قائمة الحروف الكيريلية
هذه المقالة تحتوي على حروف خاصة. بدون دعم العرض المناصب، فقد ترى علامات استفهام، مربعات، أو رموز أخرى. |
This is a list of letters of the Cyrillic script. The definition of a Cyrillic letter for this list is a character encoded in the Unicode standard that a has script property of 'Cyrillic' and the general category of 'Letter'. An overview of the distribution of Cyrillic letters in Unicode is given in Cyrillic script in Unicode.
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Letters contained in the Russian alphabet
Letters contained in the Russian alphabet.
Аа | Бб | Вв | Гг | Дд | Ее | Ëë | Жж | Зз | Ии |
Йй | Кк | Лл | Мм | Нн | Оо | Пп | Рр | Сс | Тт |
Уу | Фф | Хх | Цц | Чч | Шш | Щщ | Ъъ | Ыы | Ьь |
Ээ | Юю | Яя |
Letters unused in Russian alphabet
Extensions
Letter | Name | Notes |
---|---|---|
Ә ә | Schwa | Abkhaz, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Dungan, Kazakh, Kurdish, Tatar, Turkmen, Wakhi |
Ԝ ԝ | We | Kurdish, Yaghnobi language, Tundra Yukaghir language |
Ԁ ԁ | Komi De | Komi (1919—1940) |
Ђ ђ | Dje | Montenegrin, Serbian |
Ԃ ԃ | Komi Dje | Komi (1919—1940) |
Ꚁ ꚁ | Dwe | Abkhaz (1909—1926, replaced by Дә)[1] |
Э э | E | Belarusian, Russian |
Є є | Ukrainian Ye | Ukrainian, Khanty |
Ԑ ԑ | Reversed Ze | Enets, Khanty[2] |
Ѕ ѕ | Dze | Macedonian |
Ꙅ ꙅ | Reversed Dze | Old Church Slavonic,[3] Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian as variant of Ѕ |
Ꙃ ꙃ | Dzelo | Early Cyrillic alphabet (as variant of, and replaced by Ѕ)[3] |
Ӡ ӡ | Abkhazian Dze | Abkhaz, Uilta |
Ꚃ ꚃ | Dzwe | Abkhaz (1909—1926, replaced by Ӡә)[1] |
Ꙁ ꙁ | Zemlya | Early Cyrillic alphabet (as variant of, and replaced by З)[3] |
Ԅ ԅ | Komi Zje | Komi (1919—1940) |
Ԇ ԇ | Komi Dzje | Komi (1919—1940) |
І і | Dotted I | Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian (to 1918), Kazakh, Komi, Rusyn |
Ꙇ ꙇ | Iota | Glagolitic (Cyrillic transcription)[3] |
Ј ј | Je | Serbian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Kildin Sami, Azerbaijani (to 1991), Udmurt (to 1897), Orok |
Ꙉ ꙉ | Djerv | Church Slavonic (Replaced by Ћ and Ђ)[3] |
Ԉ ԉ | Komi Lje | Komi (1919—1940) |
Ԛ ԛ | Qa | Old Abkhaz, Kurdish[1] |
ᴫ | Small capital El | Uralic Phonetic Alphabet[4] |
ᵸ | Superscript En | Bezhta, Hunzib, Godoberi |
Ԋ ԋ | Komi Nje | Komi (1919—1940) |
Ө ө | Barred O (Oe) | Bashkir, Buryat, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Khanty, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Tuvan, Mongolian, Yakut, Azerbaijani (to 1991) |
Ꚛ ꚛ | Crossed O | Old Church Slavonic[5] |
Ꙩ ꙩ | Monocular O | Early Cyrillic 14th - 15th Centuries[1] |
Ꙫ ꙫ | Binocular O | Early Cyrillic (Exotic)[1] |
ꙮ | Multiocular O | Early Cyrillic (Ex: серафими многоꙮчитїи).[1] Appearance changed in Unicode 15.0.[6] |
Ѻ ѻ | Broad On | Early Cyrillic (Variant of regular O) |
Ҁ ҁ | Koppa | Old Church Slavonic, numerical usage only (Replaced by Ч) |
Ԍ ԍ | Komi Sje | Komi (1919—1940) |
Ԏ ԏ | Komi Tje | Komi (1919—1940) |
Ꚍ ꚍ | Twe | Abkhaz (replaced by Тә)[1] |
Ћ ћ | Tshe | Serbian |
Ү ү | Straight U (Ue) | Kazakh, Mongolian, Karakalpak, Tatar, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Dungan |
Һ һ | Ha/He | Kazakh, Bashkir, Siberian Tatar, Sakha, Kalmyk |
Ꚕ ꚕ | Hwe | Abkhaz (replaced by Ҳә)[1] |
Ѡ ѡ | Omega | Early Cyrillic |
Ꙍ ꙍ | Broad Omega | Slavic languages (Historic)[3] |
Ꙡ ꙡ | Reversed Tse | Old Novgorodian birchbark |
Ꚏ ꚏ | Tswe | Abkhaz (replaced by Цә)[1] |
Ҽ ҽ | Abkhazian Che | Abkhaz |
Џ џ | Dzhe | Serbian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Abkhazian, Romanian Cyrillic |
Ꚗ ꚗ | Shwe | Abkhaz (replaced by Шә)[1] |
Ꙏ ꙏ | Neutral Yer | Late Medieval Russian transcription (when yers are indistinguishable from each other) |
Ѣ ѣ | Yat | Early Cyrillic, Proto-Slavic, Russian (until 1918), Bulgarian (until 1945), Ukrainian (until 1945), Rusyn (until 1945, recurring in 1991) |
Ҩ ҩ | Abkhazian Ha | Abkhaz |
Ꙕ ꙕ | Reversed Yu | Early East Slavic, Early Bulgarian[3] |
Ӏ ӏ | Palochka | Abaza, Adyghe, Avar, Chechen, Dargwa, Ingush, Kabardian, Lak, Lezgian, Tabassaran |
Ѧ ѧ | Little Yus | Common Slavonic nasal vowel, Early Cyrillic |
Ꙙ ꙙ | Closed Little Yus | Common Slavonic nasal vowel, Early Cyrillic,[3] Middle Bulgarian[3] as variant of little yus |
Ѫ ѫ | Big Yus | Common Slavonic nasal vowel, Early Cyrillic |
Ꙛ ꙛ | Blended Yus | Middle Bulgarian[3] |
Ѯ ѯ | Ksi | Early Cyrillic, Church Slavonic, Romanized: Ks or X |
Ѱ ѱ | Psi | Early Cyrillic |
Ѳ ѳ | Fita | Early Cyrillic, cf. Greek: Θ θ |
Ѵ ѵ | Izhitsa | Udmurt (to 1897), Abkhaz (to 1926), Russian (until 1918 in a few rare Greek words), Serbian (until the 19th century), Church Slavonic |
Ꙟ ꙟ | Yn | Romanian (Cyrillic)[3] |
Оу оу | Uk | Early Cyrillic alphabet |
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Letters with diacritics
Letter | Name | Notes |
---|---|---|
А̀ а̀ | A with grave | Bulgarian, Macedonian (not individual letter, used in Dialects) |
А̂ а̂ | A with circumflex | Bulgarian, Serbian (not individual letter, used in Dialects), Udege |
Ӑ ӑ | A with breve | Chuvash |
Ӓ ӓ | A with diaerisis | Hill Mari, Kildin Sami, Khanty, Serbian (not individual letter, used in Dialects) |
А̄ а̄ | A with macron | Kildin Sami, Khanty, Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects), Serbian (not individual letter, used in Dialects) |
А̃ а̃ | A with tilde | Khinalug |
А̊ а̊ | A with ring above | Selkup |
Ӓ̄ ӓ̄ | A with diaeresis and macron | Kildin Sami |
Ә́ ә́ | Schwa with acute | Tatar (not individual letter) |
Ӛ ӛ | Schwa with diaeresis | Khanty |
Ә̃ ә̃ | Schwa with tilde | Khinalug |
В̌ в̌ | Ve with caron | Shughni, Wakhi |
В҄ в҄ | Ve with Scribble | Church Slavonic |
Ґ ґ | Ghe with upturn | Ukrainian, Belarusian (i.e. Belarusian Classical Orthography), (not individual letter, formally), Rusyn |
Г̄ г̄ | Ghe with macron | Karelian (1820s) |
Г̌ г̌ | Ghe with caron | Shughni, Wakhi |
Г̑ г̑ | Ghe with inverted breve | Aleut |
Ғ ғ | Ghe with stroke | Kazakh, Uzbek, Bashkir, Tajik, Azerbaijani (to 1991) |
Ӻ ӻ | Ghe with stroke and hook | Nivkh[2] |
Ғ̌ ғ̌ | Ghe with stroke and caron | Shughni |
Г̣ г̣ | Ghe with dot below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
Ҕ ҕ | Ghe with middle hook | Abkhaz, Yakut |
Ӷ ӷ | Ghe with descender | Abkhaz, Aleut |
Г̧ г̧ | Ghe with cedilla | Karelian (1820's), Lezgian, Dargwa, Chechen (Uslar's orthographies) |
Г҄ г҄ | Ge with scribble | Church Slavonic |
Д̆ д̆ | De with breve | Aleut |
Д̣ д̣ | De with dot below | Cyrillization of Arabic, Wakhi |
Ѓ ѓ | Gje | Macedonian |
Ѐ ѐ | Ye with grave | Macedonian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Church Slavonic |
Ӗ ӗ | Ye with breve | Chuvash |
Ё̄ ё̄ | Yo with macron | Khanty |
Е̄ е̄ | Ye with macron | Khanty, Bulgarian, Serbian |
Е̃ е̃ | Ye with tilde | Khinalug |
Є̈ є̈ | Ukrainian Ye with diaeresis | Khanty |
Ӂ ӂ | Zhe with breve | Moldavian |
Ӝ ӝ | Zhe with diaeresis | Udmurt |
Җ җ | Zhe with descender | Dungan, Tatar, Turkmen |
З́ з́ | Zje | Montenegrin |
Ӟ ӟ | Ze with diaeresis | Udmurt |
Ҙ ҙ | Ze with descender | Bashkir, Wakhi |
З̌ з̌ | Ze with caron | Nganasan, Shughni |
З̱ з̠ | Ze with macron below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
З̣ з̣ | Ze with dot below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
Ԑ̈ ԑ̈ | Reversed Ze with diaeresis | Khanty |
Ѝ ѝ | I with grave | Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian |
Ҋ ҋ | Short I with tail | Kildin Sami |
Ӥ ӥ | I with diaeresis | Udmurt |
Ӣ ӣ | I with macron | Tajik, Bulgarian, Serbian |
И̃ и̃ | I with tilde | Khinalug, Godoberi |
Ї ї | Yi | Ukrainian, Rusyn, Church Slavonic (almost) |
Ї́ ї́ | Yi with acute | Ukrainian, Rusyn |
Ӄ ӄ | Ka with hook | Aleut, Khanty, Abkhaz (formally) |
Ҟ ҟ | Ka with stroke | Abkhaz |
Ҝ ҝ | Ka with vertical stroke | Azerbaijani |
К҄ к҄ | Ka with scribble | Church Slavonic |
Ԟ ԟ | Aleut Ka | Aleut[1] |
Қ қ | Ka with descender | Abkhaz, Kazakh, Khanty, Wakhi |
Ҡ ҡ | Bashkir Qa | Bashkir |
К̣ к̣ | Ka with dot below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
Ԓ ԓ | El with hook | Chukchi, Khanty, Itelmen[2] |
Ԡ ԡ | El with middle hook | Chuvash (1872)[1] |
Ԯ ԯ | El with descender | Khanty[1] |
Ӆ ӆ | El with tail | Kildin Sami |
Ӎ ӎ | Em with tail | Kildin Sami |
Ӈ ӈ | En with hook | Aleut, Kildin Sami, Khanty, Nenets |
Н҄ н҄ | En with scribble | Church Slavonic |
Ԣ ԣ | En with middle hook | Chuvash (1872),[1] Udmurt (to 1897) |
Ԩ ԩ | En with left hook | Orok[7] |
Ң ң | En with descender | Dungan, Kazakh, Tatar, Turkmen, Bashkir, Khakasian, Khanty, Uzbek, Kyrgyz |
Ӊ ӊ | En with tail | Kildin Sami |
О̀ о̀ | O with grave | Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian |
О̄ о̄ | O with macron | Carpatho-Rusyn |
Ӧ ӧ | O with diaeresis | Hill Mari, Meadow Mari, Khakas, Khanty, Udmurt |
О̆ о̆ | O with breve | Itelmen, Khanty |
О̂ о̂ | O with circumflex | Udege, Rusyn, Bulgarian |
О̃ о̃ | O with tilde | Khinalug |
Ӧ̄ ӧ̄ | O with diaeresis and macron | |
Ө́ ө́ | Barred O/Oe with acute | Bashkir (not individual letter) |
Ӫ ӫ | Barred O/Oe with diaeresis | Khanty |
Ө̄ ө̄ | Barred O/Oe with macron | Negidal, Orok, Selkup |
Ө̆ ө̆ | Barred O/Oe with breve | Khanty |
Ҧ ҧ | Pe with middle hook | Old orthographies for Abkhaz |
Ԥ ԥ | Pe with descender | Abkhaz[8] |
Р̌ р̌ | Er with caron | Nivkh, Polish (formerly) |
Ҏ ҏ | Er with tick | Kildin Sami |
С́ с́ | Sje | Montenegrin |
Ҫ ҫ | Es with descender (The) | Bashkir, Chuvash, Nganasan |
С̱ с̠ | Es with macron below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
С̣ с̣ | Es with dot below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
Ꚋ ꚋ | Te with middle hook | Abkhaz (1909—1926), Chuvash (1872)[1] |
Т̌ т̌ | Te with caron | Chuvash (1872), Shughni, Wakhi |
Ҭ ҭ | Te with descender | Abkhaz[8] |
Т̣ т̣ | Te with dot below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
Ќ ќ | Kje | Macedonian |
У̀ у̀ | U with grave | Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects) |
У́ у́ | U with acute | Russian, Karachay-Balkar (formerly) |
Ӳ ӳ | U with double acute | Chuvash |
Ў ў | Short U | Belarusian, Dungan, Khanty, Uzbek |
Ӱ ӱ | U with diaeresis | Hill Mari, Meadow Mari, Khakas, Khanty, Rusyn |
Ӯ ӯ | U with macron | Carpatho-Rusyn (not individual letter), Tajik |
У̃ у̃ | U with tilde | Khinalug |
Ӱ́ ӱ́ | U with diaeresis and acute | Rusyn |
Ұ ұ | Straight U/Ue with stroke (Kazakh Short U) | Kazakh |
Ү́ ү́ | Straight U/Ue with acute | Mongolian (not individual letter) |
Х̑ х̑ | Kha with inverted breve | Aleut |
Ӽ ӽ | Kha with hook | Aleut, Nivkh, Itelmen,[2] Khanty, Abkhaz (formerly) |
Х҄ х҄ | Kha with scribble | Church Slavonic |
Ӿ ӿ | Kha with stroke | Nivkh[2] |
Ҳ ҳ | Kha with descender | Abkhaz, Khanty, Tajik, Uzbek, Wakhi |
Х̱ х̠ | Kha with macron below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
Х̣ х̣ | Kha with dot below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
Х̮ х̮ | Kha with breve below | Cyrillization of Arabic |
Ѽ ѽ | Omega | Slavic languages (Historic)[3] |
Ԧ ԧ | Shha with descender | Azerbaijani Cyrillic (1939-1991)[9] |
Ӵ ӵ | Che with diaeresis | Udmurt |
Ҹ ҹ | Che with vertical stroke | Azerbaijani |
Ҷ ҷ | Che with descender | Abkhaz, Khanty, Tajik, Wakhi |
Ҷ̣ ҷ̣ | Che with descender and dot below | Wakhi |
Ӌ ӌ | Khakassian Che | Khakas |
Ҿ ҿ | Abkhazian Che with descender | Abkhaz |
Ш̆ ш̆ | Sha with breve | Abkhaz language (Old) |
Ъ̀ ъ̀ | Hard sign with grave | Bulgarian (not individual letter) |
Ꙑ ꙑ | Yery with back yer | Old Church Slavonic,[3] now Ы |
Ы̆ ы̆ | Yery with breve | Moksha (1923-1938), Mari (old) |
Ӹ ӹ | Yery with diaeresis | Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari |
Ы̄ ы̄ | Yery with macron | Aleut (Bering dialect),[10] Evenki, Mansi, Nanai, Negidal, Ulch, Selkup |
Ы̂ ы̂ | Yery with circumflex | Udege (formerly) |
Ы̃ ы̃ | Yery with tilde | Moksha (1890s) |
Ҍ ҍ | Semisoft Sign | Kildin Sami |
Э̄ э̄ | E with macron | Aleut (Bering dialect),[10] Evenki, Mansi, Nanai, Negidal, Orok, Ulch, Kildin Sami, Selkup, Chechen |
Ӭ ӭ | E with diaeresis | Kildin Sami |
Э̆ э̆ | E with breve | Tundra Nenets |
Ӭ́ ӭ́ | E with diaeresis and acute | Kildin Sami |
Ӭ̄ ӭ̄ | E with diaeresis and macron | Kildin Sami |
Э̇ э̇ | E with dot above | Tundra Nenets |
Ю̀ ю̀ | Yu with grave | Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects) |
Ю̆ ю̆ | Yu with breve | Khanty |
Ю̈ ю̈ | Yu with diaeresis | Selkup, Karelian (formerly) |
Ю̈́ ю̈́ | Yu with diaeresis and acute | Rusyn |
Ю̄ ю̄ | Yu with macron | Aleut (Bering dialect),[10] Evenki, Mansi, Nanai, Negidal, Orok, Ulch, Kildin Sami, Selkup, Chechen |
Ю̂ ю̂ | Yu with circumflex | Udege (formerly) |
Я̀ я̀ | Ya with grave | Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects) |
Я̆ я̆ | Ya with breve | Khanty |
Я̈ я̈ | Ya with diaeresis | Selkup |
Я̄ я̄ | Ya with macron | Kildin Sami, Udege (formerly) |
Я̂ я̂ | Ya with circumflex | Udege (formerly) |
Ѷ ѷ | Izhitsa with kendema | (New) Church Slavonic |
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Ligatures
Letter | Decomposition | Name | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Ӕ ӕ | АЕ | Æ | Ossetian |
Ꙣ ꙣ | ДГ[بحاجة لمصدر] | Soft De | Old Church Slavonic[1] |
Ԫ ԫ | ДЖ | Dzzhe | Komi |
Ꚅ ꚅ | ЗЖ | Zhwe | Abkhazian[1] |
Ꚉ ꚉ | ДЗ | Dzze | Abkhazian (replaced by Ӡ),[1] Komi |
Љ љ | ЛЬ | Lje | Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian |
Ꙥ ꙥ | ЛГ[بحاجة لمصدر] | Soft El | Old Church Slavonic[1] |
Ԕ ԕ | ЛХ | Lha | Early orthographies for Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha)[1] |
Ꙧ ꙧ | МГ[بحاجة لمصدر] | Soft Em | Old Church Slavonic[1] |
Ҥ ҥ | НГ | En Ghe/Soft En | Altay, Meadow Mari, Yakut, Old Church Slavonic |
Њ њ | НЬ | Nje | Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian |
Ꚙ ꚙ | ОО | Double O | Early Cyrillic[5] |
Ꙭ ꙭ | ꙨꙨ | Double Monocular O[1] | Early Cyrillic |
Ԗ ԗ | РХ | Rha | Early orthographies for Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha)[1] |
Ꙋ ꙋ | ОУ or ОѴ | Monograph Uk | Old Church Slavonic[3] |
Ѿ ѿ | ѠТ | Ot | Old Church Slavonic[1] |
Ҵ ҵ | ТЦ | Te Tse | Abkhasian |
Ꚑ ꚑ | ТС | Tsse | Abkhasian (to 1926),[1] Avar (1889) |
Ԭ ԭ | ДЧ | Dche | Komi (formerly) |
Ꚓ ꚓ | ТЧ | Tche | Abkhasian (1909—1926)[1] |
Ꚇ ꚇ | ЧЧ | Cche | Abkhasian (to 1926)[1] |
ЧШ | Che Sha | Udmurt (old) | |
Ꙓ ꙓ | ІѢ | Iotated Yat | Old Church Slavonic[3] |
Ꙗ ꙗ | ІА | Iotated A | Old Church Slavonic[3] |
Ԙ ԙ | ЯЕ | Yae | Early orthographies for Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha)[1] |
Ѥ ѥ | ІЄ | Iotated E | Old Church Slavonic |
Ѩ ѩ | ІѦ | Iotated Little Yus | Old Church Slavonic |
Ꙝ ꙝ | ІꙘ | Iotated Closed Little Yus | Old Church Slavonic, Middle Bulgarian[3] as variant of iotated little yus |
Ѭ ѭ | ІѪ | Iotated Big Yus | Old Church Slavonic |
Position Cyrillic letters in alphabet
Variants of Cyrillic are used by the writing systems of many languages, especially languages used in the countries with the significant presence of Slavic peoples. The tables below list the Cyrillic letters in use in various modern languages and show the primary sounds they represent in them (see the articles on the specific languages for more detail). Letter forms with a combined diacritic which are not considered separate letters in any language (notably vowels with accent marks which are sometimes used in some languages to indicate stress and/or tone) are excluded from the tables, with the exception of ѐ and ѝ[1]. The highlighted letters are those of the basic (original) Cyrillic alphabet; archaic letters no longer in use in any language today are not listed.
For letters not on this list, see Template:Infobox Cyrillic letter.
Language families | Slavic languages | Other Indo-European | Uralic | Caucasian | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alphabet | ru | be | uk | rue | sr[2] | bg | mk | mo | os | tg | sjd | mhr | mrj | udm | kca | yrk | ab | kbd | ce | ||
А а | /a/ | /ɑ/ | /a/ | /ɑ/ | /a/ | /ɑ/ | /aː/ | ||||||||||||||
Ӑ ӑ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ӓ ӓ | /ʲa/ | /æ/ | /ɐ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ә ә | /ɤ~ʌ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӛ ӛ | /ɘ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӕ ӕ | /ɐ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Б б | /b/ | /β, b/ | /b/ | ||||||||||||||||||
В в | /v/ | /ʋ~w/ | /v/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Г г | /ɡ/ | /ɣ/ | /ɦ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɣ, ɡ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɣ, ɡ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɣ/ | /ɡ/ | |||||||||||
Ґ ґ | /ɡ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ғ ғ | /ʁ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӷ ӷ | /ɣ~ʁ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҕ ҕ | /ɣ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Д д | /d/ | /ð, d/ | /d/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ђ ђ | /d͡ʑ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ѓ ѓ | /ɟ~dʑ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Е е | /je, e/ | /e/ | /je, ʲe/ | /e/ | /je, ʲe/ | /e, ʲe, je/ | /je, ʲe, e, ɤ/ | /ɛ/ | /e, ja, aj/ | /e, ɛː, je, ie/ | |||||||||||
Ѐ ѐ | /e/[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ё ё | /jɵ/[4] | /jɔ/ | /jɔ/ | /jo/ | /jɒ/ | /jo, ʲo/ | /jo/ | /jo, ʲo/ | /jo/ | ||||||||||||
Ӗ ӗ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Є є | /je/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ж ж | /ʐ/ | /ʐ/ | /ʐ/ | /ʒ/ | /ʐ/ | /ʒ/ | |||||||||||||||
Ӂ ӂ | /dʒ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Җ җ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ӝ ӝ | /d͡ʒ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
З з | /z/ | /z~ʒ/ | /z/ | ||||||||||||||||||
З́ з́ | /zʲ/[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҙ ҙ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ӟ ӟ | /dʲʑ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӡ ӡ | /dz/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ѕ ѕ | /dz/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
И и | /i/ | /ɪ/ | /i/ | /i, ʲi/ | /i/ | /i~ɨ/ | /i/ | ||||||||||||||
Ѝ ѝ | /i/[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӥ ӥ | /i/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӣ ӣ | /iː/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
І і | /i/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ї ї | /ji/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӏ ӏ | /ʔ/ | /ʢ/ | |||||||||||||||||||
Й й | /j/ | /j/ | /j/ | /j/ | |||||||||||||||||
Ҋ ҋ | /j̊/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ј ј | /j/ | /j/ | |||||||||||||||||||
К к | /k/ | /kʼ/ | /k/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Қ қ | /q/ | /kʰ/ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҟ ҟ | /qʼ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҡ ҡ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ӄ ӄ | /q/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҝ ҝ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Л л | /l~ɫ/ | /l/ | /l~ɫ/ | /l/ | /l~ɫ/ | /l/ | /l~ɮ/ | /l/ | |||||||||||||
Ӆ ӆ | /l̥/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Љ љ | /ʎ/ | /ʎ/ | |||||||||||||||||||
М м | /m/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӎ ӎ | /m̥/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Н н | /n/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӊ ӊ | /n̥/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ң ң | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ӈ ӈ | /ŋ/ | /ŋ/ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҥ ҥ | /ŋ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Њ њ | /ɲ/ | /ɲ/ | |||||||||||||||||||
О о | /o/ | /ɔ/ | /o/ | /ɔ/ | /o/ | /ɔ/ | /o/ | /ɔ/ | /o/ | ||||||||||||
Ӧ ӧ | /ø/ | /ʌ/ | /ø/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ө ө | /ŏ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӫ ӫ | /ɵ~ɞ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҩ ҩ | /ɥ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
П п | /p/ | /pʼ/ | /p/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ԥ ԥ | /pʰ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Р р | /r/ | /r~ɾ/ | /r/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ҏ ҏ | /r̥/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
С с | /s/ | /s~ʃ/ | /s/ | ||||||||||||||||||
С́ с́ | /sʲ/[7] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҫ ҫ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Т т | /t/ | /tʼ/ | /t/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ҭ ҭ | /tʰ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ћ ћ | /t͡ɕ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ќ ќ | /c~tɕ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
У у | /u/ | [u]; /w/ | /u/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ў ў | /w/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ӳ ӳ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ӱ ӱ | /y/ | /y/ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ӯ ӯ | /ɵ~ø/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ү ү | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ұ ұ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ф ф | /f/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Х х | /x/ | /h/ | /χ/ | /x/ | /χ/ | /x/ | |||||||||||||||
Ҳ ҳ | /h/ | /ħ/ | |||||||||||||||||||
Һ һ | /ʰ~h/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ц ц | /ts/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҵ ҵ | /tsʼ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ч ч | /tɕ/ | /ʈʂ/ | /ʈ͡ʂ/ | /ʈ͡ʂ/ | /tʃ/ | /tɕ/ | /tʃ/ | /tɕ/ | /tʃʰ/ | /tʃ/ | |||||||||||
Ӵ ӵ | /tɕ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҷ ҷ | /dʒ/ | /tʃʼ/ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ӌ ӌ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ҹ ҹ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ҽ ҽ | /ʈʂ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ҿ ҿ | /ʈ͡ʂʼ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Џ џ | /ɖ͡ʐ/ | /dʒ/ | /ɖʐ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ш ш | /ʂ/ | /ʂ/ | /ʂ/ | /ʃ/ | /ʃ~ʂ/ | /ʃ/ | /ʂ/ | /ʃ/ | |||||||||||||
Щ щ | /ɕː/ | /ʃtʃ/ | /ʃt/ | /ʂʈ͡ʂ/ | (/ʃtʃ/) | /ç/ | /ʃtʃ/ | /ɕ(ː)/ | /ʃtʃ/ | /ɕː/ | /ɕ/ | ||||||||||
Ъ ъ | [8] | [9] | /ɤ~ɐ/ | [10] | /ʔ/ | [11] | /ˠ/ | /ʔ/ | |||||||||||||
Ы ы | [ɨ] | /ɨ/ | /ɨ/ | (/i/) | /ɨ/ | /ɤ/ | /ɨ~ɯ/ | /ɨ/ | /ə/ | (/i/) | |||||||||||
Ӹ ӹ | /ɯ~ə/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ь ь | /ʲ/ | /ʲ/ | /ʲ/ | (/ʲ/) | /ʲ/ | [12] | |||||||||||||||
Ҍ ҍ | /ʲ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Э э | [ɛ] | /ɛ/ | /ə/ | (/e/) | /e/ | /e, ɛː/ | /e, æ/ | /e/ | |||||||||||||
Ӭ ӭ | /ʲe/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ю ю | /ju/ | /ju/ | /ju/ | /ju/ | |||||||||||||||||
Я я | /ja/ | /jɑ/ | /ja/ | /ja/ | /ja/ | /jɑ/ | /ja/ | /jɑ/ | /ja/ | ||||||||||||
Alphabet | ru | be | uk | rue | sr | bg | mk | mo | os | tg | sjd | mhr | mrj | udm | kca | yrk | ab | kbd | ce |
Language families | Turkic languages | Tung. | Mongolic | Chin. | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alphabet | az | tk | kk | ky | krc | ba | tt | alt | kjh | sah | tyv | uz | ug | cv | evn | bua | mn | xal | dng |
А а | /ɑ/ | /a/ | /ɑ/ | /a/, /æ/ | /a/ | /ɑ/ | /a/ | /ɑ/ | /a~æ/ | /ɑ/ | /a/ | /a, ɑ/ | |||||||
Ӑ ӑ | /ə/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ӓ ӓ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ә ә | /æ/ | /æ/ | /æ/ | /æ/ | /ɤ/ | ||||||||||||||
Ӛ ӛ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ӕ ӕ | |||||||||||||||||||
Б б | /b/ | /b~p/ | /b/ | /w/ | /b/ | /p/ | |||||||||||||
В в | /v/ | /β/ | (/v/) | /v/ | /w/ | /w/, /v/ | (/v/) | /v/ | (/v/) | /v/, /w/ | /w/ (/v/) | /ʋ/ | /v/ | (/w~β/) | /w̜/ | /w/ | |||
Г г | /ɡ/ | /ɡ~ʁ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɡ/, /ɣ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɡ/, /ɣ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɡ/, /ɢ/ | /k/ | ||||||||||
Ґ ґ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ѓ ѓ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ғ ғ | /ɣ/ | /ʁ/ | /ɣ/ | /ɣ/ | /ɣ/ | /ʁ/ | |||||||||||||
Ӷ ӷ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҕ ҕ | /ɣ~ʁ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Д д | /d/ | /d~t/ | /d/ | /t/ | |||||||||||||||
Ђ ђ | |||||||||||||||||||
Е е | /e/ | /iɘ/ | /je, e/ | /e/ | /e/ | /e/, /je/, /jɤ/ | /e/ | /je, e/ | (/e/, /je/) | /e, je/ | /ɛ/, /jɛ/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /je/ | /ji~jo/ | /je/ | /iɛ/ | ||
Ѐ ѐ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ё ё | /jo/ | (/jo/) | /jo/ | /ø/ | /jo/ | (/jo/) | /jo/ | (/jo/) | (/jɔ/) | (/jo/) | /jo/ | /jɔ/ | /iɔ/ | ||||||
Ӗ ӗ | /ɘ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ҽ ҽ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҿ ҿ | |||||||||||||||||||
Є є | |||||||||||||||||||
Ж ж | /ʒ/ | /dʒ/ | /dʒ/, /ʒ/ | /ʒ/ | (/ʒ/) | /ʒ/ | /dʒ/ | /ʒ/ | /ʐ/ | /ʒ/ | /tʃ/ | /ʐ/ | |||||||
Ӂ ӂ | |||||||||||||||||||
Җ җ | /dʒ/ | /ʑ/ | /dʒ/ | /dʒ/ | /tʂ, tɕ/ | ||||||||||||||
Ӝ ӝ | |||||||||||||||||||
З з | /z/ | /ð/ | /z/ | (/z/) | /z/ | /ts/ | |||||||||||||
З́ з́ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҙ ҙ | /ð/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ӟ ӟ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ӡ ӡ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ѕ ѕ | |||||||||||||||||||
И и | /i/ | /ɪ/ | /ɪ/, /ɯ/ | /i/ | /i, ei/ | ||||||||||||||
Ѝ ѝ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ӥ ӥ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ӣ ӣ | |||||||||||||||||||
І і | /ɘ/ | /ɪ/ | |||||||||||||||||
Ї ї | |||||||||||||||||||
Ӏ ӏ | |||||||||||||||||||
Й й | /j/ | /j/, /ȷ̃/ | /j/ | /i/ | /j/ | ||||||||||||||
Ҋ ҋ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ј ј | /j/ | /ɟ/ | |||||||||||||||||
К к | /c/ (/k/) | /k~q/ | /k/ | /k~q/ | /k/ | /k/, /q/ | /k/ | /k~q/ | /k/ | (/k/) | (/kʰ~x/) | (/k/) | /kʰ/ | ||||||
Қ қ | /q/ | /q/ | |||||||||||||||||
Ҟ ҟ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҡ ҡ | /q/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ӄ ӄ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҝ ҝ | /ɟ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Л л | /l/ | /ɮ/ | /l/ | ||||||||||||||||
Ӆ ӆ | |||||||||||||||||||
Љ љ | |||||||||||||||||||
М м | /m/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ӎ ӎ | |||||||||||||||||||
Н н | /n/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ӊ ӊ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ң ң | /ŋ/ | /ŋ/ | /ŋ/ | /ŋ/ | /ŋ/ | /ŋ/ | |||||||||||||
Ӈ ӈ | /ŋ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ҥ ҥ | /ŋ/ | /ŋ/ | |||||||||||||||||
Њ њ | |||||||||||||||||||
О о | /o/ | /uʊ/ | /o/ | /ɔ/ | /o/ | /ɔ/ | |||||||||||||
Ӧ ӧ | /ø/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ө ө | /ø/ | /yʉ/ | /ø/ | /ø/ | /ø/ | /ø/ | /ø/ | /o/ | |||||||||||
Ӫ ӫ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҩ ҩ | |||||||||||||||||||
П п | /p/ | /p~pʰ/ | /p/ | (/p/) | (/pʰ/) | /pʰ/ | |||||||||||||
Ԥ ԥ | |||||||||||||||||||
Р р | /ɾ/ | /r/ | /ɾ/ | /r/ | /ɾ/ | /r/ | /ɾ/ | /r/ | /ɚ, r/ | ||||||||||
Ҏ ҏ | |||||||||||||||||||
С с | /s/ | /θ/ | /s/ | ||||||||||||||||
С́ с́ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҫ ҫ | /θ/ | /ɕ/ | |||||||||||||||||
Т т | /t/ | /t~tʰ/ | /t/ | /tʰ/ | |||||||||||||||
Ҭ ҭ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ћ ћ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ќ ќ | |||||||||||||||||||
У у | /u/ | /w/, /ʊw/, /ʉw/ | /u/ | /u/, /w/ | /u/ | /ʊ/ | /ɤu, u/ | ||||||||||||
Ў ў | /w/ | /o/ | /u/ | ||||||||||||||||
Ӳ ӳ | /y/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ӱ ӱ | /y/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ӯ ӯ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ү ү | /y/ | /ʉ/ | /y/ | /y/ | /y/, /w/ | /y/ | /ʏ/ | /y/ | /u/ | /y/ | |||||||||
Ұ ұ | /ʊ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ф ф | /f/ | /ɸ/ | (/f/) | /f/ | /ɸ/ | (/f/) | /f~ɸ/ | (/f/) | /f/ | (/f/) | (/f~pʰ/) | (/f/) | /f/ | ||||||
