Policy. Although the institutional crisis was solved the following year, it cost Étienne Hirsch his presidency of Euratom and later Walter Hallstein the EEC presidency, despite his otherwise being viewed as the most 'dynamic' leader until Jacques Delors.[4]


التطور المبكر

الاتحاد الاوروپي
علم الاتحاد الاوروپي

هذه المقالة جزء من سلسلة مقالات عن:
سياسة وحكومة
الاتحاد الاوروپي

The three bodies, collectively named the European Executives, co-existed until 1 July 1967 when, under the Merger Treaty, they were combined into a single administration under President Jean Rey.[2] Owing to the merger, the Rey Commission saw a temporary increase to 14 members—although subsequent Commissions were reduced back to nine, following the formula of one member for small states and two for larger states.[6] The Rey Commission completed the Community's customs union in 1968 and campaigned for a more powerful, elected, European Parliament.[7] Despite Rey being the first President of the combined communities, Hallstein is seen as the first President of the modern Commission.[2]

The Malfatti and Mansholt Commissions followed with work on monetary co-operation and the first enlargement to the north in 1973.[8][9] With that enlargement, the College of Commissioners membership increased to thirteen under the Ortoli Commission (the United Kingdom as a large member was granted two Commissioners), which dealt with the enlarged community during economic and international instability at that time.[6][10] The external representation of the Community took a step forward when President Roy Jenkins, recruited to the presidency in January 1977 from his role as Home Secretary of the United Kingdom's Labour government,[11] became the first President to attend a G8 summit on behalf of the Community.[12] Following the Jenkins Commission, Gaston Thorn's Commission oversaw the Community's enlargement to the south, in addition to beginning work on the Single European Act.[13]


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جاك ديلور

الرئيس ديلور، من أشهر الرؤساء في تاريخ المفوضية.


جاك سانتيه


رومانو پرودي

خوسيه مانويل باروسو


جان-كلود يونكيه

السلطات والمهام

رئيس المفوضية جان-كلود يونكيه.


السلطة التنفيذية

المبادرة التشريعية

الإنفاذ

الأعضاء

التعيين

الطابق 13 من مبنى برلايمون، غرفة اجتماع المفوضية.


الإقالة

الأساليب السياسية

الإدارة

السياسية القبرصية أندرولا ڤاسيليو كانت المفوضة الأوروپية للتعليم، الثقافة، التتغدية اللغوية والشباب بين 2010 و2014.



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الإعلام

غرفة الإعلام في برليامون.


الشرعية

المبادرات

مكافحة الإرهاب

الموقع

انظر أيضاً

هناك كتاب ، الاتحاد الأوروپي، في معرفة الكتب.


المصادر

  1. ^ "EC.europa.eu".
  2. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة ENA commission history
  3. ^ "Council of the European Union". CVCE. 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  4. ^ أ ب Ludlow, N (2006). "De-commissioning the Empty Chair Crisis: the Community institutions and the crisis of 1965–6" (PDF). London School of Economics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 24 September 2007.
  5. ^ Eppink, Derk-Jan (2007). Life of a European Mandarin: Inside the Commission. Translated by Ian Connerty (1st ed.). Tielt, Belgium: Lannoo. pp. 221–2. ISBN 978-90-209-7022-7.
  6. ^ أ ب "Composition". CVCE. 31 August 2016. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  7. ^ "Discover the former Presidents: The Rey Commission". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2007.
  8. ^ "Discover the former Presidents: The Mansholt Commission". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2007.
  9. ^ "Discover the former Presidents: The Malfatti Commission". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2007.
  10. ^ "Discover the former Presidents: The Ortoli Commission". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2007.
  11. ^ "1977: Jenkins quits Commons for Brussels". BBC News. 3 January 1977. Archived from the original on 10 January 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  12. ^ "EU and the G8". European Commission. Archived from the original on 26 February 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
  13. ^ "Discover the former Presidents: The Thorn Commission". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2007.

وصلات خارجية

  • European Commission European Commission welcome page – Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  • Documents of the European Commission are consultable at the Historical Archives of the EU in Florence.
  • European Commissions on CVCE website – Multimedia website with historical information on the European integration Studies. No such material is found on the page. This page contains a legal Notice and warning about copyrighted material. Last Access 18 April 2013.
  • Statue of Europe. Retrieved 10 October 2012.


50°50′37″N 4°22′58″E / 50.84361°N 4.38278°E / 50.84361; 4.38278

الكلمات الدالة: