قائمة الأعلام الصينية

هذا المقال هو عن the flags used by various Chinese regimes. إذا كنت تريد the flags used in the Taiwan Area controlled by the Republic of China، انظر List of Taiwanese flags. إذا كنت تريد the current flag of the People's Republic of China، انظر Flag of China. إذا كنت تريد the current flag of the Republic of China، انظر Flag of the Republic of China.

هذه هي قائمة أعلام كيانات مسماة أو متعلقة بـ "الصين".

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

جمهورية الصين الشعبية

الأعلام الوطنية

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 1 October 1949 – present Flag of the People's Republic of China[1] A red field, with a large gold star with four smaller stars to the right at the catnon. This flag is flown in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau.

Special administrative regions flags

المقالة الرئيسية: Flag of Hong Kong and Flag of Macau
Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Hong Kong.svg 1 July 1997 – present Flag of Hong Kong[2] A white, five-petal Bauhinia blakeana on a red field with 1 star on each of the petals. The Chinese name of Bauhinia × blakeana has also been frequently shortened as 紫荊/紫荆 (洋 yáng means "foreign" in Chinese, and this would be deemed inappropriate by the PRC government), although 紫荊/紫荆 refers to another genus called Cercis. A statue of the plant has been erected in Golden Bauhinia Square in Hong Kong.
Flag of Macau.svg 20 December 1999 – present Flag of Macau[3] A lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars on a green field

أعلام عسكرية

Flag Duration Use الوصف
People's Liberation Army Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 1948–present Flag of the People's Liberation Army[4] A red field with a yellow star at the canton, and the Chinese numerals for "8" and "1", the date of the PLA's establishment on 1 August 1927.
Ground Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 1992–present Ensign of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force[4] The PLA flag with a green stripe at the bottom.
Naval Jack of the People's Republic of China (1950s).svg 1950s Jack of the People's Liberation Army Navy[5] The red flag with PLA emblem and a blue stripe in the center.
Naval Ensign of the People's Republic of China.svg 1992–present Ensign of the People's Liberation Army Navy[4] The PLA flag with 5 horizontal lines, 3 blue and 2 white at the bottom, representing the sea.
Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 1992–present Ensign of the People's Liberation Army Air Force[4] The PLA flag with a blue stripe at the bottom, representing the sky.
Rocket Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 2016–present Ensign of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force[6][7] The PLA flag with a gold yellow stripe at the bottom, representing the flare of missile launching.
People's Armed Police Flag.svg 2018–present Flag of the People's Armed Police Force[8] The PLA flag with three green bars at the bottom.
Tashanflag.svg ?–present War flag of the Tanshan Hero Group (123rd Heavy Combined Arms Brigade)[9] Red flag with the text "Tanshan Hero Group".

Civil flags

Flag Duration Use Description
中国少年先锋队队旗 (大队旗).svg
中国少年先锋队队旗 (中队旗).svg		 1949–present Flag of Young Pioneers of China[10] Red flag with yellow five-pointed star and torch in the middle.
Flag of the Communist Youth League of China.svg 1922–present Flag of Communist Youth League of China[11] Red flag with encircled yellow five-pointed star.
Flag of the Customs of the People's Republic of China.svg 1950s–present Flag of the Customs of the People's Republic of China[12] The caduceus crossed with a golden key is added to flag of the People's Republic of China.
Flag of China Fire and Rescue.svg 2018–present Flag of the China Fire and Rescue Service[13] Bicolor flag in red and blue with the badge of the China Fire and Rescue Service at the top and the bilingual text "Flag of China Fire and Rescue" at the bottom.
Flag of the People's Police of the People's Republic of China.svg 2020–present Flag of the People's Police of the People's Republic of China[14] Red flag with a blue stripe in the bottom and the badge of the People's Police in the canton.
Flag of the Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China.svg ?–present Flag of the China Maritime Safety Administration
Flag of the National Immigration Administration of PR China.jpg 2021–present Flag of the National Immigration Administration of China[15] Red flag with the organization's logo and a blue wall.
Flag of Inner-Mongolian Autonomous Government.svg 1945–1979[بحاجة لمصدر] Flag of Inner-Mongolian Autonomous Government [16] A red five-pointed star above a hoe and a horse pole that are crossed, symbolizing the unity of farmers and herdsmen in Inner Mongolia to for equal autonomy under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

أعلام المدن

Flag Duration Use الوصف
Flag of the City of Harbin.svg May 1997 – January 1998 Flag of Harbin[17] A white, five-petal flower surrounding a snowflake on a dark green field
Flag of Ningbo (1997).svg 1997 Flag of Ningbo[18]
Nanjing City Flag.webp
 June 1988 – December 1997 Flag of Nanjing[18]
Flag of Kaifeng.gif
 March 2006 – present Flag of Kaifeng[18]
Flag of Shangrao.png
 2009 – present Flag of Shangrao[18]

أعلام سياسية

للمزيد من المعلومات: Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party
Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg 1996–present Flag of the Chinese Communist Party[19] A red flag with a golden Party emblem on it.[19]
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg 1921–1996 Flag of the Chinese Communist Party Communist hammer and sickle.
Plough Flag.svg
Unknown Chinese Communist Flag (1920s?).png		 1927–1964 Flag of the Chinese Peasants' Association Plough flag
中华民国元帅旗.svg 1925–1953 Flag of the China Party for Public Interest Stylized "井" in canton

Flags of Political Groups and Separatist Movements

انظر أيضاً: List of political parties in China, Secession in China, and List of Hong Kong flags § Political flags
Flag Duration Use Description
Young Mao Zedong flag.png 2008–2009 Flag of the Maoist Communist Party of China Red flag featuring a portrait of young Mao Zedong on the top left.
BSAFflag.svg 1989 Flag of the Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation[20] A flag created by students present during the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests.
CSDPflag.svg 2007–present Flag of the China Social Democratic Partyzh
Flag of the Inner Mongolian People's Party.svg 1997–present Flag of the Inner Mongolian People's Party
Flag of Tibet.svg 1959–present Flag of the Central Tibetan Administration Same as the previous flag of Tibet.
Kokbayraq flag.svg 1933–present Kokbayraq flag of the East Turkestan independence movement First adopted as the flag of the First East Turkestan Republic (1933-1934). Now also used by the East Turkistan Government-in-Exile.
Flag of Turkistan Islamic Party.svg 1988–present Flags of the Turkistan Islamic Party

أعلام وطنية مقترحة لجمهورية الصين الشعبية

In July 1949, a contest was announced for a national flag for the newly founded People's Republic of China (PRC). From a total of about 3,000 proposed designs, 38 finalists were chosen. In September, the current flag, submitted by Zeng Liansong, was officially adopted, with the hammer and sickle removed.[21]

مقترحات بديلة

  • Mao Zedong's proposal for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River[22]

    Mao Zedong's proposal for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River[22]

  • Zeng Liansong's original proposal for the PRC flag[23]

    Zeng Liansong's original proposal for the PRC flag[23]

  • Proposal 2 for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River and the Yangtze River

    Proposal 2 for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River and the Yangtze River

  • Proposal 3 for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River

    Proposal 3 for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River

  • Proposal 4 for the PRC flag

    Proposal 4 for the PRC flag


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

مختارات من المقترحات

  • Design by Ai Qing

    Design by Ai Qing

  • Design by Bao Qiquan

    Design by Bao Qiquan

  • Design by Chen Duo

    Design by Chen Duo

  • Design by Chen Lu

    Design by Chen Lu

  • Design by Guo Moruo

    Design by Guo Moruo

  • Design by Guo Moruo

    Design by Guo Moruo

  • Design by Hu Yuanqing

    Design by Hu Yuanqing

  • Design by Jiang Dazhong

    Design by Jiang Dazhong

  • Design by Kang Jian

    Design by Kang Jian

  • Design by Liang Congjie

    Design by Liang Congjie

  • Design by Luo Wen

    Design by Luo Wen

  • Design by Mo Hongshu

    Design by Mo Hongshu

  • Design by Mo Zongjiang

    Design by Mo Zongjiang

  • Design by Pang Xunqin

    Design by Pang Xunqin

  • Design by Wu Yuzhang

    Design by Wu Yuzhang

  • Design by Wu Yuzhang

    Design by Wu Yuzhang

  • Design by Xiao Shufang

    Design by Xiao Shufang

  • Design by Xiao Shufang

    Design by Xiao Shufang

  • Design by Xiao Shuhua

    Design by Xiao Shuhua

  • Design by Xiao Shuhua

    Design by Xiao Shuhua

  • Design by Yan Xinghua

    Design by Yan Xinghua

  • Design by Yang Taiyang

    Design by Yang Taiyang

  • Design by Yang Taiyang

    Design by Yang Taiyang

  • Design by Yu Zhuosheng

    Design by Yu Zhuosheng

  • Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

  • Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

  • Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

  • Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

  • Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling

  • Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling and Zhou Guangyuan

    Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling and Zhou Guangyuan

  • Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling and Zhou Guangyuan

    Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling and Zhou Guangyuan

  • Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling, Zhou Guangyuan and Xiao Shuhua

    Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling, Zhou Guangyuan and Xiao Shuhua

  • Design by Zhu De

    Design by Zhu De

  • Proposed PRC national flags 022.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 023.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 024.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 026.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 031.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 034.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 035.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 036.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 037.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 042.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 044.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 045.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 046.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 047.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 048.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 049.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 050.svg
  • Proposed PRC national flags 051.png
  • Proposed PRC national flags 052.png
  • Proposed PRC national flags 055.png
  • Proposed PRC national flags 056.png

أعلام البيوت

Flag Duration Use Description
House Flag of the China Merchants Group (Since 1984).svg 1984–present House flag of China Merchants Group[24]
House Flag of the China Merchants Group (1951).svg 1951–1984
House Flag of COSCO (1960 - 1993).svg 1960–1993 House flag of COSCO

Historical Communist States

Flag Duration Use Description
Chinese soviet flag.svg 1931–34 Jiangxi Soviet republic flag A red star and hammer and sickle along with Chinese characters for "Chinese Communists" (Zhonggong, 中共) written in classical word order, i.e., read from the right.
National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg 1931–34 Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic[25] Red flag with the national emblem in the center.
Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg 1933–34 Flag of Fujian People's Government A horizontal bicolour of red and blue and charged with a yellow five-pointed star in the center.
Flag of Qiongya Soviet.svg 1928–41 Flag used in Qionghai Sovietzh

Historical Military Flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Northeast Righteous and Brave Army.svg 1931 Flag of the Northeast Righteous and Brave Army[26] Red flag with the text "東北義勇軍" and a star.
Red flag.svg Flag of the Third Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army[27]
1927–1928 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[5] Same as the 1928 version, but the left side reads "工農革命軍" (China Workers'/Peasants' Revolutionary Army). Divisions were added, for example "第二軍第一師" (Second Army, 1st Division).
中國工農紅軍軍旗.svg 1928–1930 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[26] Left side reads "中國工農紅軍" (Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army).
1930 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Same as the 1928 version, but the left side has no characters and the top reads "全世界無產階級聯合起來" ("Proletariats of the world, unite!").
Chinese red army.gif 1930–1931 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[5] Same as April 1930 version but top reads "全世界無產階級及被壓迫民族聯合起來" ("Proletariats and oppressed peoples of the world, unite!").
Chinese Red Army Flag 1931.svg 1931–1934 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[5] Same as 1934 version but with blank white left side and colored fringe around the edges (6 variants – red for infantry, yellow for cavalry, black for artillery, white for engineering, blue for logistics, green for medical).
Second War Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg 1934–1937 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[25]
Flag of the 8th route army.svg 1937–1947 Flag of the Eighth Route Army (18th Group Army)[26] in use by communist forces in the Second United Front during the Second Sino Japanese War National Revolutionary Army unit flag with text "國民革命軍第十八集團軍" (National Revolutionary Army 18th Group Army) on the side.

جمهورية الصين

الأعلام الوطنية

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Republic of China.svg 9 December 1928 – present Flag of the Republic of China[28] Commonly known as "Taiwan". A red field, with a blue canton containing a 12-ray white sun. This flag flew over mainland China until 1949, and is presently flown on the island of Taiwan and other islands under the control of the ROC. This flag can sometimes be seen in Mainland China, for historical and unofficial use.
1950–present Flag of the Republic of China (vertical) Vertical red banner; in the canton, a Blue Sky with a White Sun pointing upward on a blue field.
Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg 1940–1943 Flag of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. Used by the Japanese puppet government until 1943 when the pennant was removed and the regular ROC flag took its place. The pennant reads "Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction".
Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism).svg 1940–1943 Flag of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. Used by the Japanese puppet government until 1943 when the pennant was removed and the regular ROC flag took its place. The pennant reads "Peace, Anti-Communism".
Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, National Construction).svg 1940–1943 Flag of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. Used by the Japanese puppet government until 1943 when the pennant was removed and the regular ROC flag took its place. The pennant reads "Peace, National Construction".
Flag of the Republic of China 1912-1928.svg 1912–1928 First flag of the Republic of China, or "Five-colored flag" It was widely flown even before the Republic of China in Shanghai and eastern parts of north China until 1928. The stripe representation: red for Han Chinese, yellow for Manchus, blue for Mongols, white for Hui and black for Tibetans. Later used by the Japanese puppet states of the East Hebei Autonomous Government, the Chinese Provisional Government and Reformed Government of China.
Flag of the Empire of China (1915–1916).svg 1916 Flag of Empire of China. The version with the red saltire was more commonly used than the version with the red centered cross.
Flag of the Empire of China (1916).svg 1916 Variant flag of Empire of China.
Dahanqi.jpg 1911–1912 Flag used during the 1911 revolution, in de facto independent Sichuan.zh[29]
Baguataiji.jpg 1911–1912 Flag used during the 1911 revolution, in de facto independent Shanxi Provincial Military Government.zh

Standards

Head of state

Flag Duration Use Description
Commander-in-Chief Flag of the Republic of China.svg 1988–present Standard of the president of the Republic of China
Standard of the President of the Republic of China (1929-1988).svg 1929–1988 Old standard of the president of the Republic of China
Commander-in-Chief Flag of the Republic of China (Beiyang Government).svg 1927–1928 Commander-in-chief flag of the Republic of China (Beiyang Government)

Vice president

Flag Duration Use Description
Standard of the Vice President of the Republic of China.svg 1947–1986 Standard of the vice president of the Republic of China Abolished with the Act of Ensign of the Republic of China Navy (海軍旗章條例) on 3 January 1986.

Other high executive officials

Flag Duration Use Description
Republic of China High Executive Officials' Flag.svg 1929–2003 A common flag for all ROC high executive officials

Military flags

Flag Duration Use Description
ROC Ministry of National Defense Flag.svg 1986–present Flag of the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China (Republic of China Armed Forces)[30]
ROC General Chief of Staff of the Ministry of National Defense Flag.svg 1986–present Flag of the Chief of the General Staff (Republic of China Armed Forces)[30]
Republic of China Military Police Flag.svg 1924–present Flag of the Republic of China Military Police
Flag of the Republic of China Reserve Command.svg 1945–present Flag of the Republic of China Armed Forces Reserve[30]
Flag of the Republic of China Combined Service Force.svg 1946–2012 Flag of the Republic of China Joint Logistics Command
Flag of the Taiwan Garrison Command.svg 1945–1992 Flag of the Taiwan Garrison Command

Army

Flag Duration Use Description
Republic of China Army Flag.svg 1924–present Flag of the Republic of China Army (formerly National Revolutionary Army) The Blue Sky with a White Sun with a red border.
ROC Commanding General of Army Flag.svg Flag of the Army commander
ROCA Senior General's Flag.svg Senior General's Flag
ROCA General's Flag.svg General's Flag
ROCA Lieutenant General's Flag.svg Lieutenant General's Flag
ROCA Major General's Flag.svg Major General's Flag
ROCA Colonel's Flag.svg Colonel's Flag
Chinese-army Wuhan flag (1911-1928) 18 dots.svg
Chinese-Army-Wuhan-Flag-1911-1928 dots19.svg		 1911–1928 Flag of the Wuchang uprising; army flag of the Republic of China The banner of the Wuchang uprising of 10 October 1911, subsequently used as the flag of the army of the Republic of China, 1913ح. 1913–28.

