قائمة الحروف الكيريلية

(تم التحويل من List of Cyrillic letters)

هذه المقالة تحتوي على حروف خاصة. بدون دعم العرض المناصب، فقد ترى علامات استفهام، مربعات، أو رموز أخرى.

This is a list of letters of the Cyrillic script. The definition of a Cyrillic letter for this list is a character encoded in the Unicode standard that a has script property of 'Cyrillic' and the general category of 'Letter'. An overview of the distribution of Cyrillic letters in Unicode is given in Cyrillic script in Unicode.

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Letters contained in the Russian alphabet

Letters contained in the Russian alphabet.

Russian alphabet
Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ее Ëë Жж Зз Ии
Йй Кк Лл Мм Нн Оо Пп Рр Сс Тт
Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь
Ээ Юю Яя


Letters unused in Russian alphabet

Extensions

Letter Name Notes
Ә ә Schwa Abkhaz, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Dungan, Kazakh, Kurdish, Tatar, Turkmen, Wakhi
Ԝ ԝ We Kurdish, Yaghnobi language, Tundra Yukaghir language
Ԁ ԁ Komi De Komi (1919—1940)
Ђ ђ Dje Montenegrin, Serbian
Ԃ ԃ Komi Dje Komi (1919—1940)
Ꚁ ꚁ Dwe Abkhaz (1909—1926, replaced by Дә)[1]
Э э E Belarusian, Russian
Є є Ukrainian Ye Ukrainian, Khanty
Ԑ ԑ Reversed Ze Enets, Khanty[2]
Ѕ ѕ Dze Macedonian
Ꙅ ꙅ Reversed Dze Old Church Slavonic,[3] Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian as variant of Ѕ
Ꙃ ꙃ Dzelo Early Cyrillic alphabet (as variant of, and replaced by Ѕ)[3]
Ӡ ӡ Abkhazian Dze Abkhaz, Uilta
Ꚃ ꚃ Dzwe Abkhaz (1909—1926, replaced by Ӡә)[1]
Ꙁ ꙁ Zemlya Early Cyrillic alphabet (as variant of, and replaced by З)[3]
Ԅ ԅ Komi Zje Komi (1919—1940)
Ԇ ԇ Komi Dzje Komi (1919—1940)
І і Dotted I Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian (to 1918), Kazakh, Komi, Rusyn
Ꙇ ꙇ Iota Glagolitic (Cyrillic transcription)[3]
Ј ј Je Serbian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Kildin Sami, Azerbaijani (to 1991), Udmurt (to 1897), Orok
Ꙉ ꙉ Djerv Church Slavonic (Replaced by Ћ and Ђ)[3]
Ԉ ԉ Komi Lje Komi (1919—1940)
Ԛ ԛ Qa Old Abkhaz, Kurdish[1]
Small capital El Uralic Phonetic Alphabet[4]
Superscript En Bezhta, Hunzib, Godoberi
Ԋ ԋ Komi Nje Komi (1919—1940)
Ө ө Barred O (Oe) Bashkir, Buryat, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Khanty, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Tuvan, Mongolian, Yakut, Azerbaijani (to 1991)
Ꚛ ꚛ Crossed O Old Church Slavonic[5]
Ꙩ ꙩ Monocular O Early Cyrillic 14th - 15th Centuries[1]
Ꙫ ꙫ Binocular O Early Cyrillic (Exotic)[1]
Multiocular O Early Cyrillic (Ex: серафими многоꙮчитїи).[1] Appearance changed in Unicode 15.0.[6]
Ѻ ѻ Broad On Early Cyrillic (Variant of regular O)
Ҁ ҁ Koppa Old Church Slavonic, numerical usage only (Replaced by Ч)
Ԍ ԍ Komi Sje Komi (1919—1940)
Ԏ ԏ Komi Tje Komi (1919—1940)
Ꚍ ꚍ Twe Abkhaz (replaced by Тә)[1]
Ћ ћ Tshe Serbian
Ү ү Straight U (Ue) Kazakh, Mongolian, Karakalpak, Tatar, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Dungan
Һ һ Ha/He Kazakh, Bashkir, Siberian Tatar, Sakha, Kalmyk
Ꚕ ꚕ Hwe Abkhaz (replaced by Ҳә)[1]
Ѡ ѡ Omega Early Cyrillic
Ꙍ ꙍ Broad Omega Slavic languages (Historic)[3]
Ꙡ ꙡ Reversed Tse Old Novgorodian birchbark
Ꚏ ꚏ Tswe Abkhaz (replaced by Цә)[1]
Ҽ ҽ Abkhazian Che Abkhaz
Џ џ Dzhe Serbian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Abkhazian, Romanian Cyrillic
Ꚗ ꚗ Shwe Abkhaz (replaced by Шә)[1]
Ꙏ ꙏ Neutral Yer Late Medieval Russian transcription (when yers are indistinguishable from each other)
Ѣ ѣ Yat Early Cyrillic, Proto-Slavic, Russian (until 1918), Bulgarian (until 1945), Ukrainian (until 1945), Rusyn (until 1945, recurring in 1991)
Ҩ ҩ Abkhazian Ha Abkhaz
Ꙕ ꙕ Reversed Yu Early East Slavic, Early Bulgarian[3]
Ӏ ӏ Palochka Abaza, Adyghe, Avar, Chechen, Dargwa, Ingush, Kabardian, Lak, Lezgian, Tabassaran
Ѧ ѧ Little Yus Common Slavonic nasal vowel, Early Cyrillic
Ꙙ ꙙ Closed Little Yus Common Slavonic nasal vowel, Early Cyrillic,[3] Middle Bulgarian[3] as variant of little yus
Ѫ ѫ Big Yus Common Slavonic nasal vowel, Early Cyrillic
Ꙛ ꙛ Blended Yus Middle Bulgarian[3]
Ѯ ѯ Ksi Early Cyrillic, Church Slavonic, Romanized: Ks or X
Ѱ ѱ Psi Early Cyrillic
Ѳ ѳ Fita Early Cyrillic, cf. Greek: Θ θ
Ѵ ѵ Izhitsa Udmurt (to 1897), Abkhaz (to 1926), Russian (until 1918 in a few rare Greek words), Serbian (until the 19th century), Church Slavonic
Ꙟ ꙟ Yn Romanian (Cyrillic)[3]
Оу оу Uk Early Cyrillic alphabet


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Letters with diacritics

Letters with diacritics.
Letter Name Notes
А̀ а̀ A with grave Bulgarian, Macedonian (not individual letter, used in Dialects)
А̂ а̂ A with circumflex Bulgarian, Serbian (not individual letter, used in Dialects), Udege
Ӑ ӑ A with breve Chuvash
Ӓ ӓ A with diaerisis Hill Mari, Kildin Sami, Khanty, Serbian (not individual letter, used in Dialects)
А̄ а̄ A with macron Kildin Sami, Khanty, Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects), Serbian (not individual letter, used in Dialects)
А̃ а̃ A with tilde Khinalug
А̊ а̊ A with ring above Selkup
Ӓ̄ ӓ̄ A with diaeresis and macron Kildin Sami
Ә́ ә́ Schwa with acute Tatar (not individual letter)
Ӛ ӛ Schwa with diaeresis Khanty
Ә̃ ә̃ Schwa with tilde Khinalug
В̌ в̌ Ve with caron Shughni, Wakhi
В҄ в҄ Ve with Scribble Church Slavonic
Ґ ґ Ghe with upturn Ukrainian, Belarusian (i.e. Belarusian Classical Orthography), (not individual letter, formally), Rusyn
Г̄ г̄ Ghe with macron Karelian (1820s)
Г̌ г̌ Ghe with caron Shughni, Wakhi
Г̑ г̑ Ghe with inverted breve Aleut
Ғ ғ Ghe with stroke Kazakh, Uzbek, Bashkir, Tajik, Azerbaijani (to 1991)
Ӻ ӻ Ghe with stroke and hook Nivkh[2]
Ғ̌ ғ̌ Ghe with stroke and caron Shughni
Г̣ г̣ Ghe with dot below Cyrillization of Arabic
Ҕ ҕ Ghe with middle hook Abkhaz, Yakut
Ӷ ӷ Ghe with descender Abkhaz, Aleut
Г̧ г̧ Ghe with cedilla Karelian (1820's), Lezgian, Dargwa, Chechen (Uslar's orthographies)
Г҄ г҄ Ge with scribble Church Slavonic
Д̆ д̆ De with breve Aleut
Д̣ д̣ De with dot below Cyrillization of Arabic, Wakhi
Ѓ ѓ Gje Macedonian
Ѐ ѐ Ye with grave Macedonian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Church Slavonic
Ӗ ӗ Ye with breve Chuvash
Ё̄ ё̄ Yo with macron Khanty
Е̄ е̄ Ye with macron Khanty, Bulgarian, Serbian
Е̃ е̃ Ye with tilde Khinalug
Є̈ є̈ Ukrainian Ye with diaeresis Khanty
Ӂ ӂ Zhe with breve Moldavian
Ӝ ӝ Zhe with diaeresis Udmurt
Җ җ Zhe with descender Dungan, Tatar, Turkmen
З́ з́ Zje Montenegrin
Ӟ ӟ Ze with diaeresis Udmurt
Ҙ ҙ Ze with descender Bashkir, Wakhi
З̌ з̌ Ze with caron Nganasan, Shughni
З̱ з̠ Ze with macron below Cyrillization of Arabic
З̣ з̣ Ze with dot below Cyrillization of Arabic
Ԑ̈ ԑ̈ Reversed Ze with diaeresis Khanty
Ѝ ѝ I with grave Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian
Ҋ ҋ Short I with tail Kildin Sami
Ӥ ӥ I with diaeresis Udmurt
Ӣ ӣ I with macron Tajik, Bulgarian, Serbian
И̃ и̃ I with tilde Khinalug, Godoberi
Ї ї Yi Ukrainian, Rusyn, Church Slavonic (almost)
Ї́ ї́ Yi with acute Ukrainian, Rusyn
Ӄ ӄ Ka with hook Aleut, Khanty, Abkhaz (formally)
Ҟ ҟ Ka with stroke Abkhaz
Ҝ ҝ Ka with vertical stroke Azerbaijani
К҄ к҄ Ka with scribble Church Slavonic
Ԟ ԟ Aleut Ka Aleut[1]
Қ қ Ka with descender Abkhaz, Kazakh, Khanty, Wakhi
Ҡ ҡ Bashkir Qa Bashkir
К̣ к̣ Ka with dot below Cyrillization of Arabic
Ԓ ԓ El with hook Chukchi, Khanty, Itelmen[2]
Ԡ ԡ El with middle hook Chuvash (1872)[1]
Ԯ ԯ El with descender Khanty[1]
Ӆ ӆ El with tail Kildin Sami
Ӎ ӎ Em with tail Kildin Sami
Ӈ ӈ En with hook Aleut, Kildin Sami, Khanty, Nenets
Н҄ н҄ En with scribble Church Slavonic
Ԣ ԣ En with middle hook Chuvash (1872),[1] Udmurt (to 1897)
Ԩ ԩ En with left hook Orok[7]
Ң ң En with descender Dungan, Kazakh, Tatar, Turkmen, Bashkir, Khakasian, Khanty, Uzbek, Kyrgyz
Ӊ ӊ En with tail Kildin Sami
О̀ о̀ O with grave Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian
О̄ о̄ O with macron Carpatho-Rusyn
Ӧ ӧ O with diaeresis Hill Mari, Meadow Mari, Khakas, Khanty, Udmurt
О̆ о̆ O with breve Itelmen, Khanty
О̂ о̂ O with circumflex Udege, Rusyn, Bulgarian
О̃ о̃ O with tilde Khinalug
Ӧ̄ ӧ̄ O with diaeresis and macron
Ө́ ө́ Barred O/Oe with acute Bashkir (not individual letter)
Ӫ ӫ Barred O/Oe with diaeresis Khanty
Ө̄ ө̄ Barred O/Oe with macron Negidal, Orok, Selkup
Ө̆ ө̆ Barred O/Oe with breve Khanty
Ҧ ҧ Pe with middle hook Old orthographies for Abkhaz
Ԥ ԥ Pe with descender Abkhaz[8]
Р̌ р̌ Er with caron Nivkh, Polish (formerly)
Ҏ ҏ Er with tick Kildin Sami
С́ с́ Sje Montenegrin
Ҫ ҫ Es with descender (The) Bashkir, Chuvash, Nganasan
С̱ с̠ Es with macron below Cyrillization of Arabic
С̣ с̣ Es with dot below Cyrillization of Arabic
Ꚋ ꚋ Te with middle hook Abkhaz (1909—1926), Chuvash (1872)[1]
Т̌ т̌ Te with caron Chuvash (1872), Shughni, Wakhi
Ҭ ҭ Te with descender Abkhaz[8]
Т̣ т̣ Te with dot below Cyrillization of Arabic
Ќ ќ Kje Macedonian
У̀ у̀ U with grave Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects)
У́ у́ U with acute Russian, Karachay-Balkar (formerly)
Ӳ ӳ U with double acute Chuvash
Ў ў Short U Belarusian, Dungan, Khanty, Uzbek
Ӱ ӱ U with diaeresis Hill Mari, Meadow Mari, Khakas, Khanty, Rusyn
Ӯ ӯ U with macron Carpatho-Rusyn (not individual letter), Tajik
У̃ у̃ U with tilde Khinalug
Ӱ́ ӱ́ U with diaeresis and acute Rusyn
Ұ ұ Straight U/Ue with stroke (Kazakh Short U) Kazakh
Ү́ ү́ Straight U/Ue with acute Mongolian (not individual letter)
Х̑ х̑ Kha with inverted breve Aleut
Ӽ ӽ Kha with hook Aleut, Nivkh, Itelmen,[2] Khanty, Abkhaz (formerly)
Х҄ х҄ Kha with scribble Church Slavonic
Ӿ ӿ Kha with stroke Nivkh[2]
Ҳ ҳ Kha with descender Abkhaz, Khanty, Tajik, Uzbek, Wakhi
Х̱ х̠ Kha with macron below Cyrillization of Arabic
Х̣ х̣ Kha with dot below Cyrillization of Arabic
Х̮ х̮ Kha with breve below Cyrillization of Arabic
Ѽ ѽ Omega Slavic languages (Historic)[3]
Ԧ ԧ Shha with descender Azerbaijani Cyrillic (1939-1991)[9]
Ӵ ӵ Che with diaeresis Udmurt
Ҹ ҹ Che with vertical stroke Azerbaijani
Ҷ ҷ Che with descender Abkhaz, Khanty, Tajik, Wakhi
Ҷ̣ ҷ̣ Che with descender and dot below Wakhi
Ӌ ӌ Khakassian Che Khakas
Ҿ ҿ Abkhazian Che with descender Abkhaz
Ш̆ ш̆ Sha with breve Abkhaz language (Old)
Ъ̀ ъ̀ Hard sign with grave Bulgarian (not individual letter)
Ꙑ ꙑ Yery with back yer Old Church Slavonic,[3] now Ы
Ы̆ ы̆ Yery with breve Moksha (1923-1938), Mari (old)
Ӹ ӹ Yery with diaeresis Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari
Ы̄ ы̄ Yery with macron Aleut (Bering dialect),[10] Evenki, Mansi, Nanai, Negidal, Ulch, Selkup
Ы̂ ы̂ Yery with circumflex Udege (formerly)
Ы̃ ы̃ Yery with tilde Moksha (1890s)
Ҍ ҍ Semisoft Sign Kildin Sami
Э̄ э̄ E with macron Aleut (Bering dialect),[10] Evenki, Mansi, Nanai, Negidal, Orok, Ulch, Kildin Sami, Selkup, Chechen
Ӭ ӭ E with diaeresis Kildin Sami
Э̆ э̆ E with breve Tundra Nenets
Ӭ́ ӭ́ E with diaeresis and acute Kildin Sami
Ӭ̄ ӭ̄ E with diaeresis and macron Kildin Sami
Э̇ э̇ E with dot above Tundra Nenets
Ю̀ ю̀ Yu with grave Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects)
Ю̆ ю̆ Yu with breve Khanty
Ю̈ ю̈ Yu with diaeresis Selkup, Karelian (formerly)
Ю̈́ ю̈́ Yu with diaeresis and acute Rusyn
Ю̄ ю̄ Yu with macron Aleut (Bering dialect),[10] Evenki, Mansi, Nanai, Negidal, Orok, Ulch, Kildin Sami, Selkup, Chechen
Ю̂ ю̂ Yu with circumflex Udege (formerly)
Я̀ я̀ Ya with grave Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects)
Я̆ я̆ Ya with breve Khanty
Я̈ я̈ Ya with diaeresis Selkup
Я̄ я̄ Ya with macron Kildin Sami, Udege (formerly)
Я̂ я̂ Ya with circumflex Udege (formerly)
Ѷ ѷ Izhitsa with kendema (New) Church Slavonic