Х х | /x~χ/ | /h~x/ | (/x/) | /h/ | /x/ | /χ/ | /x/ | ||||||||||||
Ҳ ҳ | /h/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Һ һ | /h/ | /h/ | /h/ | /h/ | /h/ | /h/ | /h/ | ||||||||||||
Ц ц | (/ts/) | (/t͡s/) | (/ts/) | /t͡s/ | (/ts/) | /t͡s/ | (/ts/) | (/t͡s/) | (/ts/) | (/ts/) | /ts/ | (/ts/) | /t͡sʰ/ | ||||||
Ҵ ҵ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ч ч | /tʃ/ | (/tɕ/) | /tʃ/ | /ɕ/ | (/tʃ/) | /tʃ/ | /c/ | /tʃ/ | /tɕ/ | /tʃ/ | (/tʃ/) | /tʃʰ/ | /tʂʰ, tɕʰ/ | ||||||
Ӵ ӵ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ҷ ҷ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ӌ ӌ | /dʒ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Ҹ ҹ | /dʒ/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Џ џ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ш ш | /ʃ/ | (/ʃ/) | /ʃ/ | /ʂ/ | /ʃ/ | /ʂ/ | |||||||||||||
Щ щ | (/ʃtʃ/) | (/ɕ/) | /ʃtʃ, ʃː/ | (/ʃ/) | /ɕ/ | /ʃɕ/ | (/ʃtʃ/) | /ɕː/ | (/ɕː/) | (/ʃtʃ/) | (/ɕː/, /ɕtɕ/) | (/ʃtʃ/) | /ɕ/ | ||||||
Ъ ъ | [13] | /ʲ/ | /ʔ/ | [14] | /ˤ/ | [ʔ] | [15] | [16] | [17] | ||||||||||
Ы ы | /ɯ/ | /ə/ | /ɯ/ | /ɨ/ | /ɯ/ | /ɤ/ | /ɯ/ | /ɯ/ | /i/ | /ʉ/ | /i/ | /ɪ, ɨə/ | |||||||
Ӹ ӹ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ь ь | [18] | /ʲ/ | /ʔ/ | /ʲ/ | [19] | /ʲ/ | [20] | [21] | /ʲ/ | [22] | |||||||||
Ҍ ҍ | |||||||||||||||||||
Э э | /e/ | (/e/) | /e/ | /e/, /æ/ | /e/ | /e/, /ʔ/ | (/e/) | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | ||||||
Ӭ ӭ | |||||||||||||||||||
Ю ю | /ju/ | /jʉw/, /jʊw/ | /ju, jy/ | /y/ | /ju/ | /ju/, /jy/ | (/ju/) | /ju/ | (/ju/) | /ju/ | /ju, jʊ/ | /jʊ/ | /iɤu/ | ||||||
Я я | /ja/ | /jɑ/ | /ja, jɑ/ | /æ/ | /ja/ | /ja/, /jæ/ | (/jɑ/) | /ja/ | (/ja/) | (/jɑ/) | (/ja/) | /ja/ | /ia, iɑ/ | ||||||
Alphabet | az | tk | kk | ky | krc | ba | tt | alt | kjh | sah | tyv | uz | ug | cv | bua | mn | xal | evn | dng |
Summary table
Early scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Church Slavonic | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Ꙉ | Ѕ | Е | Ж | З Ꙁ | И | І | Ꙇ | Ї | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О Ѡ | П | Р | С | Т | Оу Ꙋ | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ꙑ Ы | Ѣ | Ь | Ю | Ꙗ | Ѥ | Ѧ | Ѩ | Ѫ | Ѭ | Ѯ | Ѱ | Ѳ | Ѵ | Ҁ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Most common shared letters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ь | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
South Slavic languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Дж | Дз | Е | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Дж | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ь | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Macedonian | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Ѓ | Ѕ | Е | Ж | З | И | Ј | К | Л | Љ | М | Н | Њ | О | П | Р | С | Т | Ќ | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Џ | Ш | ’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Serbian | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Ђ | Е | Ж | З | И | Ј | К | Л | Љ | М | Н | Њ | О | П | Р | С | Т | Ћ | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Џ | Ш | ’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Montenegrin | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Ђ | Е | Ж | З | З́ | И | Ј | К | Л | Љ | М | Н | Њ | О | П | Р | С | С́ | Т | Ћ | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Џ | Ш | ’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
East Slavic languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Russian | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Belarusian | А | Б | В | Г | Ґ | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | І | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ў | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | ’ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ukrainian | А | Б | В | Г | Ґ | Д | Е | Є | Ж | З | И | І | Ї | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | ’ | Ь | Ю | Я | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rusyn | А | Б | В | Г | Ґ | Д | Е | Є | Ё | Ж | З | И | І | Ї | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Ю | Я | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nigenic languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kurdish | А | Б | В | Г | Г' | Д | Е | Ә | Ә' | Ж | З | И | Й | К | К' | Л | М | Н | О | Ö | П | П' | Р | Р' | С | Т | Т' | У | Ф | Х | Һ | Һ' | Ч | Ч' | Ш | Щ | Ь | Э | Ԛ | Ԝ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ossetian | А | Ӕ | Б | В | Г | Гъ | Д | Дж | Дз | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Къ | Л | М | Н | О | П | Пъ | Р | С | Т | Тъ | У | Ф | Х | Хъ | Ц | Цъ | Ч | Чъ | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tajik | А | Б | В | Г | Ғ | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Ӣ | Й | К | Қ | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ӯ | Ф | Х | Ҳ | Ч | Ҷ | Ш | Ъ | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Romance languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Moldovan | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ж | Ӂ | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uralic languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Komi-Permyak | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | І | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | Ӧ | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Meadow Mari | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | Ҥ | О | Ӧ | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ӱ | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hill Mari | А | Ӓ | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | Ӧ | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ӱ | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ӹ | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kildin Sami | А | Ӓ | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | Ҋ | Ј | К | Л | Ӆ | М | Ӎ | Н | Ӊ | Ӈ | О | П | Р | Ҏ | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Һ | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Ҍ | Э | Ӭ | Ю | Я | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turkic languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Azerbaijani | А | Б | В | Г | Ғ | Д | Е | Ә | Ё | Ж | З | И | Ј | Й | К | Ҝ | Л | М | Н | О | Ө | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ү | Ф | Х | Һ | Ц | Ч | Ҹ | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bashkir | А | Ә | Б | В | Г | Ғ | Д | Ҙ | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Ҡ | Л | М | Н | Ҥ | О | Ө | П | Р | С | Ҫ | Т | У | Ү | Ф | Х | Һ | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ә | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chuvash | А | Ӑ | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ӗ | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Ҫ | Т | У | Ӳ | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kazakh | А | Ә | Б | В | Г | Ғ | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | І | Й | К | Қ | Л | М | Н | Ң | О | Ө | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ұ | Ү | Ф | Х | Һ | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kyrgyz | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | Ң | О | Ө | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ү | Ф | Х | Ч | Ш | Ы | Э | Ю | Я | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tatar | А | Ә | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | Җ | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | Ң | О | Ө | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ү | Ф | Х | Һ | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uzbek | А | Б | В | Г | Ғ | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Қ | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ў | Ф | Х | Ҳ | Ч | Ш | Ъ | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mongolian languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buryat | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | Л | М | Н | О | Ө | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ү | Ф | Х | Һ | Ц | Ч | Ш | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Khalkha | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | Ө | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ү | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kalmyk | А | Ә | Б | В | Г | Һ | Д | Е | Ж | Җ | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | Ң | О | Ө | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ү | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Caucasian languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Abkhaz | А | Б | В | Г | Ҕ | Д | Џ | Е | Ҽ | Ҿ | Ж | Жә | З | Ӡ Ӡә | И | Й | К | Қ | Ҟ | Л | М | Н | О | Ҩ | П | Ҧ | Р | С | Т Тә | Ҭ Ҭә | У | Ф | Х | Ҳ Ҳә | Ц Цә | Ҵ Ҵә | Ч | Ҷ | Ш Шә | Щ | Ы | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sino-Tibetan languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dungan | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | Җ | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | Ң | Ә | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ў | Ү | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я |
See also
- Cyrillic script
- Cyrillic digraphs
- Cyrillic characters in Unicode
- Languages using Cyrillic
- List of Latin letters
Notes
- ^a ѐ and ѝ – considered variants of е and и, respectively, not separate letters – are included here because they are used in some South Slavic languages for preventing ambiguity and have been assigned separate Unicode code points.
- ^b The letters з́ and с́ only appear in the Montenegrin alphabet, which is otherwise identical to the Serbian alphabet and was not given a separate column.
- ^c In normal Russian texts ё is written without the dots, that is it appears as е. The dots are sometimes added to prevent ambiguity or in children books.
- ^d In the indicated languages, ъ indicates that the preceding consonant is not iotated.
- ^e In Ossetian, ъ is combined with consonants to indicate new phonemes, most commonly ejective consonants.
- ^f In Chechen, ь is combined with both consonants and vowels to indicate various new phonemes.
- ^g Only used in borrowings, not in native words.
- There are many languages that use two or more scripts, for example Latin or Arabic.
- In Belarusian and Ukrainian there is an apostrophe to indicate de-palatalization of the preceding consonant.
- Azerbaijani has the apostrophe ⟨ʼ⟩ as a letter.
- Nenets has the apostrophe ⟨ʼ⟩ and double apostrophe ⟨ˮ⟩ as letters.
References
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; Derzhanski, Ivan; Dorosh, Vladislav; Kryukov, Alexey; Paliga, Sorin; Ruppel, Klaas (2007-01-12). "L2/07-003R: Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج Priest, Lorna (2005-08-02). "L2/05-080R2: Proposal to Encode Additional Cyrillic Characters (rev 2005/08/18)" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ Cleminson, Ralph (2006-10-31). "L2/06-359: Proposal for additional Cyrillic characters" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ أ ب Shardt, Yuri; Simmons, Nikita; Andreev, Aleksandr (2011-02-25). "L2/10-394R: Proposal to Encode Some Outstanding Early Cyrillic Characters in Unicode" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ Everson, Michael (2022-01-09). "L2/22-002: Proposal to revise the glyph of CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O" (PDF).
- ^ Yevlampiev, Ilya; Pentzlin, Karl (2011-07-06). "L2/11-265: Proposal to encode a missing Cyrillic letter pair for the Orok language" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ أ ب Everson, Michael; Priest, Lorna (2008-04-11). "L2/08-144: Proposal to encode two Cyrillic characters for Abkhaz" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ Priest, Lorna (2008-07-28). "L2/08-182: Proposal to Encode Additional Latin and Cyrillic Characters" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ أ ب ت Головко, Е. В. (1994). Словарь алеутско-русский и русско-алеутский (беринговский диалект) [Aleut-Russian and Russian-Aleut Dictionary (Bering dialect)]. p. 14. ISBN 5-09-002312-3.
External links
- Cyrillic Alphabets of Slavic Languages review of Cyrillic charsets in Slavic Languages.
- Unicode collation charts—including Cyrillic letters, sorted by shape