Navy

Flag Duration Use Description
Naval ensign
Flag of the Republic of China.svg 1912–present Ensign of the Republic of China Navy
Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (War Ensign).svg 1942–1945 Ensign of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. Used by the Japanese puppet government from 1 May 1942 until the end of the regime.
Naval Ensign of the Republic of China (1911).svg 1911 First Naval Ensign of the Republic of China
Naval jack
Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg 1928–present Naval jack of the Republic of China Navy Identical to the Kuomintang flag (see below).
Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Naval Jack).svg 1940–1945 Naval jack of Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China Used by the Japanese puppet government from 1940 until the end of the regime. The pennant reads "Kuomintang".
Flag of China (1912–1928).svg 1912–1928 Naval jack of the Republic of China Navy
Rank flags
ROC Commanding General of Navy Flag.svg Commanding General of Navy Flag
ROCN Senior Admiral's Flag.svg 1912– Senior Admiral's Flag
ROCN Admiral's Flag.svg 1912– Admiral's Flag
ROCN Vice Admiral's Flag.svg 1912– Vice Admiral's Flag
ROCN Rear Admiral's Flag.svg 1912– Rear Admiral's Flag
ROCN Captain's Flag.svg Captain's Flag
ROCN Senior Officer's Flag.svg 1912– Flag of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Eight Banners
ROCN Battle Fleet Leader's Pennant.svg 1924– Battle Fleet Leader's Pennant
ROCN Navigating Battle Ship Pennant.svg 1962– Navigating Battle Ship Pennant
ROCN Commission Pennant.svg 1924– Commission Pennant
ROCN Duty Ship Pennant.svg 1912– Duty Pennant
ROCN Unit Flag.svg 1986– ROCN Unit Flag

Air Force

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Republic of China Air Force.svg 1981–present Flag of the Republic of China Air Force
Republic of China Air Forces Flag (1948).svg 1948–1981 Old flag of the Republic of China Air Force
Republic of China Air Forces Flag (1937).svg 1937–1948 Old flag of the Republic of China Air Force
ROC Commanding General of Air Force Flag.svg Commanding General of Air Force Flag
ROCAF Senior General's Flag.svg Senior General's Flag
ROCAF General's Flag.svg General's Flag
ROCAF Lieutenant General's Flag.svg Lieutenant General's Flag
ROCAF Major General's Flag.svg Major General's Flag
ROCAF Colonel's Flag.svg Colonel's Flag
ROCAF Unit Flag.svg 1986–present Air force units flag model
ROCAF Unit Flag (1981).svg 1981-1986
ROCAF Unit Flag (1962).svg 1962-1981
ROCAF Unit Flag (1958).svg 1958-1962
ROCAF Unit Flag (1948).svg 1948-1958

Marine Corps

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Republic of China Marine Corps.svg Flag of the Republic of China Marine Corps
ROCMC General's Flag.svg General's Flag
ROCMC Lieutenant General's Flag.svg Lieutenant General's Flag
ROCMC Major General's Flag.svg Major General's Flag
ROCMC Colonel's Flag.svg Colonel's Flag
ROCMC Unit Flag.svg Republic of China Marine Corps Unit Flag In use since 1986

Combined Logistics Command

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Republic of China Combined Service Force.svg 1973–2012 Flag of the Republic of China Combined Service Force
Republic of China Combined Service Force Flag-1964.svg 1964–1979
Republic of China Combined Service Force Flag-1960.svg 1960–1964
Republic of China Combined Service Force Flag-1958.svg 1958–1960
Republic of China Combined Service Force Flag-1956.svg 1956–1958
Republic of China Combined Service Force Flag-1952.svg 1952–1956

National Defense University

Flag Duration Use Description
ROC NDU War College Flag.svg 2014–present Banner of the Military College of the National Defense University
ROC NDU Army Command and Staff College Flag.svg 2014–present The banner of the Military College of Command and Staff of the National Defense University
ROC NDU Naval Command and Staff College Flag.svg 2014–present Naval Command and Staff College Flag
ROC NDU Air Command and Staff College Flag.svg 2014–present Air Command and Staff College Flag
ROC National Defense Medical Center Flag.svg 2014–present National Defense Medical Center Flag
ROC NDU Fu Hsing Kang College Flag.svg 2014–present Flag of Fu Hsing Kang College
ROC NDU Chung Cheng Institute of Technology Flag.svg 2014–present Chung Cheng Institute of Technology Flag
ROC NDU Management College Flag.svg 2014–present Flag of the Higher School of Management of the National Defense University
ROC National Defense University Flag.svg 2000-2014 Old banner of the Military College of the National Defense University
ROC Tri-service University Flag.svg 1968-2000 Old flag of the National Defense University

Coast Guard Administration

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Coast Guard Administration of the Republic of China.svg 2000–present Flag of the Coast Guard Administration of the Republic of China
Flag of the Minister of Coast Guard of the Republic of China.svg 2000–present Flag of the Minister of Coast Guard of the Republic of China
Flag of the Director of Coast Guard of the Republic of China.svg 2000–present Flag of the Director of Coast Guard of the Republic of China
Flag of the Nansha Commander of Coast Guard of the Republic of China.svg 2000–present Flag of the Nansha Commander of Coast Guard of the Republic of China
Flag of the Director General of Coast Guard of the Republic of China.svg 2000–present Flag of the Director General of Coast Guard of the Republic of China
Unit Flag of Coast Guard of ROC.svg 2000–present Unit Flag of Coast Guard of Republic of China
Ensign of Coastal Defense of Republic of China (1925-1928).svg 1925–1928 Ensign of Coastal Defense of Republic of China

Police

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of police of the Republic of China.svg 1974–present Flag of police of the Republic of China
Flag of police of the Republic of China (1947).svg 1947–1974 Flag of police of the Republic of China Flag of the Republic of China defaced with the golden pigeon in the fly.
Flag of police of the Republic of China (1932).svg 1932–1947 Flag of police of the Republic of China.
Flag of police of the Republic of China (1912).svg 1912–1928 Flag of police of the Republic of China
Flag of NPA.svg 1974–present Flag of National Police Agency
ROC Central Police University Flag.svg 1974–present Flag of Central Police University
Unit Flag of Volunteer Police of ROC.svg 1974–present Flag of Volunteer Police of the Republic of China
Flag of Director-General of ROC Police.svg 1974–present Flag of Director-General of ROC Police
Flag of Commissioner of Direct-controlled municipality of ROC Police.svg 1974–present Flag of Commissioner of Direct-controlled municipality of ROC Police
ROC County Guard Flag (1932-1949).svg 1932–1949 Flag of Voluntary Police of the Republic of China

Water Police

Flag Duration Use Description
Ensign of the Chinese Water Police.svg 1928–1949 Ensign of the Chinese Water Police
Ensign of the Chinese Water Police (1912).svg 1912–1928 Ensign of the Chinese Water Police

Fire Service

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of fire service of the Republic of China.svg 1996–present Flag of fire service of the Republic of China
Unit Flag of Fire Service of ROC.svg 1996–present Unit Flag of Fire Service

Rescue aviation

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of national airborne service of the Republic of China.svg 2005–present Flag of the National Airborne Service Corps

Ministries

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Sports Administration, MOE 20191119.svg Flag of the Sports Administration
ROC Ministry of Transportation and Communications Flag.svg Flag of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications
Flag of Ministry of Education ROC.svg Flag of the Ministry of Education
ROC Ministry of Finance Flag.svg 2014–present Flag of the Ministry of Finance
Flag of Minister of Finance of ROC.svg 1950–2014 Previously used as flag of the Inspector-General of Customs during 1929–50. Green background with yellow saltire superimposed by "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag.
ROC Ministry of Health and Welfare Flag.svg Flag of the Ministry of Health and Welfare

Councils

Flag Duration Use Description
原能會會旗(新LOGO)2-01.png Flag of the Atomic Energy Council
ROC Veterans Affairs Council Flag.svg Flag of the Veterans Affairs Council
ROC Overseas Community Affairs Council Flag.svg Flag of the Overseas Community Affairs Council
ROC National Communications Commission Flag.svg Flag of the National Communications Commission
ROC National Development Council Flag.svg Flag of the National Development Council

Agency

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau of the Republic of China.svg Flag of Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau of the Republic of China
Flag of Civil Aeronautics Administration of the Republic of China.svg Flag of Civil Aeronautics Administration of the Republic of China
Flag of Bureau of High Speed Rail of the Republic of China.svg Flag of Bureau of High Speed Rail of the Republic of China
Flag of Taiwan Area National Expressway Engineering Bureau of the Republic of China.svg Flag of Taiwan Area National Expressway Engineering Bureau, MOTC, Republic of China
Flag of Institute of Transportation of the Republic of China.svg Flag of Institute of Transportation of the Republic of China
Flag of Maritime and Port Bureau of the Republic of China.svg 2014–present Flag of Maritime and Port Bureau of the Republic of China
Flag of National Immigration Agency of the Republic of China.svg 2007–present Flag of National Immigration Agency of the Republic of China

Civil and Merchant Ensign

Flag Duration Use Description
Civil Ensign of the Republic of China.svg 1929–1966 Civil Ensign of the Republic of China Four serrated yellow stripes are added to the flag of the Republic of China for use as a civil ensign at sea. Present civil ensign is national flag.
Ensign of Chinese Fishery Patrol & Fishery Investigation Test Vessels (1935).svg 1935 – around 1949 Ensign of Chinese Fishery Patrol & Fishery Investigation Test Vessels

Postal flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Postal Ensign of the Republic of China.svg 1946– Postal Ensign of the Republic of China
Postal Ensign of China (1929- 1935).svg 1929–1935 Postal ensign of China The "Blue Sky with a White Sun" was placed in the canton.
Postal Ensign of China (1919-1929).svg 1919–1929 Postal ensign of China White flag with the Five-colored flag in the canton, bilingual text "Postes" in the lower hoist quarter, and a greylag goose in the fly half.

Chinese Maritime Customs Service

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Republic of China Customs Office.svg 1977–present Customs flag
Flag of Director General of Customs of ROC.svg 1977–present Flag of Director General of Customs
Flag of Minister of Finance of ROC.svg 1929–1950 Flag of the Inspector-General, 1929–1950 and is still used by the ROC Minister of Finance until 2014 Green background with yellow saltire superimposed by "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag.
Ensign of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service.svg 1931–1950 (In use by vessels until 1976) Ensign of Chinese Customs (Nanking Government)
Ensign of Chinese Customs (1929-1931).svg 1929–1931 Ensign of Chinese Customs (Nanking Government)
Ensign of Chinese Customs (Beiyang Government).svg 1911–1928 Ensign of Chinese Customs (Beiyang Government)

Salt Administration

Flag Duration Use Description
Ensign of the Chinese Salt Administration.svg 1929–1949 Ensign of the Chinese Salt Administration
Ensign of the Chinese Salt Administration (1912-1929).svg 1912–1929

Yacht Club Ensign

Flag Duration Use Description
Civil Ensign of the Republic of China.svg 1966–present Yacht Club Ensign of the Republic of China Four serrated yellow stripes are added to the flag of the Republic of China for use as a yacht club ensign. Previously used as civil ensign during 1928–66.
1966–present Yacht Club Burgee of the Republic of China The Blue Sky with a White Sun in a burgee (pennant) form.

Sporting flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games.svg 1979– Chinese Taipei Olympic flag The ROC is recognized as "Chinese Taipei" in the Olympics, due to the political status of Taiwan.
Chinese Taipei Paralympic Flag.svg 2019– Flag of Chinese Taipei used in the Paralympic Games
Flag of Chinese Taipei for Deaf.svg Flag of Chinese Taipei used in the Deaflympics
Flag of Chinese Taipei for Universiade.svg Flag of Chinese Taipei used in the Universiade
Chinese Taipei Volleyball Flag.svg Chinese Taipei volleyball flag
Chinese Taipei esports flag.svg Chinese Taipei esports flag
Chinese Taipei Paralympic Flag (2004-2019).svg 2004–2019 Chinese Taipei Paralympic Flag
Chinese Taipei Paralympic Flag (pre-2004).svg pre-2004 Chinese Taipei Paralympic Flag
Former Chinese Taipei Football Flag.svg Former Chinese Taipei Football Flag

City and county flags

As of 18 November 1997, the Chinese Government banned localities from making and using local flags and emblems.[31] Despite the ban, some cities have adopted their own flag that often includes their local emblem as shown below. The ROC-controlled areas continues to use the respective flags.

Provinces

The PRC-controlled mainland does not have provincial flags, but the ROC-controlled area has a flag for one of its two provinces.

Flag Duration Use Description
Taiwan Province Flag.svg Taiwan Province
Flag Administrative division Adopted Description
Kaohsiung flag.svg Kaohsiung City in Taiwan.svg Kaohsiung City 2010–present Stylized "高". The colors symbolize sunshine, vitality, environmental protection, and the ocean.[32]
Flag of New Taipei City.svg New Taipei City in Taiwan.svg New Taipei City 2010–present Stylized "北" in the form of four hearts arranged to resemble a four-leaf clover.
Taichung City flag.svg Taichung City in Taiwan.svg Taichung City 2008–present
Flag of Tainan City.svg Tainan City in Taiwan.svg Tainan City 2010–present
Flag of Taipei City.svg Taipei City in Taiwan.svg Taipei City 2010–present
Flag of Taoyuan County.svg Taoyuan City in Taiwan.svg Taoyuan City 2014–present
Chiayi City flag.svg Chiayi City in Taiwan.svg Chiayi City
Hsinchu City flag.svg Hsinchu City in Taiwan.svg Hsinchu City
Flag of Keelung City.svg Keelung City in Taiwan.svg Keelung City
Flag of Changhua County.svg Changhua County in Taiwan.svg Changhua County
Chiayi County flag.svg Chiayi County in Taiwan.svg Chiayi County
Hsinchu County flag.svg Hsinchu County in Taiwan.svg Hsinchu County
Flag of Hualien County.svg Hualien County in Taiwan.svg Hualien County
ملف:Kinmen County flag.svg Kinmen County in Taiwan (special marker).svg Kinmen County
Lienchiang County flag.svg Lienchiang County in Taiwan (special marker).svg Lienchiang County
Miaoli County flag.svg Miaoli County in Taiwan.svg Miaoli County
Flag of Nantou County.svg Nantou County in Taiwan.svg Nantou County
Flag of Penghu County.svg Penghu County in Taiwan (special marker).svg Penghu County
Pingtung County flag.svg Pingtung County in Taiwan.svg Pingtung County
Taitung County flag.svg Taitung County in Taiwan.svg Taitung County
Flag of Yilan County.svg Yilan County in Taiwan.svg Yilan County
Yunlin County flag.svg Yunlin County in Taiwan.svg Yunlin County

History

Flag Duration Use Description
Kunming-China-ROC-Flag-(1922-1949).png 1922–1949 Flag of Kunming[33] The flag features the former city emblem which consists of two intersecting red circles which represent the harmony of sun and moon, as well as western and eastern ideas. In the middle is a golden stylized symbol of a 市 character.
Flag of Taipei City 1981-2010.svg 1981–2010 Old flag of Taipei City Previous flag used by Taipei City, with its seal on top of 16 horizontal stripes of white and blue.
Flag of Taipei County (1999-2006).svg 1999–2006 Old flag of New Taipei City
Flag of Taipei County (before 1999).svg 1980s–1999 Old flag of New Taipei City
Taipei County Flag.svg 2006–2010 Old flag of New Taipei City
Flag of Hsinchu County (Before 2019).svg ?–2010
2018–2019		 Old flag of Hsinchu County
Flag of Hsinchu County (2010-2019).png 2010–2018 Old flag of Hsinchu County
Taichung County Flag.svg 1951–2010 Old flag of Taichung County
Flag of Tainan City (1978-2010).svg 1978–2010 Old flag of Tainan City
Tainan County Flag.svg ?–2010 Old flag of Tainan County
Flag of Kaohsiung City (1974-2009).svg 1974–2009 Old flag of Kaohsiung City
Flag of Kaohsiung County (before 1999).svg ?–1999 Old flag of Kaohsiung County
Flag of Kaohsiung County.svg 1999–2010 Old flag of Kaohsiung County
Taitung County Flag (before 2015).svg 1984–2014 Old flag of Taitung County

University flags

Flag Duration Use Description
中國大學校旗2.jpg unknown Flag of the University of China
SJTU Flag 1928.svg 1928–? Flag of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Political flags

Flag Duration Use Description
current
Link to file 2017–present Flag of Taiwan People's Communist Party
Flag of Taiwan Civil Government.png 2007–present Flag of Taiwan Civil Governmentzh
Flag of Hakka Party.png 2006–present Flag of Hakka Party
Flag of Sovereign State for Formosa & Pescadores Party.png 2006–present Flag of Sovereign State for Formosa & Pescadores Partyzh
Link to file 2005–present Flag of Taiwan Independent Unionzh
Link to file 2004–present Flag of Non-Partisan Solidarity Union
台灣工黨黨旗.svg 2003–present Flag of Taiwan Labor Partyzh[34]
People First Party flag.svg 2000–present Flag of People First Party
Taiwannewparty.svg 1993–present Flag of New Party
Flag of the Chinese Concentric Patriotism Alliance (Party).svg 2010s–present Flag of the Patriot Alliance Association
1993–present
Labor Party (Taiwan) flag.svg 1989–present Flag of Labor Party Red flag with green pile reversed and yellow star
Link to file 1989–present Flag of Chinese People's Party
Link to file 1986–present Flag of Democratic Progressive Party
Flag of Matsu DPP Chapter.svg ?–present Flag of Democratic Progressive Party ward on the Matsu Islands
WUFI Flag.svg 1970–present Flag of World United Formosans for Independence
Flag of Chinese Youth Party.svg 1923–present Flag of Chinese Youth Party
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg 1921–1949 Flag of the Chinese Communist Party Communist hammer and sickle. Used by the CPC during the Republic of China era.
Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg 1895–present Flag of Kuomintang Blue Sky with a White Sun
former
國會政黨聯盟黨旗.svg 2018–2020 Flag of Congress Party Alliance
MCFAP for WIKI.png 2014–2020 Flag of Alliance of military personnel, officials and teacherszh
Red party flag.svg 2007–2019 Flag of Home Party
TMGROCFlag.svg 2018–2019 Flag of the Taiwan Military (Junta) Government, a self-declared government led by Gao Anguo.zh
Flag of Minkuotang.svg 2015–2019 Flag of Minkuotang
Flag of the Taiwan Democratic Communist Party.svg 2009–2020 Flag of Taiwan Democratic Communist Party
Link to file 2007–2019 Flag of Taiwan Farmers' Party
Link to file 1996–2020 Flag of Taiwan Independence Party
Link to file 1994–2020 Flag of Taiwan Communist Party
中華社會民主黨黨旗.svg 1991–2020 Flag of Chinese Social Democratic Partyzh
Flag of CDSP.svg 1946–2020 China Democratic Socialist Party flag Stylized "井" in center
Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg 1933–1934 Flag of the Productive People's Party
Flag of Taiwanese People's Party (1929-1931).svg 1929–1931 Flag of Taiwanese People's Party (Active in Japanese Taiwan)
Flag of Taiwanese People's Party (1929).svg 1929 Influences: Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg
Flag of Kwangtung Peasants' Association.svg 1925–? Flag of Guangdong Peasants' Association Chinese national flag charged with yellow plough in fly.
Flag of Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party.png 1925–1946 Flag of the Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
Flag of China (1889–1912).svg 1911–? Flag of the Royalist Party National flag (1889–1912)
Single Color Flag - F8E854.svg 19th–20th century Flag of the Yellow Sand Society Solid yellow flag

Cultural flags

Flag Duration Use Description
达悟族旗帜.svg 2018–present Flag of Tao people A white flag with the traditional "boat's eye" symbol and traditional triangular ornaments on the top and bottom.[35]
2017–present Flag of Rukai people The "Lily Flag" composed of three colors: red, yellow and green, representing hope, love and peace. The lilies and eagle feathers represent the purity and fairness of the Rukai tribe, was designed by Jin Shaohua.[36]
台中市原住民旗.svg 2017–present Flag of Taiwanese indigenous peoples in Taichung
阿米斯音乐节旗.svg 2016–present "National flag" of Amis people in the Amis Music Festival.[37][38]
马兰阿美旗帜.svg ?–present Flag of Amis people in Taidong (Falangaw tribezh)
原權會會旗.svg 1984–1998 Flag of Taiwan Association for the Promotion of Aboriginal Rightszh

Proposed flags

Republic of China

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Republic of China (draft 1).svg 1906 Teo Eng Hock and his wife's proposal 1 for the ROC flag
Flag of the Republic of China (draft 2).svg 1906 Proposal 2 for the ROC flag
Flag of the Republic of China Army.svg 1906 Proposal 3 for the ROC flag, later adopted as the flag of the Republic of China Army
中华民国元帅旗.svg 1906 Proposal 4 for the ROC flag, later adopted as the flag of the China Zhi Gong Party
中华民国副元帅旗.svg 1906 Proposal 5 for the ROC flag, later used as the flag of the marshall in Beiyang government

Taiwan Independence Movement

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Blue Ground White Sun and Moon.svg 1955 Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government Proposal
Flag of Taiwan proposed 1996.svg 1994 Donald Liu's Proposal
908台灣國運動.svg 2005 908 Taiwan Republic Campaign's Proposal
Flag of World Taiwanese Congress.svg 2013 World Taiwanese Congress Proposal
Proposed flag of Taiwan the Formosa.svg 2016 "Taiwan the Formosa" by Chih-Hao Chen

Railway flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Railways Ensign of the Republic of China.svg Railways Ensign of the Republic of China Also the flag of the Taiwan Railways Administration.
ROC Railway Flag (1919).svg 1919–? Railways Ensign of China

House flags

Flag Duration Use Description
House Flag of the China Merchants Group (1942 - 1951).svg 1942–1972 House flag of China Merchants Group[39]
House Flag of the China Merchants Group (1873 - 1942).svg 1873–1942

Association flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Emblem of Sanqingtuan.svg 1938–1947 Flag of Three Principles of the People Youth League
Flag of China Youth Corps.svg 1952–present Flag of China Youth Corps[40]
Flag of the Red Wheel.svg 1937–present Flag of Red Swastika Society
Flag of China Sailors' Union.png Flag of China Sailor's Union

Warlords

Flag Duration Use Description
中華伊斯蘭共和國國旗.svg 1950–1958 Flag probably used in the Kuomintang Islamic insurgency by Hui nationalists
Ma Clique Flag.png 1919–1928 Flag allegedly used by the Ma family in Ningxia, Qinghai and Gansu.
Flag of Xinjiang-Shicai 2.svg 1942–1944 Flag of Xinjiang Used by Sheng Shicai's provincial government in Xinjiang until 1944.
Flag of Xinjiang-Shicai.svg 1933–1942 Flag of Xinjiang Used by Sheng Shicai's provincial government in Xinjiang until 1942.
Flag of Tunganistan.svg 1934–1937 Alleged flag of Tunganistan.
Tungani General, Khotan.jpg 1934–1937 Unidentified flags associated with the existence of Tunganistan.
KVZHD 1929 01.jpg 1929 Flag used by Zhang Xueliang's troops Captured by Soviet soldiers in 1929.
Renflag.jpg 1911 Flag used by the rebel force in Xinhai Revolution in Anqing
Redorangeflag.jpg 1911 Flag used by the rebel force in Xinhai Revolution in Changsha
中华民国元帅旗.svg 1911 Flag used by the army led by Chen Jiongming
Single Color Flag - FFFFFF.svg 1911 Flag used by the rebel force in Xinhai Revolution in Zhejiang
Zhongflag.jpg 1911 Flag after the victory of the Kunming uprising
Hanflag.jpg 1911 Flag used by the Qing royalist force in Xinhai Revolution in Gejiu

Pre-Qing States

Standards

Flag Duration Use Description
Pre-Qing Ancient Imperial Chinese Banner.webp 1046 BC-1912 AD The Great Chang Banner 12 dragons and 24 clouds on a golden field and 2 dragons with a constelation and 2 clouds holding the sun and moon. also called Banner of Celestial Bodies, This banner reigns supreme among other banners specified in the Zhou Dynasty's ritual system (which was still adopted and implemented by later dynasties. The "great" part is written either 太(tai) or 大(da), but their meanings are essentially identical.

Qing dynasty and other pre-1912 states

National flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg 1862–90 Flag of the Qing Dynasty Naval flag and quasi-national flag on international occasions.
Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1889).svg 1862–1890 Used on Qing Dynasty naval ships for identification Same as national flag

Standards

Flag Duration Use Description
Imperial standard of the Qing Emperor.svg 1862–1912 Standard of the Qing Emperor Azure Dragon on a plain right triangle yellow field with the red sun of the three-legged crow in the upper left corner.

Military flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Green Standard Army.svg 1644–1912 Flag of the Green Standard Army Flag of the Green Standard Army. A green recolouring of the Imperial Standard of the Qing Emperor.
Bordered Yellow Banner.svg 1615–1911 Flag of the Bordered Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners The Eight Banners was created in the early 17th century by Nurhaci to unify the Jurchen people into the Manchu dynasty. The first three banners were under the direct command of the Emperor himself.
Plain Yellow Banner.svg 1615–1911 Flag of the Plain Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners
Plain White Banner.svg 1615–1911 Flag of the Plain White Banner of the Eight Banners
Plain Red Banner.svg 1615–1911 Flag of the Plain Red Banner of the Eight Banners
Bordered White Banner.svg 1615–1911 Flag of the Bordered White Banner of the Eight Banners
Bordered Red Banner.svg 1615–1911 Flag of the Bordered Red Banner of the Eight Banners
Plain Blue Banner.svg 1615–1911 Flag of the Plain Blue Banner of the Eight Banners
Bordered Blue Banner.svg 1615–1911 Flag of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Eight Banners

Navy

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg 1890–1912 The flag of the Qing Imperial Chinese Navy Square version of above flag
Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1889).svg 1862–1890 Used on Qing Dynasty naval ships for identification Same as national flag
Imperial Chinese Navy Secretary's Flag (1909-1911).svg 1909–1911 Flag for the Imperial Chinese Navy Secretary.[41]
Imperial Chinese Navy Admiral's Flag (1909-1911).svg 1909–1911 The flag of the Admiral of the Beiyang Fleet from 1909 to 1911.[41]
Imperial Chinese Navy Vice Admiral's Flag (1909-1911).svg 1909–1911 Command flag for Imperial Chinese Navy Vice Admiral.[41]
Imperial Chinese Navy Rear Admiral's Flag (1909-1911).svg 1909–1911 Command flag for Imperial Chinese Navy Rear Admiral.[41]
Imperial Chinese Navy Senior Officer's Flag (1909-1911).svg 1909–1911 Command flag for Imperial Chinese Navy Commodore.[41]
Imperial Chinese Navy Fleet Leader's Flag (1909-1911).svg 1909–1911 Command flag for Imperial Chinese Navy Senior Officer's/Fleet Leader.[41]
Imperial Chinese Navy Duty Ship Pennant (1909-1911).svg 1909–1911 Imperial Chinese Navy Duty Ship Pennant.[41]
Imperial Chinese Navy Commission Pennant (1909-1911).svg 1909–1911 Imperial Chinese Navy Commission Pennant.[41]
Flag of the Admiral of the Beiyang Fleet.svg 1890–1909 The flag of the Admiral of the Beiyang Fleet from 1890 to 1909.
Flag of Fleet Commander of the Beiyang Fleet.svg 1874–1890 The flag of the Admiral of the Beiyang Fleet from 1874 to 1890.
Flag of the Commander of Minelayers of Beiyang Fleet (1890-1909).svg 1890–1909 Flag of the Commander (Tongling) of Torpedo Boats
Flag of Provincial Commander-in-Chief of Beiyang Fleet.svg 1905–1909 Flag of Provincial Commander-in-Chief of Beiyang Fleet
Flag of Commodore of Beiyang Fleet (1890-1909).svg 1890-1909 Flag of Commodore of Beiyang Fleet
Flag of High-ranking Official of Beiyang Fleet.svg 1905–1909 Flag of High-ranking Official of Beiyang Fleet
Flag of Deputy Commanders of the Beiyang Fleet.svg 1905–1909 Officer (Junguan) of the Beiyang Fleet
Imperial Chinese Navy Admiral's Flag (1905-1909).svg 1905–1909 Flag of Minister of the Navy, or Admiral (de jure, probably not used)
Imperial Chinese Navy Fleet Commander's Flag (1905-1909).svg 1905–1909 Flag of the Admiral and Fleet Commander, or Vice Admiral (de jure, probably not used)
Imperial Chinese Navy Squadron Commander's Flag (1905-1909).svg 1905–1909 Flag of the Admiral and Squadron Commander, or Rear Admiral (de jure, probably not used)
Imperial Chinese Navy Commodore's Flag (1905-1909).svg 1905–1909 Flag of the Commodore, or Commodore First Class (de jure, probably not used)
Proposed Imperial Chinese Navy 2nd Commodore's Flag (1890).svg 1890–1909 Flag of the Leader (Duizhang), or Commodore Second Class
Proposed
Proposed Ensign of Qing Navy 1863.svg Proposed in 1863 Proposed in 1863 ensign of Qing Navy
Proposed Commission Pennant of Qing Navy 1863.svg Proposed in 1863 Proposed in 1863 Commission Pennant of Qing Navy
Other
Chinese junk pennant RMG L0186.tiff
Chinese junk pennant RMG L0184.jpg		 Junk pennants In addition to the typical flags, some Qing ships also used individual silk pennants. The two pictures provided here are examples only.

Chinese Maritime Customs Service

Flag Duration Use Description
Ensign of Chinese Customs (Qing Dynasty).svg 1860s–1931 Ensign of Chinese Customs

House flags

Flag Duration Use Description
House Flag of the China Merchants Group (1873 - 1942).svg 1873–1942 House flag of China Merchants Group
招商局雙魚旗.svg 1872–1873[24]

Flags of localized regimes

Flag Duration Use Description
Yihetuan flag.svg 1890s–1901 Flag of the Yihetuan Flag used by the Yihetuan during the Boxer Rebellion. A red flag with a black square with a red inscribed 令 character, inspired by the flag of the Black Flag Army.
Black Flag Army Flag.svg 1860s–1885 Flag of the Black Flag Army Flag of the Black Flag Army, a Chinese-Vietnamese army and guerrilla force that fought against the French in the Sino-French War. A black flag with a white 令 character.
Flag of Formosa 1895.svg 1895 Flag of the Republic of Formosa[42] Tiger on a plain blue filed with azure clouds below it.
Flag of Zheltuga Republic.svg 1883 Flag used by gold miners in so-called Zheltuga Republic Flag of the Zheltuga Republic as seen on the photograph and as written in the description ("black and yellow" flag "symbolizing the union of land and gold".
Flag of Yettishar (1873-1877).svg 1873–1877 Flag of Yettishar Used by Yettishar until 1877.
Flag of Yettishar (1865-1873).svg 1865–1873 Flag of Yettishar Used by Yettishar until 1873.
Seal of Du Wenxiuu of Pingnan Guo (1864-1873).svg 1856–1873 Flag of Pingnan Guo
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Banner.svg 1851–1864 Flag of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Used by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom until 1864.
Flag of Ming Cheng.svg 1661–1683 Flag of the Kingdom of Tungning The Chinese character "鄭" in a red circle outline on a plain white field.
Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg 1624–1668 Flag of the Dutch Formosa Flag of the Dutch East India Company
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg 1626–1642 Flag of the Spanish Formosa Cross of Burgundy
Flag of Chagatai Khanate.svg ? Flag of the Chagatai Khanate Gold square in the middle of a white banner, as depicted in the Catalan Atlas.

Flags of the Chinese Pirates

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag or hanging depicting Ziwei Dadi RMG D5453.tiff c. 1849 Reputedly the flag of the Chinese pirate Shap-ng-tsai or decoration confused with the ensign. The flag is painted with a depiction of Zhang Daoling (34–156 AD), founder of Daoism as a religion in China. He is seated on a rock holding a Bagua (a symbol of Daoism) with a tiger or qilin behind him. A border of bats runs down the fly edge (a symbol of good luck).[43]

Banners described by Wujing Zongyao

Banners described by Jixiao Xinshu

Banners described by Wubei Zhi

Banners present in old paintings

مانشوكو

المقالة الرئيسية: علم مانشوكو

العلم الوطني

Flag Duration Use الوصف
Flag of Manchukuo.svg 1932–1945 Flag of Manchukuo A yellow field with the red, blue, white, and black stripes of the first flag of the Republic of China (see above) in the canton.

الرايات

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Emperor of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 Imperial standard of the Emperor of Manchukuo. Used by the Emperor of Manchukuo.

