غزو يوغسلاڤيا
غزو يوغسلاڤيا | |||||||
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جزء من حملة البلقان في الحرب العالمية الثانية | |||||||
Illustration of the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia | |||||||
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المتحاربون | |||||||
قوى المحور:
| مملكة يوغسلاڤيا | ||||||
القادة والزعماء | |||||||
القوى | |||||||
ألمانيا: 337,096 875 دبابة 990 طائرة Italy: 22 فرقة 666 aircraft[1] المجر: 9 ألوية 6 سرب طائرات |
700,000 (400,000 of which were poorly trained[2]) 110[3]–200[4] tanks (50[4]–54[3] of which were modern) 460[5]–505 aircraft (including 103 modern bombers[4] and 107 modern fighter aircraft[6]) | ||||||
الضحايا والخسائر | |||||||
ألمانيا: 151 قتيل 392 جريح 15 مفقود 40 aircraft shot down إيطاليا: 3,324 killed or wounded 10+ aircraft shot down, 22 damaged. المجر: 120 killed 223 wounded 13 missing 7 aircraft shot down |
آلاف المدنيين والجنود قـُتلوا 254,000–345,000 captured by Germans, 30,000 by Italians 49 aircraft shot down, 103 pilots and aircrew killed 210–300 aircraft captured[7] 3 destroyers and 3 submarines captured |
غزو يوغسلاڤيا تسمى كذلك حرب أبريل كان هجوماً نفذته قوات المحور على مملكة يوغسلاڤيا خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، فقد قامت الوحدات الألمانية والإيطالية والمجرية والبلغارية والرومانية في 6 أبريل 1941 بشن هجوم على يوغسلاڤيا إنتهى في 17 إبريل 1941 بحتلال كامل الأراضي اليوغسلاڤية.
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الخلفية
الاستعدادات
القوات المتقابلة
النسق القتالي للمحور
القوات المجرية
العمليات
العمليات البرية
التقدم ثلاثي الشعب تجاه بلگراد
العمليات البحرية
الخسائر
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الهدنة والاستسلام
الأعقاب
Beginning with the forming of the first partisan battalion near Sisak, Croatia on 22 June and uprising in Serbia in July 1941, there was continuous resistance to the occupying armies in Yugoslavia until the end of the war. While in the beginning both Partisans and the Chetniks engaged in resistance, the Partisans became the main resistance force after Chetniks started to collaborate with the Axis forces in 1942, esp. in Operation Trio.
الملاحظات
الهامش
تذييل
- ^ Zajac 1993, p. 50.
- ^ Tomasevich 1975, p. 64.
- ^ أ ب Tomasevich 1975, p. 59.
- ^ أ ب ت Zajac 1993, p. 47.
- ^ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 174.
- ^ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 173.
- ^ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 310.
الكتب
- Bán, András D. (2004). Hungarian–British Diplomacy, 1938–1941: The Attempt to Maintain Relations. Translated by Tim Wilkinson. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0714656607.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Cervi, Mario (1972). The Hollow Legions. Mussolini's Blunder in Greece, 1940–1941. trans. Eric Mosbacher. London: Chatto and Windus. ISBN 0-70111-351-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help) - Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All the world's fighting ships, 1922–1946. London, England: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-146-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Ciglić, Boris; Savić, Dragan (2007). Dornier Do 17, The Yugoslav Story: Operational Record 1937–1947. Belgrade: Jeroplan. ISBN 978-86-909727-0-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Giurescu, Dinu C. (2000). Romania in the Second World War (1939–1945). Boulder, CO: East European Monographs.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Hoffmann, Peter (2000) [1979]. Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting the Führer, 1921–1945 (2nd ed.). Da Capo Press.
{{cite book}}
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(help); Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Goss, Chris (2005). Dornier 17: In Focus. Surrey, UK: Red Kite/Air Research. ISBN 0-9546201-4-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Gretschko, A. A., ed. (1977). Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Vol. 3. East Berlin: Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Klajn, Lajco (2007). The Past in Present Times: The Yugoslav Saga. University Press of America. ISBN 0-7618-3647-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Loi, Salvatore (1978). Le operazioni delle unità italiane in Jugoslavia (1941–1943): narrazione, documenti (in Italian). Rome, Italy: Ministero della difesa (Ministry of Defence). OCLC 9194926.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Macartney, C. A. (1956). October Fifteenth: A History of Modern Hungary, 1929–1945. vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Macartney, C. A. (1957). October Fifteenth: A History of Modern Hungary, 1929–1945. vol. 2. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Miller, Marshall Lee (1975). Bulgaria during the Second World War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Niehorster, Leo W. G. (1998). The Royal Hungarian Army, 1920–1945. Bayside, New York: Europa Books. ISBN 978-1-891227-19-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Novak, Emilian E. (1969). Limitations of Hungarian National Power in World War Two (MA thesis). University of North Texas.
