ڤالانس (مدينة)

Coordinates: 44°56′00″N 4°53′30″E / 44.9333°N 4.8917°E / 44.9333; 4.8917
(تم التحويل من Valence (city))
Valence
Valença (أوكسيتان)
Prefecture and commune
View of the city of Valence
View of the city of Valence
درع Valence
Coat of arms
Location of Valence
Valence is located in فرنسا
Valence
Valence
Valence is located in أوڤرن-رون-ألپ
Valence
Valence
الإحداثيات: 44°56′00″N 4°53′30″E / 44.9333°N 4.8917°E / 44.9333; 4.8917
البلدفرنسا
المنطقةأوڤرن-رون-ألپ
الإقليمDrôme
الدائرةValence
الكانتونValence-1, 2, 3 and 4
بين‌التجمعاتValence-Romans Sud Rhône-Alpes
الحكومة
 • العمدة (2020-2026) Nicolas Daragon
المساحة
1
36٫69 كم² (14٫17 ميل²)
التعداد
 (يناير 2019)
64٬749
 • الكثافة1٬800/km2 (4٬600/sq mi)
صفة المواطنValentinois
منطقة التوقيتUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/الرمز البريدي
26362 /26000
المنسوب106–191 m (348–627 ft)
(avg. 123 m or 404 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Valence (الأمريكي /vəˈlɑ̃s,_væˈlɑ̃s/,[1][2] بالفرنسية: [valɑ̃s]  (Speaker Icon.svg استمع); أوكسيتان: Valença [vaˈlensɔ]) is a commune in southeastern France, the capital of the Drôme department and within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhône, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Lyon, along the railway line that runs from Paris to Marseille.

It is the 5th largest city in the region by its population, with 63,714 registered inhabitants in 2017 (131,695 inhabitants in the urban area (unité urbaine).[3] The city of Valence is divided into four cantons. Its inhabitants are called Valentinois.[4]

Located in the heart of the Rhone corridor (fr), Valence is often referred to as "the door to the South of France", the local saying à Valence le Midi commence ("at Valence the Midi begins") pays tribute to the city's southern culture. Between Vercors and Provence, its geographical location attracts many tourists. Axes of transport and communications are the A7 and A49 autoroutes, the RN7, Paris/Marseille TGV line, as well as the Rhône. In addition, the Valence agglomeration is equipped with a marina (fr), a trading port (fr), two railway stations (Valence-Ville and Valence-TGV) and an airport. Its business is essentially turned towards the sectors of agriculture, metallurgy, engineering and electronics.[5]

The commune, founded in 121 BC, after the invasion of Gallia Narbonensis by the Romans, it moved quickly to become the largest crossroad behind Lyon.[6] With its growing importance, Valence gained the status of Roman colony. Over the centuries, the town grew and grew. Today, many vestiges of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, but also from the 17th century, 18th century and 19th century are visible in the city centre. The city is historically attached to the Dauphiné, of which it forms the second largest city after Grenoble and is today part of the network of French Towns and Lands of Art and History. Formerly the duchy of Valentinois, it was ruled by the Duke of Valentinois, a title which is still claimed by the Sovereign Prince of Monaco, though he has no actual administrative control over the area.

Monuments in Valence include the Maison des Têtes (fr), built between 1528 and 1532 by Antoine de Dorne, the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral, built between 1063 and 1099 under the leadership of Bishop Gontard and also the monumental fountain (fr) designed by the architect Eugène Poitoux. The city has many historical monuments (fr), most of which are in Vieux Valence (fr). Inscribed on the list of flowery towns and villages of France, Valence is one of the seventeen municipalities of the Rhône-Alpes region to be labeled "four flowers" by the Concours des villes et villages fleuris, i.e. the maximum level.

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Geography

Location

المقالة الرئيسية: [[:Vallée du Rhône (France) (fr)]] and Valentinois
Valence and the communes of its agglomeration


Neighbouring Communes

Relief and geology

View of the ruined Château de Crussol, in Ardèche, seen from the esplanade of the Champ de Mars (fr).

Climate

Temperature and rainfall curves of Valence in 1990
Climate data for Valence, Drôme (Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence) 1981–2010 averages, extremes 1965–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6) 		20.6
(69.1) 		26.0
(78.8) 		29.7
(85.5) 		32.6
(90.7) 		37.3
(99.1) 		38.0
(100.4) 		40.5
(104.9) 		34.4
(93.9) 		28.2
(82.8) 		26.2
(79.2) 		20.3
(68.5) 		40.5
(104.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4) 		8.9
(48.0) 		13.3
(55.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		21.2
(70.2) 		25.1
(77.2) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.8
(82.0) 		23.1
(73.6) 		17.8
(64.0) 		11.2
(52.2) 		7.4
(45.3) 		17.4
(63.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.9
(39.0) 		5.2
(41.4) 		8.7
(47.7) 		11.6
(52.9) 		15.9
(60.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		22.2
(72.0) 		21.6
(70.9) 		17.7
(63.9) 		13.5
(56.3) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.6
(40.3) 		12.7
(54.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.8
(33.4) 		1.5
(34.7) 		4.0
(39.2) 		6.5
(43.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.4
(59.7) 		12.3
(54.1) 		9.3
(48.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		1.9
(35.4) 		8.1
(46.6)
Record low °C (°F) −20.6
(−5.1) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		0.8
(33.4) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.5
(47.3) 		6.4
(43.5) 		2.4
(36.3) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−20.6
(−5.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 52.0
(2.05) 		42.4
(1.67) 		51.6
(2.03) 		83.3
(3.28) 		88.7
(3.49) 		58.5
(2.30) 		51.1
(2.01) 		65.3
(2.57) 		110.4
(4.35) 		115.4
(4.54) 		90.4
(3.56) 		58.7
(2.31) 		867.8
(34.17)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.6 7.0 7.4 8.9 9.6 6.6 5.3 6.1 6.7 8.9 8.1 8.1 90.4
Source: Meteo France[7]