Manchukuo Imperial Army and Navy

Flag Duration Use Description
War Ensign of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 War ensign of Manchukuo. Used by the Manchukuo Imperial Army.
Flag of the Minister of Defence of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 Flag of Navy Minister of Manchukuo
Flag of admiral of the Navy of Manchukuo (1932–1935).svg 1932–1935 Flag of admiral of the Navy
Flag of admiral of the Navy of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 Flag of admiral of the Navy
Flag of vice admiral of the Navy of Manchukuo (1932–1935).svg 1932–1935 Flag of vice admiral of the Navy
Flag of viceadmiral of the Navy of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 Flag of vice admiral of the Navy
Flag of rear admiral of the Navy of Manchukuo (1932–1935).svg 1932–1935 Flag of rear admiral of the Navy
Flag of rear admiral of the Navy of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 Flag of rear admiral of the Navy
Flag of commander of the Navy of Manchukuo.svg 1932–1935 Flag of 1st class commodore of the Navy
Flag of commodore of the Navy of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 Flag of 1st class commodore of the Navy
Flag of commander of the Navy of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 Flag of commander (2nd class commodore) of the Navy
Flag of superior commander of the Navy of Manchukuo.svg 1935–1945 Flag of superior commander of the Navy

Government flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Manchukuo Marine Office.svg 1935–1945 Flag of the Manchukuo Shipping Office. Used by the Manchukuo Shipping Office.
Flag of Manchukuo Coast Guard.svg 1935–1945 Flag of the Manchukuo Coast Guard. Used by the Manchukuo Coast Guard.
Flag of Manchukuo Marine Transport.svg 1935–1945 Flag of Manchukuo Marine Transport.

Police flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Manchukuo Marine Police.svg 1932–1945 Flag of the Manchukuo Marine Police Used by the Manchukuo Marine Police.
Flag of Chief of Civil Administration of Manchukuo.svg 1932–1945 Flag of the Chief of Civil Administration
Flag of Chief of Police Civil Administration of Manchukuo.svg 1932–1945 Flag of the Chief of Police Civil Administration Used by the Manchukuo Marine Police.
Flag of Chief of Marine Police of Manchukuo.svg 1932–1945 Flag of the Chief of Marine Police
Flag of Marine Police Senior Officer at Present Afloat of Manchukuo.svg 1932–1945 Flag of the Marine Police Senior Officer at Present Afloat

Political flags

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Concordia Association.svg 1931–1945 Flag of the Concordia Association. Used by the Concordia Association of Manchukuo. Contains the Chinese characters 協和.
Flag of Russian Fascist Party.svg 1931–1943 Flag of the Russian Fascist Party. Minor Russian émigré movement that was based in Manchukuo.

Other

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Manchukuo Postflag.svg 1932–1945 Flag of the Manchukuo Post Postal flag of Manchukuo.
Flag of Boy Scouts of Manchukuo.svg 1932–1945 Flag of the Boy Scouts of Manchukuo. Used by the Boy Scouts of Manchukuo.
Flag of South Manchuria Railway Company.svg 1906–1945 Flag of the South Manchuria Railway.

Other Japanese puppet states

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Dadao Municipal Government of Shanghai.svg 1937–1938 Flag of the Great Way Government.
Flag of Shinminkai.png 1943 Flag of the New Peoples' Society. zh (New People's Society) (新民會, "Xinminhui"), a collaborationist, quasi-political-party organization in northern China under Japanese occupation.
Flag of China (1912–1928).svg 1938–1940 Flag of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China.
Flag of Mongol Military Government (1936-1937).svg 1936–1939 Flag of the Mongol Military Government, which became the Flag of the Mongol United Autonomous Government in 1937. A vertical pattern of red, yellow, white as a canton on a blue field.
Flag of the Mongol United Autonomous Government as described by The Airpost Journal (reconstruction).svg 1937 Flag of the Mongol United Autonomous Government (alternate reconstruction). Reconstruction of the flag of the Mongol United Autonomous Government based on The Airpost Journal's description. It mentions "a square of horizontal red, yellow, white and black stripes".[44]
Flag of Chanan.svg 1938–1939 Flag of the South Chahar Autonomous Government, also known as Chanan. Later merged with the Mongol United Autonomous Government and Jinbei to create Mengjiang A vertical pattern of red, white, blue as a canton on a yellow field.
Flag of Jinbei.svg 1938–1939 Flag of the North Shanxi Autonomous Government, also known as Jinbei. Later merged with the Mongol United Autonomous Government and Chanan to create Mengjiang A vertical pattern of red, blue, white as a canton on a yellow field.
Flag of the Mengjiang.svg 1939–1945 Flag of Mengjiang A horizontal pattern of yellow, blue, white, red, white, blue, and yellow again.

Taiwan

Flag Duration Use Description
Postal Flag of Japanese Taiwan (1916-1945).svg 1916–1945 Postal Flags of Japanese Taiwan
Postal Flag of Japanese Taiwan (1898-1916).svg 1898–1916
Flag of police of Japanese Taiwan (1901-1945).svg 1901–1945 Police flags of Japanese Taiwan
Flag of police of Japanese Taiwan (1897-1901).svg 1897–1901
Ensign of Export-import Plant Inspection Vessel of Japanese Taiwan (1929-1945).svg 1929–1945 Ensign of Export-import Plant Inspection Vessel of Japanese Taiwan
Ensign of Traffic Bureau Maritime Office Vessel of Japanese Taiwan (1936-1945).svg 1936–1945 Ensign of Traffic Bureau Maritime Office Vessel of Japanese Taiwan
Flag of Japanese Taiwan Power Company.svg ?-1945 Flag of Japanese Taiwan Power Company

Foreign concessions and colonies

Dalian

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg 1905–1945 Kwantung Leased Territory Flag of Japan
Flag of Russia.svg 1898–1905 Russian Dalian Flag of Russia

Tianjin

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg 1901–1917 Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg 1902–1931 Belgian concession of Tianjin Flag of Belgium
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 1860–1943 British concession of Tianjin Union Jack
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg 1901–1943 Italian concession of Tianjin Flag of Italy
Flag of Russia.svg 1900–1924 Russian concession of Tianjin Flag of Russia

Chinese Eastern Railway

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of CER (1932).svg 1932–1935 A combination with the flag of Manchukuo at the top and the flag of Soviet Union at the bottom.
1928–1932 A combination with the Flag of the Republic of China at the top and the flag of Soviet Union at the bottom.
Flag of CER (1925).svg 1925–1928 A combination with the Five Races Under One Union flag at the top and the flag of Soviet Union at the bottom.
Flag of CER (1915).svg 1915–1925 A combination of the triangular version of the Five Races Under One Union flag and the flag of Russia, with the text "East Provinces' Railway Company of China" in Chinese.
Flag of CER (1897).svg 1897–1915 A combination of the triangular version of the flag of the Qing dynasty and the flag of Russia, with the text "East Provinces' Railway of Great Qing" in Chinese.

Hong Kong

المقالة الرئيسية: List of Hong Kong flags

Macau

المقالة الرئيسية: List of Macanese flags

Qingdao

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of Germany (1867–1918).svg 1898–1914 Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory Flag of Germany (1867–1918)

Shanghai

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Shanghai International Settlement.svg c. 1917–1941 Shanghai International Settlement
Flag of the Shanghai International Settlement pre-WWI.svg 1863–c. 1917
Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg 1849–1943 Shanghai French Concession Flag of France
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 1845–1863 British Concession in Shanghai Union Jack
Flag of the United States (1863-1865).svg 1848–1863 American Concession in Shanghai Flag of the United States

Weihai

Flag Duration Use Description
British Weihaiwei flag.svg 1903–1930 British Weihaiwei A British Blue Ensign with two Mandarin ducks standing on a beach. Flag of Weihaiwei
Flag of the Commissioner of Weihaiwei (1899-1903).svg 1899–1903 Flag of the Commissioner of Weihaiwei
Flag of the Commissioner of Weihaiwei (1903-1930).svg 1903–1930 Flag of the Commissioner of Weihaiwei

Zhanjiang

Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg 1898–1945 Guangzhouwan Flag of France

الدول الانفصالية

تركستان الشرقية

Flag Duration Use الوصف
Kokbayraq flag.svg 1933–1934 and 1944–1949 Flag of the First and Second East Turkestan Republic

Tibet

Flag Duration Use Description
Chushi Gangdruk-flag.svg 1958–1974 Flag of Chushi Gangdruk Used by Chushi Gangdruk, a Tibetan guerrilla group, until 1974. The group still exists among the Tibetan exiles and still uses the sword emblem.
Flag of Tibet.svg 1916–1951 Flag of Tibet Used by Tibet until 1951. Currently used by the Tibetan Government in Exile located in Dharamshala, India
Flag of the General Derge Se (Tibet).svg ?–1951 Flag of the General Derge Se for the Tibetan Army

Fictional flags

This is a list of incorrect or fictitious flags which have been reported on as being factual and/or historical flags by contemporary or otherwise reputable sources or popularized on the Internet.