{{cite thesis}}
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(help) - Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2007). Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-1-85065-895-5.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Redžić, Enver (2005). Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War. Abingdon: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-5625-9.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Savić, Dragan; Ciglić, Boris (2002). Croatian Aces of World War 2. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-435-3.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Schreiber, Gerhard (2006). "Germany, Italy, and South-east Europe: From Political and Economic Hegemony to Military Aggression". Germany and the Second World War, Volume III: The Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa, 1939–1941. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 303–448.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
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(help) - Shaw, Les (1973). Trial by Slander: A background to the Independent State of Croatia, and an account of the Anti-Croatian Campaign in Australia. Canberra: Harp Books. ISBN 0-909432-00-7.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Shirer, William L. (2002). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0-09-942176-4.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (1987). Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete, 1940–41. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-07-6.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Short, Neil (2010). The Fuhrer's Headquarters: Hitler's Command Bunkers, 1939–45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-582-1.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Terzić, Velimir (1982a). Slom Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941 : uzroci i posledice poraza (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 1. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Narodna knjiga. OCLC 10276738.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Terzić, Velimir (1982b). Slom Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941 : uzroci i posledice poraza (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 2. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Narodna knjiga. OCLC 10276738.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - The Times Atlas of the Second World War, John Keegan (ed.), New York: Harper and Row, 1989.
- Thomas, Nigel; Mikulan, Krunoslav (1995). Axis Forces in Yugoslavia 1941–45. New York: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-473-3.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Thomas, Nigel; Szabo, Laszlo (2008). The Royal Hungarian Army in World War II. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-324-7.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Tomasevich, Jozo (1969), "Yugoslavia during the Second World War", in Vucinich, Wayne S., Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 59–118, ISBN 978-05-200153-6-4
- Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Vol. 2. San Francisco: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3615-4.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1964). Hitler's War Directives: 1939–1945. Viborg: Norhaven Paperback. ISBN 1-84341-014-1.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - US Army (1986) [1953]. The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941): A Model of Crisis Planning. Department of the Army Pamphlet No. 20–260. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 16940402. CMH Pub 104-4.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Vogel, Detlef (2006). "German Intervention in the Balkans". Germany and the Second World War, Volume III: The Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa, 1939–1941. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 449–556.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
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(help) - Weal, John A. (1998). Junkers Ju 87: Stukageschwader of North Africa and the Mediterranean. London: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-85532-722-1.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Whitely, M. J. (2001). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-326-7.
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(help)
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المقالات
- Barefield, Michael R. (May 1993). "Overwhelming Force, Indecisive Victory: The German Invasion of Yugoslavia, 1941". Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College.
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(help) - Dizdar, Zdravko (2007). "Bjelovarski ustanak od 7. do 10. travnja 1941". Časopis za suvremenu povijest (in Croatian). Vol. 3. Hrvatski institut za povijest. pp. 581–609.
{{cite news}}
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(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Dedijer, Vladimir (1956). "Sur l'armistice "germano-yougoslave" (7 avril 1941) (Peut-on dire qu'il y eut réellement un armistice?)". Revue d'histoire de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. 6 (23): 1–10.
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(help) - Fatutta, F.; Covelli, L. (1975). "1941: Attack on Yugoslavia". The International Magazine of Armies and Weapons. Vol. 4, no. 15–17. Lugano, Switzerland.
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(help) - Jovanovich, Leo M. (1994). "The War in the Balkans in 1941". East European Quarterly. 28 (1): 105–29.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - Krzak, Andrzej (2006). "Operation "Marita": The Attack Against Yugoslavia in 1941". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 19 (3): 543–600. doi:10.1080/13518040600868123.
- Lennox, Dyer T. (May 1997). "Operational Analysis: German operations against Yugoslavia 1941". Newport, Rhode Island: Joint Military Operations Department, Naval War College.
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(help) - Mirošević, Franko (2011). "Dubrovnik i dubrovački kotar od Banovine Hrvatske do talijanske reokupacije (od rujna 1939. do rujna 1941.)". Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru (in Croatian). Vol. 53. pp. 243–279.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (1982). "How Many Non-Serbian Generals in 1941?". East European Quarterly. 16 (4): 447–52.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - Zajac, Daniel L. (May 1993). "The German Invasion of Yugoslavia: Insights For Crisis Action Planning And Operational Art in A Combined Environment". Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College.
{{cite journal}}
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(help); Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Životić, Aleksandar (2011). "Četničke jedinice Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije u Aprilskom ratu". Istorija 20. veka (in Serbian). 29: 39–47.
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للاستزادة
- Burgwyn, H. James. (2005). Empire on the Adriatic: Mussolini's Conquest of Yugoslavia 1941–1943. Enigma.
- Williams, Heather (2003). Parachutes, Patriots and Partisans: The Special Operations Executive and Yugoslavia, 1941–1945. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-592-8.
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- Yugoslavia in World War II
- غزوات الحرب العالمية الثانية
- Balkans Campaign (World War II)
- نزاعات 1941
- معارك إيطاليا في الحرب العالمية الثانية
- معارك الحرب العالمية الثانية التي شاركت فيها ألمانيا
- Battles of World War II involving Hungary
- 1941 in Yugoslavia
- 1941 in Croatia
- 1941 in Montenegro
- 1941 in the Republic of Macedonia
- 1941 in Serbia
- 1941 in Slovenia
- Invasions of Yugoslavia
- Invasions by Germany
- Invasions by Italy
- Invasions by Hungary
- Germany–Yugoslavia relations
- Italy–Yugoslavia relations
- مقالات تحتوي مقاطع ڤيديو
- April 1941 events
- الحرب العالمية الثانية