حركة استقلال تركستان الشرقية

(تم التحويل من East Turkestan independence movement)
علم جمهورية تركستان الشرقية. وكانت قد تـأسـست في قشغر، الصين عام 1933.

حركة استقلال تركستان الشرقية East Turkestan Independence Movement هي تعبير فضفاض يشير إلى المطالبين بالإستقلال تركستان الشرقيةالتي تسميها الصين شينجيانگ. والمنطقة حالياً هي منطقة مستقلة ذاتياً في جمهورية الصين الشعبية.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الجماعات

Some of the groups that support independence for East Turkestan have been labeled terrorist organizations by both the People's Republic of China, the United Nations and/or the الولايات المتحدة. Many Uyghur organizations overseas are known to have small memberships of fewer than a dozen.

سىز كيم بولسيز؟ ويغورمو ؟ اللأ بخت بةرسون!!!!!!!!!!!!


انظر أيضاً

مرئيات

هجوم إرهابي في شين‌جيانگ، 28 ديسمبر 2016

المصادر

  1. ^ Edward Cody (2006-05-10). "China demands that Albania return ex-U.S. detainees". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
  2. ^ "Country Reports on Terrorism". US State Dept. 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
  3. ^ "Governance Asia-Pacific Watch". United Nations. 2007-04. Retrieved 2007-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ The New Face of Jihad
  5. ^ Additions to Terrorist Exclusion List, United States State Department, 2004-04-29, accessed on 2008-08-10
  6. ^ Devastating Blows: Religious Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang: II. Background at hrw.org

Burhan S., Xinjiang wushi nian [Fifty Years in Xinjiang], (Beijing, Wenshi ziliao, 1984).

Clubb, O. E., China and Russia: The 'Great Game’. (NY, Columbia, 1971).

Forbes, A. D. W. Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republic Sinkiang, 1911-1949 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986).

Hasiotis, A. C. Jr. Soviet Political, Economic and Military Involvement in Sinkiang from 1928 to 1949 (NY, Garland, 1987).

Khakimbaev A. A., 'Nekotorye Osobennosti Natsional’no-Osvoboditel’nogo Dvizheniya Narodov Sin’tszyana v 30-kh i 40-kh godakh XX veka' [Some Characters of the National-Liberation Movement of the Xinjiang Peoples in 1930s and 1940s], in Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi Konferentsii po Problemam Istorii Kitaya v Noveishchee Vremya, Aprel’ 1977, Problemy Kitaya (Moscow, 1978) pp.113-118.

Lattimore, O., Pivot of Asia: Sinkiang and the Inner Asian Frontiers of China (Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1950).

Rakhimov, T. R. 'Mesto Bostochno-Turkestanskoi Respubliki (VTR) v Natsional’no-Osvoboditel’noi Bor’be Narodov Kitaya' [Role of the Eastern Turkestan Republic (ETR) in the National Liberation Struggle of the Peoples in China], A paper presented at 2-ya Nauchnaya Konferentsiya po Problemam Istorii Kitaya v Noveishchee Vremya, (Moscow, 1977), pp.68-70.

Taipov, Z. T., V Bor'be za Svobodu [In the Struggle for Freedom], (Moscow, Glavnaya Redaktsiya Vostochnoi Literaturi Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 1974).

Wang, D., 'The Xinjiang Question of the 1940s: the Story behind the Sino-Soviet Treaty of August 1945', Asian Studies Review, vol. 21, no.1 (1997) pp.83-105. Wang, D., 'The USSR and the Establishment of the Eastern Turkestan Republic in Xinjiang', Journal of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, vol.25 (1996) pp.337-378.

Yakovlev, A. G., 'K Voprosy o Natsional’no-Osvoboditel’nom Dvizhenii Norodov Sin’tzyana v 1944-1949', [Question on the National Liberation Movement of the Peoples in Xinjiang in 1944-1945], in Uchenie Zapiski Instituta Voctokovedeniia Kitaiskii Spornik vol.xi, (1955) pp.155-188.

Wang, D., Clouds over Tianshan : essays on social disturbance in Xinjiang in the 1940s, Copenhagen, NIAS, 1999

Wang, D., Under the Soviet shadow : the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949》Hong Kong, The Chinese University Press , 1999.

وصلات خارجية

غيرها

الكلمات الدالة:
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=حركة_استقلال_تركستان_الشرقية&oldid=2129943"