Flag Date Use Description
Mistakes in historical sources
China. Imperial Flag. Johnson's new chart of national emblems, 1868.jpg 19th century Incorrect image of the Qing flag in the Western publication. The dragon bears a resemblance to the one on the Flag of Wales.
Fictitious Flag of Tibet-before 1912.svg 20th century Alleged pre-1912 Tibetan flag Fictitious flag appearing on a collector card from a chocolate manufacturer featuring the palace of the Dalai Lama in Lhasa in the early 20th century.
Historical fiction
Xia Dynasty flag.webp 2070 BC Fictitious flag of Xia dynasty.
Tibetan snow leopard.svg 7th Century (de facto 1990s) Alleged flag of The Tibetan Empire A modern interpretation of an uncertain standard of the Tibetan Emperor, Songtsen Gampo.
Flag of Tang Dynasty (China).svg 21st century Flag allegedly representing the Tang dynasty on the internet. Similar flags are attributed to other dynasties.
Flag of the Mongol Empire 2.svg Flags allegedly representing the Mongol Empire or Yuan dynasty on the internet.
Flag of the Mongol Empire 3.png A white Soyombo on a blue background.
Flag of Yuan Dynasty.jpg
日月旗.svg The "Sun Moon Flag", attributed to the Ming dynasty Improperly used both on the internet and in real life.[45]
Mingdynastyflag.png Another variant of the Ming Dynasty Flag
Flag of Concordia Association (Manchu Script).svg 1931–1945 (de facto 21st century) Flag of the Concordia Association. Contains the Manchu text ᠰᡳᡝᡥᠣᡥᡠᡳ. The Mandzurian version has never been used.
Flag of Gan Ning.svg ? Alleged flag of the pirate Gan Ning. Various flags containing a bell are assigned to a pirate on the Internet.
Cheng I Sao Flag 2.svg ? Alleged flag of the pirate Ching Shih.
Fictional ethnic flags
Flag of the Zhuang people.svg around 2012 Flag of the Zhuang people. The project was created by Leonardo Piccioni de Almeida and gained some popularity among Internet users criticizing the PRC. PRC law does not allow the use of cultural flags. Some websites use this flag to represent the Zhuang language.
Proposed Yi flag.svg Flag of the Yi people. The project was created by Leonardo Piccioni de Almeida and gained some popularity among Internet users criticizing the PRC. PRC law does not allow the use of cultural flags. Some websites use this flag to represent the Yi language.
Salar ethnic flag.jpg
Flag of Salar people.svg		 21st century Flag of the Salar people. Tamga of the Salur tribe is actually used, but there is no evidence that it is used as a flag. PRC law does not allow the use of cultural flags. Some websites use this flag to represent the Salar language.
Hainan Li Miao.svg Flag of the Li people.[بحاجة لمصدر] A similar flag is used by the Kachin Independence Army in Myanmar
Other
Flag of Chinese Federation.svg 2007 The flag of Chinese Federation in Code Geass. It has never been used by any political movement or historical state.
East Cantonia flag.svg ? Proposed tricolour flag for Chaoshan (East Cantonia), China, to be used by autonomist activists
Xiangese republic .png 20th–21st century Xiang separatist movement flag. Used by the Hunan independence movement.

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "中华人民共和国国旗". Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  2. ^ "Hong Kong leaders attend flag-raising marking 25th anniversary under China". Business Standard India. July 2022. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  3. ^ "澳门特别行政区区旗". Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث "中国人民解放军军旗、军徽、军歌". xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 2016-07-11. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث "军旗简史 | 你知道吗？从这一天起我军才有了统一军旗式样". Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  6. ^ 裴希婷 (2016-07-01). "导弹绿，我们为你自豪——火箭军换发军种服装侧记". china.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2020-08-23. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  7. ^ "火箭军官兵身着新式军装亮相人民大会堂". 人民网. 2016-07-01. Archived from the original on 2020-11-04. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  8. ^ "国防部新闻发言人吴谦就武警部队旗寓意答问". Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  9. ^ "解放军"塔山英雄团"转隶重组：原有编制不复存在". 23 July 2017. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  10. ^ "中国少年先锋队队旗、队徽、红领巾、队干部标志规范". Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  11. ^ "中国共产主义青年团团旗、团徽国家标准发布". Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  12. ^ "海关关徽、关旗式样". customsmuseum.cn. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  13. ^ "领袖嘱托、使命召唤，这个八一，让我们一起盘点总书记授予的旗帜、发布的训词训令". 浙江新闻.
  14. ^ "中国人民警察警旗样式已根据《 人民警察警旗管理规定（试行）》". Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  15. ^ "国家移民管理机构启用队旗和标志". Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  16. ^ 内蒙古新闻网. "6×8×8，一枚方印里的历史记忆". Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  17. ^ "哈尔滨市市旗市徽制作和使用管理暂行办法". Archived from the original on 21 March 2005.
  18. ^ أ ب ت ث "长沙泽信LOGO设计-中国大陆城市的市旗". Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  19. ^ أ ب "CONSTITUTION OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA". Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  20. ^ 墙, 外楼 (May 3, 2015). "那一年的五四大游行".
  21. ^ 《中华人民共和国国旗国徽国歌档案》,中央档案馆编，中国档案出版社出版, 2009。
  22. ^ "中国国旗诞生史：设计初稿如何起死回生杀入正选". 28 November 2016. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  23. ^ "资料：我国国旗——五星红旗的设计者曾联松". Sohu. Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  24. ^ أ ب "旗帜局标". 1872.cmhk.com. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  25. ^ أ ب 第二次全国苏维埃代表大会关于国徽国旗及军旗的决定, http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64184/64186/66640/4489881.html 
  26. ^ أ ب ت "历史：抗日战争时期的那些英雄的旗帜".
  27. ^ "山东人民抗日救国军第三军军旗 ｜ 红色百宝云上展". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  28. ^ "National flag". Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  29. ^ "华西书信 - 启尔德_四川". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  30. ^ أ ب ت "陸海空軍軍旗條例". Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  31. ^ 中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于禁止自行制作和使用地方旗、徽的通知 (Chinese Communist Central Governmental Notice to Ban Making and Using Local Flags and Emblems)
  32. ^ "市徽市旗". 高雄市政府 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  33. ^ ""昆明"的由来与释义" (in Chinese (China)). 26 April 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  34. ^ 我們的黨旗, https://www.taiwan-labor-party.org.tw/flag/, retrieved on 29 July 2022 
  35. ^ "Tao Tribe of Orchid Island (Taiwan)". Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  36. ^ "升起「百合族旗」 魯凱族原住民族議會今成立 – 生活". 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  37. ^ theinitium.com https://theinitium.com/article/20161229-city-amis-music-festival-edoulan/. Retrieved 2022-12-31. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ^ "「不要放棄自己，生命不會重來。」阿美族創作鬼才舒米恩Suming，質樸歌聲傳遞溫暖力量". 18 October 2019.
  39. ^ "招商局与新中国（14）:招商局历史上的一面公司旗". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
  40. ^ 團徽（旗）的涵義, https://www.cyc.org.tw/AboutUs/logo_Description_cn.html 
  41. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د "《海军旗式及章服图说》". Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  42. ^ "The Tiger Flag – surrogate, replica or 'real thing'?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  43. ^ "Flag or hanging depicting Ziwei Dadi | Royal Museums Greenwich". Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  44. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20170107010250/http://www.americanairmailsociety.org/APJbackissues/Volume%208/APJ,%20Issue%2085,%20Vol%20ViII,%20No%208,%20Mayl%201937f.pdf
  45. ^ https://inf.news/en/history/05fc3471c54f791d03b262337893d7f2.html قالب:Bare URL inline

وصلات خارجية

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=قائمة_الأعلام_الصينية&oldid=2940155"