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Ligatures

Ligatures
Letter Decomposition Name Notes
Ӕ ӕ АЕ Æ Ossetian
Ꙣ ꙣ ДГ[بحاجة لمصدر] Soft De Old Church Slavonic[1]
Ԫ ԫ ДЖ Dzzhe Komi
Ꚅ ꚅ ЗЖ Zhwe Abkhazian[1]
Ꚉ ꚉ ДЗ Dzze Abkhazian (replaced by Ӡ),[1] Komi
Љ љ ЛЬ Lje Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian
Ꙥ ꙥ ЛГ[بحاجة لمصدر] Soft El Old Church Slavonic[1]
Ԕ ԕ ЛХ Lha Early orthographies for Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha)[1]
Ꙧ ꙧ МГ[بحاجة لمصدر] Soft Em Old Church Slavonic[1]
Ҥ ҥ НГ En Ghe/Soft En Altay, Meadow Mari, Yakut, Old Church Slavonic
Њ њ НЬ Nje Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian
Ꚙ ꚙ ОО Double O Early Cyrillic[5]
Ꙭ ꙭ ꙨꙨ Double Monocular O[1] Early Cyrillic
Ԗ ԗ РХ Rha Early orthographies for Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha)[1]
Ꙋ ꙋ ОУ or ОѴ Monograph Uk Old Church Slavonic[3]
Ѿ ѿ ѠТ Ot Old Church Slavonic[1]
Ҵ ҵ ТЦ Te Tse Abkhasian
Ꚑ ꚑ ТС Tsse Abkhasian (to 1926),[1] Avar (1889)
Ԭ ԭ ДЧ Dche Komi (formerly)
Ꚓ ꚓ ТЧ Tche Abkhasian (1909—1926)[1]
Ꚇ ꚇ ЧЧ Cche Abkhasian (to 1926)[1]
Cyrillic capital letter Che Sha.svg Cyrillic small letter Che Sha.svg ЧШ Che Sha Udmurt (old)
Ꙓ ꙓ ІѢ Iotated Yat Old Church Slavonic[3]
Ꙗ ꙗ ІА Iotated A Old Church Slavonic[3]
Ԙ ԙ ЯЕ Yae Early orthographies for Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha)[1]
Ѥ ѥ ІЄ Iotated E Old Church Slavonic
Ѩ ѩ ІѦ Iotated Little Yus Old Church Slavonic
Ꙝ ꙝ ІꙘ Iotated Closed Little Yus Old Church Slavonic, Middle Bulgarian[3] as variant of iotated little yus
Ѭ ѭ ІѪ Iotated Big Yus Old Church Slavonic

Position Cyrillic letters in alphabet

Variants of Cyrillic are used by the writing systems of many languages, especially languages used in the countries with the significant presence of Slavic peoples. The tables below list the Cyrillic letters in use in various modern languages and show the primary sounds they represent in them (see the articles on the specific languages for more detail). Letter forms with a combined diacritic which are not considered separate letters in any language (notably vowels with accent marks which are sometimes used in some languages to indicate stress and/or tone) are excluded from the tables, with the exception of ѐ and ѝ[1]. The highlighted letters are those of the basic (original) Cyrillic alphabet; archaic letters no longer in use in any language today are not listed.

For letters not on this list, see Template:Infobox Cyrillic letter.