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History

The demonym corresponding to Valence is Valentinois, but "Valentinois" also designates a geographical area, and one of the old provinces of France, with its capital Valence having been part of the province of Dauphiné.

The Maison des Têtes (fr) and the Grande Rue (1830).

Toponymy

The conquest of Gaul by Julius Caesar made the Rhône corridor a major north-south communication axis, linking with the new Roman possessions around the Mediterranean Sea. Many settlements were founded, including Valentia, a Latin name meaning La Vaillante [brave], La Vigoureuse [strong], in the territory of the Segovellaunes (fr).

The town named Valença in Occitan, Valènço in literary Provençal and Valinço in local Provençal.

Heraldry

Arms of Valence

The arms of Valence are blazoned :
"Gules on a Cross argent a Tower azure."

Motto: Unguibus et Rostro ( With claws and beak).




Antiquity

At the end of prehistory

Territory of the Allobroges.


العلاقات الدولية

class=notpageimage|
خريطة لأوروپا تظهر فيها ڤالانس والبلدات التوأم معها.

The committee of twinning of Valence is the association responsible for the promotion, coordination and organisation of exchanges between Valence and its twin cities, with the support of the city of Valence.

Several cities are twinned or partners of Valence:[8]

ڤالانس متوأمة مع:

Valence is a partner city with:


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الثقافة المحلية والتراث

Vieux Valence

The Pendentif (fr) and the bell tower of the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral.
The side of Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral from the Place des Clercs (fr).
Maison des Têtes (fr), detail of the façade.
The monumental fountain (fr).
The Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste (fr).
المقالة الرئيسية: fr:Vieux Valence


  • Statue of Championnet on the Champ de Mars (fr)

    Statue of Championnet on the Champ de Mars (fr)

  • A "côte" of Valence, on leaving the place de la Pierre (Basse ville)

    A "côte" of Valence, on leaving the place de la Pierre (Basse ville)

  • The côte Saint-Martin. In the distance, the ruins of the Château de Crussol (Ardèche)

    The côte Saint-Martin. In the distance, the ruins of the Château de Crussol (Ardèche)

  • Stairs of the côte Saint-Martin

    Stairs of the côte Saint-Martin

  • The côte Sylvante

    The côte Sylvante

  • The Sylvante gate

    The Sylvante gate

  • The top of the côte Sylvante.

    The top of the côte Sylvante.

  • Côte Saint-Estève under the cathedral

    Côte Saint-Estève under the cathedral

Gallery

See also

Bibliography

  • Blanc, André (1973). Valence [Valence] (in الفرنسية). Colmar-Ingersheim: Éditions SAEP.
  • Blanc, André (1975). Valence à travers les hommes [Valence through the men] (in الفرنسية). Valence: Éditions SOREPI.
  • Bornecque, Robert. Histoire de Valence et de sa région: Die – Crest [History of Valence and its region: Die – Crest] (in الفرنسية). Roanne: Éditions Horvath.
  • Ravit, Philippe (2007). Le paysage valentinois, de la fondation de la colonie de Valentia (Valence) au 3e siecle ap J.-C [The city landscape, of the Foundation of the colony of Valentia (Valence) in the 3rd century AD] (in الفرنسية). Lyon 3.
  • Collective (1991). Valence [Valence] (in الفرنسية). Ville de Valence et Office du tourisme.
  • Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2004). Le Parc Jouvet au cœur de Valence [The Jouvet Park in the heart of Valence] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
  • Collective (2009). Valence, visages d'une ville [Valence faces of a city] (in الفرنسية). Altal éditions.
  • Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2010). Le Champ de Mars terrasse de Valence [The Champ de Mars terrace of Valence] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
  • Collective (2011). Il était une fois Châteauvert… [Once upon a time... Châteauvert] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
  • Balsan, Alain (2012). Valence 2000 ans d'histoire [Valence 2000 years of history] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.
  • Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2013). La Sculpture-château d'eau de Philolaos à Valence [Sculpture-water tower of Philolaus in Valence] (in الفرنسية). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.

Notes

References

  1. ^ قالب:Cite American Heritage Dictionary
  2. ^ قالب:Cite Merriam-Webster
  3. ^ "Insee – Comparateur de territoire: Commune de Valence (26362), Unité urbaine de Valence (00651)".
  4. ^ David Malescourt. "Nom des habitants des communes françaises". le site habitants.fr de la société commerciale Patagos.
  5. ^ "L'Express : Quand Valence rime avec croissance".
  6. ^ "Musée de Valence : histoire".
  7. ^ "St–Marcel–Les–V–Inra (26)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ "villes jumelées à Valence".

Bibliography

External links

قالب:Drôme communes

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