درم، كارولينا الشمالية

Coordinates: 35°59′19″N 78°54′26″W / 35.98861°N 78.90722°W / 35.98861; -78.90722
درَم، كارولينا الشمالية
Durham, North Carolina
مدينة
مع عقارب الساعة من أعلى: Durham skyline, North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Five Points, Carolina Theatre, Durham Performing Arts Center, Duke Chapel
مع عقارب الساعة من أعلى: Durham skyline, North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Five Points, Carolina Theatre, Durham Performing Arts Center, Duke Chapel
علم درَم، كارولينا الشمالية
Flag
الكنية: 
Bull City; City of Medicine[1]
الموقع في مقاطعة درم وولاية كارولينا الشمالية
الموقع في مقاطعة درم وولاية كارولينا الشمالية
درَم، كارولينا الشمالية is located in الولايات المتحدة
درَم، كارولينا الشمالية
درَم، كارولينا الشمالية
الموقع في الولايات المتحدة المتجاورة
الإحداثيات: 35°59′19″N 78°54′26″W / 35.98861°N 78.90722°W / 35.98861; -78.90722
البلد الولايات المتحدة
الولاية كارولاينا الشمالية
المقاطعاتدرم وويك
IncorporatedApril 10, 1869[2]
السمِيْBartlett S. Durham
الحكومة
 • النوعمجلس-مدير
 • العمدةSteve Schewel (D)
 • مدير المدينةWanda Page (Interim)
 • Deputy City ManagersW. Bowman "Bo" Ferguson, Wanda Page, Keith Chadwell
 • City Council MembersJaviera Caballero, Pierce Freelon, DeDreana Freeman, Mark-Anthony Middleton, Jillian Johnson, Charlie Reece
المساحة
[3]
 • مدينة112٫64 ميل² (291٫74 كم²)
 • البر111٫82 ميل² (289٫62 كم²)
 • الماء0٫82 ميل² (2٫13 كم²)
المنسوب
404 ft (123 m)
التعداد
 (2020)
 • مدينة283٬506
 • Estimate 
(2019)[4]
278٬993
 • الكثافة2٬495٫00/sq mi (963٫32/km2)
 • العمرانية
542٬710 (US: 100th)
 • CSA
2٬037٬430
صفة المواطنDurhamite
منطقة التوقيتUTC−5 (EST)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
27701, 27702, 27703, 27704, 27705, 27706, 27707, 27708, 27709, 27710, 27711, 27712, 27713, 27715, 27717, 27722
مفتاح الهاتف919, 984
FIPS code37-19000[5]
GNIS feature ID1020059[6]
Primary AirportRDU
الموقع الإلكترونيdurhamnc.gov

دِرَم (Durham ؛ /ˈdʌrəm/ DURR-əm)، وتُعرف أيضاً بإسم "مدينة الثور Bull City"‏،[7] هي مدينة ومقر مقاطعة درم[8] في ولاية كارولينا الشمالية. أجزاء صغيرة من حدود المدينة تمتد داخل مقاطعة أورانج ومقاطعة ويك. With a population of 283,506 in the 2020 Census, Durham is the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina, and the 75th-most populous city in the United States.[4] The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River. Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area, which has a population of 644,367 as of U.S. Census 2019 Population Estimates. The Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Cary Combined Statistical Area, commonly known as the Research Triangle, which has a population of 2,079,687 as of U.S. Census 2019 Population Estimates.[9]

A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849, the namesake of the city. Following the American Civil War, the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly, in part due to the tobacco industry. The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly, in April 1869. The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later, in 1881. It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company. Textile and electric power industries also played an important role. While these industries have declined, Durham underwent revitalization and population growth[10] to become an educational, medical, and research center.[11]

Durham is home to several recognized institutions of higher education, most notably Duke University and North Carolina Central University. Durham is also a national leader in health-related activities, which are focused on the Duke University Hospital and many private companies. Duke and its Duke University Health System are the largest employers in the city. North Carolina Central University is a historically black university that is part of the University of North Carolina system. Together, the two universities make Durham one of the vertices of the Research Triangle area; central to this is the Research Triangle Park[12] south of Durham, which encompasses an area of 11 square miles and is devoted to research facilities.

On the Duke University campus are the neo-Gothic Duke Chapel and the Nasher Museum of Art. Other notable sites in the city include the Museum of Life and Science, Durham Performing Arts Center, Carolina Theatre, and Duke Homestead and Tobacco Factory. Bennett Place commemorates the location where Joseph E. Johnston surrendered to William T. Sherman in the American Civil War. The city is served, along with Raleigh, by Raleigh–Durham International Airport.

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التاريخ

انظر أيضاً: Timeline of Durham, North Carolina


قبل التأسيس

The Eno and the Occoneechi, related to the Sioux and the Shakori, lived and farmed in the area which became Durham. They may have established a village named Adshusheer on the site. The Great Indian Trading Path has been traced through Durham, and Native Americans helped to mold the area by establishing settlements and commercial transportation routes.

In 1701, Durham's beauty was chronicled by the English explorer John Lawson, who called the area "the flower of the Carolinas." During the mid-1700s, Scots, Irish, and English colonists settled on land granted to George Carteret by King Charles I (for whom the Carolinas are named). Early settlers built gristmills, such as West Point, and worked the land.

دورهام هي قرية في ولاية كارولاينا الشمالية في الولايات المتحدة .

Climate data for Raleigh–Durham International Airport, North Carolina (1991–2020 normals,[أ] extremes 1887–present[ب])
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27) 		84
(29) 		94
(34) 		95
(35) 		99
(37) 		105
(41) 		105
(41) 		105
(41) 		104
(40) 		100
(38) 		88
(31) 		81
(27) 		105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 71.9
(22.2) 		74.4
(23.6) 		81.6
(27.6) 		86.4
(30.2) 		91.3
(32.9) 		96.6
(35.9) 		98.2
(36.8) 		96.7
(35.9) 		92.3
(33.5) 		86.7
(30.4) 		78.5
(25.8) 		72.8
(22.7) 		99.6
(37.6)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 51.9
(11.1) 		55.8
(13.2) 		63.3
(17.4) 		72.7
(22.6) 		80.0
(26.7) 		87.4
(30.8) 		90.8
(32.7) 		88.7
(31.5) 		82.5
(28.1) 		73.0
(22.8) 		63.0
(17.2) 		54.7
(12.6) 		72.0
(22.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 41.9
(5.5) 		45.0
(7.2) 		51.8
(11.0) 		60.8
(16.0) 		68.8
(20.4) 		76.7
(24.8) 		80.5
(26.9) 		78.8
(26.0) 		72.6
(22.6) 		61.7
(16.5) 		51.5
(10.8) 		44.6
(7.0) 		61.2
(16.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 31.8
(−0.1) 		34.2
(1.2) 		40.3
(4.6) 		48.9
(9.4) 		57.7
(14.3) 		66.0
(18.9) 		70.2
(21.2) 		68.9
(20.5) 		62.7
(17.1) 		50.3
(10.2) 		40.0
(4.4) 		34.4
(1.3) 		50.4
(10.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 14.0
(−10.0) 		19.2
(−7.1) 		23.7
(−4.6) 		32.2
(0.1) 		42.8
(6.0) 		54.2
(12.3) 		61.0
(16.1) 		58.7
(14.8) 		48.7
(9.3) 		33.2
(0.7) 		24.4
(−4.2) 		19.9
(−6.7) 		12.1
(−11.1)
Record low °F (°C) −9
(−23) 		−2
(−19) 		11
(−12) 		23
(−5) 		29
(−2) 		38
(3) 		48
(9) 		46
(8) 		37
(3) 		19
(−7) 		11
(−12) 		0
(−18) 		−9
(−23)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.43
(87) 		2.78
(71) 		4.10
(104) 		3.53
(90) 		3.58
(91) 		3.89
(99) 		5.02
(128) 		4.71
(120) 		5.15
(131) 		3.37
(86) 		3.32
(84) 		3.39
(86) 		46.07
(1٬170)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 2.6
(6.6) 		1.4
(3.6) 		0.3
(0.76) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.8
(2.0) 		5.2
(13)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.1 9.3 10.7 9.5 9.9 11.2 11.7 10.7 9.0 7.6 8.2 9.7 117.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 3.4
Average relative humidity (%) 66.5 64.1 63.0 61.7 71.1 73.6 76.0 77.9 77.1 73.3 69.1 68.5 70.2
Average dew point °F (°C) 26.8
(−2.9) 		28.2
(−2.1) 		35.8
(2.1) 		43.3
(6.3) 		55.2
(12.9) 		63.5
(17.5) 		67.8
(19.9) 		67.5
(19.7) 		61.5
(16.4) 		49.3
(9.6) 		39.4
(4.1) 		31.1
(−0.5) 		47.5
(8.6)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 163.8 173.1 228.9 250.7 258.4 267.7 259.5 239.6 217.6 215.4 174.0 157.6 2٬606٫3
Percent possible sunshine 53 57 62 64 59 61 58 57 58 62 56 52 59
Average ultraviolet index 3 4 6 7 9 10 10 9 8 5 3 2 6
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)[13][14][15]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV Index)[16]