Usage of letters in various languages
Language families Slavic languages Other Indo-European Uralic Caucasian
Alphabet ru be uk rue sr[2] bg mk mo os tg sjd mhr mrj udm kca yrk ab kbd ce
А а /a/ /ɑ/ /a/ /ɑ/ /a/ /ɑ/ //
Ӑ ӑ  
Ӓ ӓ   /ʲa/ /æ/ /ɐ/  
Ә ә   /ɤ~ʌ/  
Ӛ ӛ   /ɘ/  
Ӕ ӕ   /ɐ/  
Б б /b/ /β, b/ /b/
В в /v/ /ʋ~w/ /v/
Г г /ɡ/ /ɣ/ /ɦ/ /ɡ/ /ɣ, ɡ/ /ɡ/ /ɣ, ɡ/ /ɡ/ /ɣ/ /ɡ/
Ґ ґ   /ɡ/  
Ғ ғ   /ʁ/  
Ӷ ӷ   /ɣ~ʁ/  
Ҕ ҕ   /ɣ/  
Д д /d/ /ð, d/ /d/
Ђ ђ   /d͡ʑ/  
Ѓ ѓ   /ɟ~/  
Е е /je, e/ /e/ /je, ʲe/ /e/ /je, ʲe/ /e, ʲe, je/ /je, ʲe, e, ɤ/ /ɛ/ /e, ja, aj/ /e, ɛː, je, ie/
Ѐ ѐ   /e/[3]  
Ё ё /jɵ/[4] /jɔ/ /jɔ/   /jo/ /jɒ/ /jo, ʲo/ /jo/ /jo, ʲo/   /jo/
Ӗ ӗ  
Є є   /je/  
Ж ж /ʐ/ /ʐ/ /ʐ/ /ʒ/ /ʐ/ /ʒ/
Ӂ ӂ   //  
Җ җ  
Ӝ ӝ   /d͡ʒ/  
З з /z/ /z~ʒ/ /z/
З́ з́   //[5]  
Ҙ ҙ  
Ӟ ӟ   /dʲʑ/  
Ӡ ӡ   /dz/  
Ѕ ѕ   /dz/  
И и /i/ /ɪ/ /i/ /i, ʲi/ /i/ /i~ɨ/ /i/
Ѝ ѝ   /i/[6]  
Ӥ ӥ   /i/  
Ӣ ӣ   /iː/  
І і /i/  
Ї ї   /ji/  
Ӏ ӏ   /ʔ/ /ʢ/
Й й /j/ /j/ /j/ /j/
Ҋ ҋ   //  
Ј ј   /j/ /j/    
К к /k/ // /k/
Қ қ   /q/   /kʰ/  
Ҟ ҟ   //  
Ҡ ҡ  
Ӄ ӄ   /q/  
Ҝ ҝ  
Л л /l~ɫ/ /l/ /l~ɫ/ /l/ /l~ɫ/ /l/ /l~ɮ/ /l/
Ӆ ӆ   //  
Љ љ   /ʎ/ /ʎ/  
М м /m/
Ӎ ӎ   //  
Н н /n/
Ӊ ӊ   //  
Ң ң  
Ӈ ӈ   /ŋ/   /ŋ/  
Ҥ ҥ   /ŋ/  
Њ њ   /ɲ/ /ɲ/  
О о /o/ /ɔ/ /o/ /ɔ/ /o/ /ɔ/ /o/ /ɔ/ /o/
Ӧ ӧ   /ø/ /ʌ/ /ø/  
Ө ө   /ŏ/  
Ӫ ӫ   /ɵ~ɞ/  
Ҩ ҩ   /ɥ/  
П п /p/ // /p/
Ԥ ԥ   /pʰ/  
Р р /r/ /r~ɾ/ /r/
Ҏ ҏ   //  
С с /s/ /s~ʃ/ /s/
С́ с́   //[7]  
Ҫ ҫ  
Т т /t/ // /t/
Ҭ ҭ   /tʰ/  
Ћ ћ   /t͡ɕ/  
Ќ ќ   /c~/  
У у /u/ [u]; /w/ /u/
Ў ў /w/  
Ӳ ӳ  
Ӱ ӱ   /y/ /y/  
Ӯ ӯ   /ɵ~ø/  
Ү ү  
Ұ ұ  
Ф ф /f/
Х х /x/ /h/ /χ/ /x/ /χ/ /x/
Ҳ ҳ   /h/   /ħ/  
Һ һ   /ʰ~h/  
Ц ц /ts/
Ҵ ҵ   /tsʼ/  
Ч ч // /ʈʂ/ /ʈ͡ʂ/ /ʈ͡ʂ/ // // // // /ʰ/ //
Ӵ ӵ   //  
Ҷ ҷ   //   /tʃʼ/  
Ӌ ӌ  
Ҹ ҹ  
Ҽ ҽ   /ʈʂ/  
Ҿ ҿ   /ʈ͡ʂʼ/  
Џ џ   /ɖ͡ʐ/ //   /ɖʐ/  
Ш ш /ʂ/ /ʂ/ /ʂ/ /ʃ/ /ʃ~ʂ/ /ʃ/ /ʂ/ /ʃ/
Щ щ /ɕː/ /ʃ/ /ʃt/   /ʂʈ͡ʂ/ (/ʃ/) /ç/ /ʃ/ /ɕ(ː)/ /ʃ/ /ɕː/ /ɕ/  
Ъ ъ [8]   [9] /ɤ~ɐ/   [10] /ʔ/ [11] /ˠ/ /ʔ/
Ы ы [ɨ] /ɨ/   /ɨ/ (/i/) /ɨ/ /ɤ/ /ɨ~ɯ/ /ɨ/ /ə/ (/i/)
Ӹ ӹ   /ɯ~ə/  
Ь ь /ʲ/ /ʲ/ /ʲ/ (/ʲ/) /ʲ/ [12]
Ҍ ҍ   /ʲ/  
Э э [ɛ] /ɛ/   /ə/ (/e/) /e/ /e, ɛː/ /e, æ/   /e/
Ӭ ӭ   /ʲe/  
Ю ю /ju/ /ju/ /ju/ /ju/
Я я /ja/ /jɑ/ /ja/ /ja/ /ja/ /jɑ/ /ja/ /jɑ/ /ja/
Alphabet ru be uk rue sr bg mk mo os tg sjd mhr mrj udm kca yrk ab kbd ce
Usage of letters in various languages
Language families Turkic languages Tung. Mongolic Chin.
Alphabet az tk kk ky krc ba tt alt kjh sah tyv uz ug cv evn bua mn xal dng
А а /ɑ/ /a/ /ɑ/ /a/, /æ/ /a/ /ɑ/ /a/ /ɑ/ /a~æ/ /ɑ/ /a/ /a, ɑ/
Ӑ ӑ /ə/  
Ӓ ӓ  
Ә ә /æ/ /æ/ /æ/ /æ/ /ɤ/
Ӛ ӛ  
Ӕ ӕ  
Б б /b/ /b~p/ /b/ /w/ /b/ /p/
В в /v/ /β/ (/v/) /v/ /w/ /w/, /v/ (/v/) /v/ (/v/) /v/, /w/ /w/ (/v/) /ʋ/ /v/ (/w~β/) // /w/
Г г /ɡ/ /ɡ~ʁ/ /ɡ/ /ɡ/, /ɣ/ /ɡ/ /ɡ/, /ɣ/ /ɡ/ /ɡ/, /ɢ/ /k/
Ґ ґ  
Ѓ ѓ  
Ғ ғ /ɣ/ /ʁ/ /ɣ/ /ɣ/ /ɣ/ /ʁ/  
Ӷ ӷ  
Ҕ ҕ /ɣ~ʁ/  
Д д /d/ /d~t/ /d/ /t/
Ђ ђ  
Е е /e/ /iɘ/ /je, e/ /e/ /e/ /e/, /je/, /jɤ/ /e/ /je, e/ (/e/, /je/) /e, je/ /ɛ/, /jɛ/ /e/ /ɛ/ /je/ /ji~jo/ /je/ /iɛ/
Ѐ ѐ  
Ё ё /jo/ (/jo/) /jo/ /ø/ /jo/ (/jo/) /jo/ (/jo/) (/jɔ/) (/jo/) /jo/ /jɔ/ /iɔ/
Ӗ ӗ /ɘ/  
Ҽ ҽ  
Ҿ ҿ  
Є є  
Ж ж /ʒ/ // //, /ʒ/ /ʒ/ (/ʒ/) /ʒ/ // /ʒ/ /ʐ/ /ʒ/ // /ʐ/
Ӂ ӂ  
Җ җ // /ʑ/ // // /, /
Ӝ ӝ  
З з /z/ /ð/ /z/ (/z/) /z/ /ts/
З́ з́  
Ҙ ҙ /ð/  
Ӟ ӟ  
Ӡ ӡ  
Ѕ ѕ  
И и /i/ /ɪ/ /ɪ/, /ɯ/ /i/ /i, ei/
Ѝ ѝ  
Ӥ ӥ  
Ӣ ӣ  
І і   /ɘ/   /ɪ/  
Ї ї  
Ӏ ӏ  
Й й /j/ /j/, /ȷ̃/ /j/ /i/ /j/
Ҋ ҋ  
Ј ј /j/ /ɟ/  
К к /c/ (/k/) /k~q/ /k/ /k~q/ /k/ /k/, /q/ /k/ /k~q/ /k/ (/k/) (/kʰ~x/) (/k/) /kʰ/
Қ қ /q/ /q/  
Ҟ ҟ  
Ҡ ҡ /q/  
Ӄ ӄ  
Ҝ ҝ /ɟ/  
Л л /l/ /ɮ/ /l/
Ӆ ӆ  
Љ љ  
М м /m/
Ӎ ӎ  
Н н /n/
Ӊ ӊ  
Ң ң /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ/
Ӈ ӈ /ŋ/
Ҥ ҥ /ŋ/ /ŋ/
Њ њ  
О о /o/ /uʊ/ /o/ /ɔ/ /o/ /ɔ/
Ӧ ӧ /ø/  
Ө ө /ø/ /yʉ/ /ø/ /ø/ /ø/ /ø/ /ø/ /o/  
Ӫ ӫ  
Ҩ ҩ  
П п /p/ /p~pʰ/ /p/ (/p/) (/pʰ/) /pʰ/
Ԥ ԥ  
Р р /ɾ/ /r/ /ɾ/ /r/ /ɾ/ /r/ /ɾ/ /r/ /ɚ, r/
Ҏ ҏ  
С с /s/ /θ/ /s/
С́ с́  
Ҫ ҫ /θ/ /ɕ/  
Т т /t/ /t~tʰ/ /t/ /tʰ/
Ҭ ҭ  
Ћ ћ  
Ќ ќ  
У у /u/ /w/, /ʊw/, /ʉw/ /u/ /u/, /w/ /u/ /ʊ/ /ɤu, u/
Ў ў /w/ /o/ /u/
Ӳ ӳ /y/  
Ӱ ӱ /y/  
Ӯ ӯ  
Ү ү /y/ /ʉ/ /y/ /y/ /y/, /w/ /y/ /ʏ/ /y/ /u/ /y/
Ұ ұ /ʊ/  
Ф ф /f/ /ɸ/ (/f/) /f/ /ɸ/ (/f/) /f~ɸ/ (/f/) /f/ (/f/) (/f~pʰ/) (/f/) /f/
Х х /x~χ/ /h~x/ (/x/) /h/ /x/ /χ/ /x/
Ҳ ҳ /h/  
Һ һ /h/ /h/ /h/ /h/ /h/ /h/ /h/  
Ц ц (/ts/) (/t͡s/) (/ts/) /t͡s/ (/ts/) /t͡s/ (/ts/) (/t͡s/) (/ts/) (/ts/) /ts/ (/ts/) /t͡sʰ/
Ҵ ҵ  
Ч ч // (//) // /ɕ/ (/tʃ/) // /c/ // // // (/tʃ/) /ʰ/ /ʰ, ʰ/
Ӵ ӵ  
Ҷ ҷ  
Ӌ ӌ //  
Ҹ ҹ //  
Џ џ  
Ш ш /ʃ/ (/ʃ/) /ʃ/ /ʂ/ /ʃ/ /ʂ/
Щ щ (/ʃ/) (/ɕ/) /ʃ, ʃː/ (/ʃ/) /ɕ/ /ʃɕ/ (/ʃtʃ/) /ɕː/ (/ɕː/) (/ʃ/) (/ɕː/, /ɕ/) (/ʃ/) /ɕ/
Ъ ъ [13] /ʲ/ /ʔ/ [14] /ˤ/ [ʔ] [15] [16] [17]
Ы ы /ɯ/ /ə/ /ɯ/ /ɨ/ /ɯ/ /ɤ/ /ɯ/ /ɯ/ /i/ /ʉ/ /i/ /ɪ, ɨə/
Ӹ ӹ  
Ь ь [18] /ʲ/ /ʔ/ /ʲ/ [19] /ʲ/ [20] [21] /ʲ/ [22]
Ҍ ҍ  
Э э /e/ (/e/) /e/ /e/, /æ/ /e/ /e/, /ʔ/ (/e/) /e/ /ɛ/ /e/ /ɛ/ /e/ /ɛ/
Ӭ ӭ  
Ю ю /ju/ /jʉw/, /jʊw/ /ju, jy/ /y/ /ju/ /ju/, /jy/ (/ju/) /ju/ (/ju/) /ju/ /ju, jʊ/ /jʊ/ /iɤu/
Я я /ja/ /jɑ/ /ja, jɑ/ /æ/ /ja/ /ja/, /jæ/ (/jɑ/) /ja/ (/ja/) (/jɑ/) (/ja/) /ja/ /ia, iɑ/
Alphabet az tk kk ky krc ba tt alt kjh sah tyv uz ug cv bua mn xal evn dng