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السكان

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
18802٬041—
18905٬485168٫7%
19006٬67921٫8%
191018٬241173٫1%
192021٬71919٫1%
193052٬037139٫6%
194060٬19515٫7%
195071٬31118٫5%
196078٬3029٫8%
197095٬43821٫9%
1980101٬1496�0%
1990136٬61135٫1%
2000187٬03536٫9%
2010228٬33022٫1%
2020283٬50624٫2%
U.S. Decennial Census[17]


المدن الشقيقة

Durham's sister cities are:[18]

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official records for Raleigh kept January 1887 to 17 May 1944 at downtown and at Raleigh Durham Int'l since 18 May 1944. For more information, see Threadex

المراجع

  1. ^ "About Durham". Archived from the original on October 22, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
  2. ^ Durham (N.C.) – Directories. Richmond, Virginia: Hill Directory Company. 1923. p. 7. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  3. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  4. ^ أ ب ت "Population and Housing Unit Estimates Tables". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  5. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  6. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  7. ^ "Durham was nicknamed the "Bull City" in the late 1800s when the Blackwell Tobacco Company named its product "Bull" Durham Tobacco". durhamnc.gov. Jan 17, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  9. ^ Bureau, US Census. "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Totals: 2010-2019". The United States Census Bureau (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  10. ^ Willets, Sarah (2018-08-29). "To Keep Up With Growth, Durham Needs to Add Two Thousand Housing Units a Year. Its Rules Are in the Way". INDY Week (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-06-20.
  11. ^ "Durham | North Carolina, United States". Encyclopedia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2019-06-20.
  12. ^ "Where is RTP?". The Herald Sun reports that it is the 4th smartest city in the USA. Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina. Archived from the original on November 4, 2007. Retrieved October 9, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  13. ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  14. ^ "Station: Raleigh Durham INTL AP, NC". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  15. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for RALEIGH/RALEIGH-DURHAM, NC 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  16. ^ "Raleigh, North Carolina, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
  17. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  18. ^ "Sister Cities of Durham". durhamnc.gov. City of Durham. Retrieved 2021-05-10.

للاستزادة

انظر أيضاً: Bibliography of the history of Durham, North Carolina
  • Turner & Co.'s Durham directory for the years 1889 and 1890, Danville, Va: E.F. Turner, 1889 
  • Ramsey's Durham directory, for the year 1892, Durham, N.C: N.A. Ramsey, 1892 

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Wake County, North Carolina

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