Summary table

The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
АА̀А̂А̄ӒБВГ
ҐДЂЃЕЀЕ̄Е̂
ЁЄЖЗЗ́ЅИІ
ЇЍИ̂ӢЙЈК
ЛЉМНЊОО̀О̂
ŌӦПРСС́ТЋ
ЌУУ̀У̂ӮЎӰФ
ХЦЧЏШЩЪ
Ъ̀ЫЬѢЭЮЮ̀Я
Я̀
Non-Slavic letters
ӐА̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃
ӚВ̌ԜГ̑Г̇Г̣Г̌Г̂
Г̆Г̈г̊ҔҒCyrillic capital letter Ghe with stroke and descender.svgӺҒ̌
ғ̊ӶCyrillic capital letter Ghe with hook.svgД́Д̌Д̈Д̣Д̆
ӖЕ̃Ё̄Є̈ԐԐ̈ҖӜ
ӁЖ̣ҘӞЗ̌З̣З̆Ӡ
И̃ӤҊҚӃҠҞҜ
К̣к̊қ̊ԚЛ́ӅԮ
ԒЛ̈ӍН́ӉҢԨ
ӇҤО̆О̃Ӧ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́
Ө̆ӪԤП̈ҎР̌С̌Ҫ
С̣С̱Т́Т̈Т̌Т̇Т̣Ҭ
Cyrillic capital letter Te Soft-sign.svgУ̃ӲУ̊Ӱ̄ҰҮҮ́
Х̣Х̱Х̮Х̑Х̌ҲӼх̊
Ӿӿ̊ҺҺ̈ԦЦ̌Ц̈Ҵ
ҶҶ̣ӴӋCyrillic capital letter Che with hook.svgҸЧ̇Ч̣
ҼҾШ̣Ы̆Ы̄Ӹ
ҌҨЭ̆Э̄Э̇ӬӬ́Ӭ̄
Ю̆Ю̈Ю̄Я̆Я̄Я̈Ӏʼ
ˮ
Archaic or unused letters
Cyrillic capital letter script A.svgА̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧
Г̄Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆Cyrillic capital letter split by middle ring Ghe.svgԀД̓
Д̀Д̨Cyrillic capital letter archaic Dje.svgԂЕ̇Е̨
Ж̀Ж̑Cyrillic small letter Zhe with stroke.svgCyrillic capital letter Je with inverted belt.svgCyrillic small letter Dje with high right breve serif.svgЏ̆
Ꚅ̆З̀З̑ԄԆ
ԪCyrillic capital letter Shha with Cil top.svgCyrillic capital letter Shha with high right breve serif.svgІ̂І̣І̨
Cyrillic capital letter byelorussian-ukrainian I with curve at bottom.svgЈ̵Ј̃К̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆
К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂Cyrillic capital letter Ka with loop.svgCyrillic small letter ka with ascender.svg
Л̀ԠԈЛ̑Л̇ԔCyrillic small letter El with retroflex hook.svg
Cyrillic small letter El Er.svgCyrillic small letter Te El with retroflex hook.svgМ̀М̃Н̀Н̄Н̧
Н̃ԊԢН̡Ѻ
Cyrillic small letter O with notch at top.svgCyrillic capital letter O with notch at bottom.svgCyrillic capital letter O with left notch.svgП̓П̀
П́ҦП̧П̑ҀԚ̆Cyrillic capital letter Shha with hook.svgР́
Р̀Р̃Cyrillic small letter split at right Er.svgԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓
Cyrillic capital letter long Es.svgТ̓Т̀ԎТ̑Т̧
Ꚍ̆Cyrillic small letter Te El.svgCyrillic small letter voiceless L.svgCyrillic small letter voiceless L with comma above.svgОУCyrillic capital letter script U.svgУ̇
У̨ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇
Х̧Х̾Х̓Cyrillic capital letter bashkir Ha.svgһ̱ѠѼ
ѾЦ̀Ц́Ц̓Cyrillic capital letter Tse with long left leg.svgꚎ̆
Cyrillic capital letter Cil.svgCyrillic capital letter Cil with bar.svgЧ́Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓
Cyrillic capital letter Char.svgCyrillic small letter Char with high right breve serif.svgԬꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀
Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆Ꚗ̆Cyrillic capital letter Che Sha.svgЪ̄Ъ̈
Ъ̈̄Ы̂Ы̃Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting stroke.svgѢ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆
Э̨Э̂Ю̂Cyrillic capital letter iotified monograph uk.svgCyrillic capital letter iotified monograph uk with breve.svg
Я̈Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦѪ
ѨѬѮѰѲѴ
Ѷ
Cyrillic alphabets comparison table
Early scripts
Church Slavonic А Б В Г Д Ѕ Е Ж З Ꙁ И І Ї Й К Л М Н О Ѡ П Р С Т Оу Ꙋ Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ꙑ Ы Ѣ Ь Ю Ѥ Ѧ Ѩ Ѫ Ѭ Ѯ Ѱ Ѳ Ѵ Ҁ
Most common shared letters
Common А   Б В Г   Д     Е     Ж   З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ       Ь     Ю Я  
South Slavic languages
Bulgarian А   Б В Г   Д Дж Дз Е     Ж   З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч Дж Ш Щ Ъ     Ь     Ю Я
Macedonian А   Б В Г   Д Ѓ Ѕ Е     Ж   З   И   Ј     К   Л Љ М   Н Њ   О   П   Р   С   Т Ќ У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч Џ Ш  
Serbian А   Б В Г   Д Ђ   Е     Ж   З   И   Ј     К   Л Љ М   Н Њ   О   П   Р   С   Т Ћ У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч Џ Ш  
Montenegrin А   Б В Г   Д Ђ   Е     Ж   З З́ И   Ј     К   Л Љ М   Н Њ   О   П   Р   С С́ Т Ћ У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч Џ Ш  
East Slavic languages
Russian А   Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Belarusian А   Б В Г Ґ Д     Е   Ё Ж   З     І     Й К   Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У Ў   Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш   Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Ukrainian А   Б В Г Ґ Д     Е Є   Ж   З   И І   Ї Й К   Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ     Ь     Ю Я
Rusyn А   Б В Г Ґ Д     Е Є Ё Ж   З   И І   Ї Й К   Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь     Ю Я
Nigenic languages
Kurdish А   Б В Г Г' Д     Е Ә Ә' Ж   З   И       Й К К' Л   М   Н     О Ö П П' Р Р' С   Т Т' У     Ф Х Һ Һ'   Ч Ч' Ш Щ       Ь Э       Ԛ Ԝ
Ossetian А Ӕ Б В Г Гъ Д Дж Дз Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й К Къ Л   М   Н     О   П Пъ Р   С   Т Тъ У     Ф Х Хъ Ц Цъ Ч Чъ Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Tajik А   Б В Г Ғ Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И   Ӣ   Й К Қ Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У Ӯ   Ф Х Ҳ     Ч Ҷ Ш   Ъ       Э   Ю Я
Romance languages
Moldovan А   Б В Г   Д     Е     Ж Ӂ З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш     Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Uralic languages
Komi-Permyak А   Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И І     Й К   Л   М   Н     О Ӧ П   Р   С   Т   У     Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Meadow Mari А   Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н Ҥ   О Ӧ П   Р   С   Т   У Ӱ   Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Hill Mari А Ӓ Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н     О Ӧ П   Р   С   Т   У Ӱ   Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ӹ Ь Э   Ю Я
Kildin Sami А Ӓ Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И   Й Ҋ Ј К   Л Ӆ М Ӎ Н Ӊ Ӈ О   П   Р Ҏ С   Т   У     Ф Х Һ Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Ҍ Э Ӭ Ю Я
Turkic languages
Azerbaijani А   Б В Г Ғ Д     Е Ә Ё Ж   З   И Ј     Й К Ҝ Л   М   Н     О Ө П   Р   С   Т   У   Ү Ф Х Һ Ц   Ч Ҹ Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Bashkir А Ә Б В Г Ғ Д   Ҙ Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й К Ҡ Л   М   Н Ҥ   О Ө П   Р   С Ҫ Т   У   Ү Ф Х Һ Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э Ә Ю Я
Chuvash А Ӑ Б В Г   Д     Е Ё Ӗ Ж   З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С Ҫ Т   У Ӳ   Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Kazakh А Ә Б В Г Ғ Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И І     Й К Қ Л   М   Н Ң   О Ө П   Р   С   Т   У Ұ Ү Ф Х Һ Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Kyrgyz А   Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н Ң   О Ө П   Р   С   Т   У   Ү Ф Х       Ч   Ш     Ы     Э   Ю Я
Tatar А Ә Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж Җ З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н Ң   О Ө П   Р   С   Т   У   Ү Ф Х Һ Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Uzbek А   Б В Г Ғ Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й К Қ Л   М   Н     О   П   Р   С   Т   У Ў   Ф Х Ҳ     Ч   Ш   Ъ       Э   Ю Я
Mongolian languages
Buryat А   Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й     Л   М   Н     О Ө П   Р   С   Т   У   Ү Ф Х Һ Ц   Ч   Ш     Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Khalkha А   Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж   З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н     О Ө П   Р   С   Т   У   Ү Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я
Kalmyk А Ә Б В Г Һ Д     Е     Ж Җ З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н Ң   О Ө П   Р   С   Т   У   Ү Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш         Ь Э   Ю Я
Caucasian languages
Abkhaz А   Б В Г Ҕ Д   Џ Е Ҽ Ҿ Ж Жә З Ӡ Ӡә И     Й К Қ Ҟ Л   М   Н     О Ҩ П Ҧ Р   С   Т Тә Ҭ Ҭә У     Ф Х Ҳ Ҳә Ц Цә Ҵ Ҵә Ч Ҷ Ш Шә Щ   Ы
Sino-Tibetan languages
Dungan А   Б В Г   Д     Е   Ё Ж Җ З   И       Й К   Л   М   Н Ң Ә О   П   Р   С   Т   У Ў Ү Ф Х   Ц   Ч   Ш Щ Ъ Ы   Ь Э   Ю Я

See also

Notes

  • ^a ѐ and ѝ – considered variants of е and и, respectively, not separate letters – are included here because they are used in some South Slavic languages for preventing ambiguity and have been assigned separate Unicode code points.
  • ^b The letters з́ and с́ only appear in the Montenegrin alphabet, which is otherwise identical to the Serbian alphabet and was not given a separate column.
  • ^c In normal Russian texts ё is written without the dots, that is it appears as е. The dots are sometimes added to prevent ambiguity or in children books.
  • ^d In the indicated languages, ъ indicates that the preceding consonant is not iotated.
  • ^e In Ossetian, ъ is combined with consonants to indicate new phonemes, most commonly ejective consonants.
  • ^f In Chechen, ь is combined with both consonants and vowels to indicate various new phonemes.
  • ^g Only used in borrowings, not in native words.
  • There are many languages that use two or more scripts, for example Latin or Arabic.
  • In Belarusian and Ukrainian there is an apostrophe to indicate de-palatalization of the preceding consonant.
  • Azerbaijani has the apostrophe ⟨ʼ⟩ as a letter.
  • Nenets has the apostrophe ⟨ʼ⟩ and double apostrophe ⟨ˮ⟩ as letters.

References

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; Derzhanski, Ivan; Dorosh, Vladislav; Kryukov, Alexey; Paliga, Sorin; Ruppel, Klaas (2007-01-12). "L2/07-003R: Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Priest, Lorna (2005-08-02). "L2/05-080R2: Proposal to Encode Additional Cyrillic Characters (rev 2005/08/18)" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
  3. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ Cleminson, Ralph (2006-10-31). "L2/06-359: Proposal for additional Cyrillic characters" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
  4. ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
  5. ^ أ ب Shardt, Yuri; Simmons, Nikita; Andreev, Aleksandr (2011-02-25). "L2/10-394R: Proposal to Encode Some Outstanding Early Cyrillic Characters in Unicode" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
  6. ^ Everson, Michael (2022-01-09). "L2/22-002: Proposal to revise the glyph of CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O" (PDF).
  7. ^ Yevlampiev, Ilya; Pentzlin, Karl (2011-07-06). "L2/11-265: Proposal to encode a missing Cyrillic letter pair for the Orok language" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
  8. ^ أ ب Everson, Michael; Priest, Lorna (2008-04-11). "L2/08-144: Proposal to encode two Cyrillic characters for Abkhaz" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
  9. ^ Priest, Lorna (2008-07-28). "L2/08-182: Proposal to Encode Additional Latin and Cyrillic Characters" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
  10. ^ أ ب ت Головко, Е. В. (1994). Словарь алеутско-русский и русско-алеутский (беринговский диалект) [Aleut-Russian and Russian-Aleut Dictionary (Bering dialect)]. p. 14. ISBN 5-09-002312-3.

External links

قالب:Cyrillization