الغزو السوڤيتي لمنشوريا

الغزو السوفيتي لمنشوريا
	جزء من الحرب العالمية الثانية والحرب السوفيتية اليابانية
	; المكاسب السوفيتية في شمال شرق أسيا، أغسطس 1945.
التاريخ	9 أغسطس - 20 أغسطس 1945
الموقع	منشوريا/مانشوكو، منغوليا الداخلية/مينگجيانگ، سخالين، وشمال كوريا
النتيجة	انتصار حاسم للاتحاد السوڤيتي.
التغيرات; الإقليمية	Liberation of Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and northern Korea, and collapse of Japanese puppet states there.; تقسيم شبه الجزيرة الكورية.; Manchuria and Inner Mongolia are returned to الصين.;
المتحاربون
الحلفاء:; الاتحاد السوڤيتي; جمهورية منغوليا الشعبية	المحور:; إمبراطورية اليابان مانشوكو; منگ‌جيانگ; كوريا اليابانية;
القادة والزعماء
Aleksandr Vasilevsky; Rodion Malinovsky; Kirill Meretskov; Maksim Purkayev; Nikolay Kuznetsov; Ivan Yumashev; Khorloogiin Choibalsan; Lkhagvasuren Jamiyan;	Otozō Yamada #; Seiichi Kita #; Jun Ushiroku #; Puyi #; Zhang Jinghui #; Demchugdongrub;
الوحدات المشاركة
الجيوش السوڤيتية Transbaikal Front 17th Army; 36th Army; 39th Army; 53rd Army; 6th Guards Tank Army; Mongolian Cavalry Group; 12th Air Army; ; 1st Far Eastern Front 1st Red Banner Army; 5th Army; 25th Army; 35th Army; 10th Mechanized Corps; 9th Air Army; ; 2nd Far Eastern Front 2nd Red Banner Army; 15th Army; 16th Army; 5th Separate Rifle Corps; Chuguevsk Group; Amur Military Flotilla; 10th Air Army; ;	الجيوش اليابانية Kwangtung Army First Area Army 3rd Army; 5th Army; ; Third Area Army 30th Army; 44th Army; ; Independent units 4th Army; 34th Army; ; ; مانشوكو ; Mengjiang National Army ;
القوى
الاتحاد السوڤيتي:; 1,577,725 troops; 27,086 artillery pieces; 1,152 rocket launchers; 5,556 tanks and self-propelled guns; 3,721 aircrafts; Mongolia:; 16,000 troops	Japan:; 713,729 troops; 5,360 artillery; 1,155 tanks; 1,800 aircraft; 1,215 armored vehicles; Manchukuo:; 170,000-200,000 troops; Mengjiang:; 44,000 troops
الضحايا والخسائر
Soviet Union:; 9,780-12,031 killed; 24,425 wounded; 300+ tanks destroyed; منغوليا:; 72 قتيل; 125 جريح	المزاعم اليابانية:; 21,389 قتيل; 20,000 جريح; unknown captured in combat; Large amounts of equipment captured; Manchukuo:; Most troops deserted beforehand; Mengjiang:; Most troops deserted beforehand المزاعم السوڤيتية:; 83,737 قتيل; 594,000–609,000 أسير; 861–925 طائرة; 369–600 tanks; 2,576–3,704 guns and mortars, and 2,129–2,300 other vehicles captured;

قالب:Campaignbox Soviet–Japanese War

الغزو السوڤيتي لمنشوريا أو كما أسمتها القيادة السوفيتية عملية هجوم منشوريا الإستراتيجية (بالروسية: Манчжурская стратегическая наступательная операция)، بدأت في 9 أغسطس 1945 بغزو الاتحاد السوفيتي لدولة مانشوكو العميلة لليابان في أكبر عمليات الحرب السوفيتية اليابانية، حيث تمكنت القوات السوفيتية من الاستيلاء على مانشوكو ومينتشيانغ (ومن ثم منغوليا الداخلية) وشمال كوريا وجنوب سخالين علاوة على جزر الكوريل مما عجّل باستسلام اليابان في الحرب العالمية الثانية بعد الهزيمة السريعة التي لاقاها جيش كوانتونگ بعدما وضح جليا قدرة الاتحاد السوفيتي ونيته في انتزاع كامل الأراضي اليابانية بما في ذلك التراب الوطني نفسه بعد الهجوم الخاطف على منشوريا وسخالين.^[1]^[2]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]

ومنذ عام 1983 دأب إطلاق اسم عملية عاصفة أغسطس على الغزو السوفيتي لمنشوريا بعدما أورد المؤرخ العسكري الأمريكي ديڤد گلانتز هذا الاسم في أحد الأبحاث التي قام بنشرها والتي تحدثت عن العملية العسكرية نفسها.^[1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

القوات المتقاتلة

السوڤيتية

جبهة عبر البايكال

خريطة أساسية تبين خطة الغزو السوڤيتي لمنشوريا^[2]

العواقب

مقبرة شهداء الجيش الأحمر السوڤيتي، المقامة في مان‌ژولي بعد الحرب

طالع أيضا

ملاحظات

^ Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1160-7. Page 1176. 21,389 dead is from Japanese medical records; the Soviets claimed that the number of Japanese dead numbered 83,737. This number does not count POWs who died due to mistreatment in camps after the war.
^ After the war, the number of Japanese soldiers and amounts of materiel in Soviet possession are as follows: 594,000–609,000 أسير، 861–925 aircraft, 369–600 tanks, 2,576–3,704 guns and mortars, and 2,129–2,300 other vehicles^[7]
^ Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1160-7. Page 1176. 21,389 dead is from Japanese medical records; the Soviets claimed that the number of Japanese dead numbered 83,737. This number does not count POWs who died due to mistreatment in camps after the war.
^ After the war, the number of Japanese soldiers and amounts of materiel in Soviet possession are as follows: 594,000–609,000 POWs, 861–925 aircraft, 369–600 tanks, 2,576–3,704 guns and mortars, and 2,129–2,300 other vehicles^[7]

المراجع

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ LTC David M. Glantz, "August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria". Leavenworth Papers No. 7, Combat Studies Institute, February 1983, Fort Leavenworth Kansas.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت "Battlefield Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory", Battlefield (documentary series), 2001, 98 minutes.
^ ^أ ^ب Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0-7006-0899-0, p. 378
^ p. 230
^ Jowett.
^ "Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century". И.И.Ивлев. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.. Total casualties of the three fronts, excluding the Pacific Fleet involved in the invasions of the Kuriles and South Sakhalin.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1160-7. Page 1176.
^ Glantz, David (2004). Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria, 1945: 'August Storm'. Routledge. Page 124.
^ "Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century". И.И.Ивлев. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
^ Australian War Memorial."Australia-Japan Research Project: Dispositions and deaths". Citing figures of the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, March 1964. Total dead in Manchuria are given as 45,900 for the IJA, but this includes the earlier Soviet-Japanese border conflicts (~10,000 قتيل), soldier killed by Chinese Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army and Chinese Anti-Japanese volunteer armies in Manchurian insurgency(~15,000 قتيل), and POW deaths after the war.
^ Hayashi, S. (1955). Vol. XIII - Study of Strategic and Tactical peculiarities of Far Eastern Russia and Soviet Far East Forces. Japanese Special Studies on Manchuria. Tokyo, Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, US Army.
^ Drea, E J. (1984). Missing Intentions : Japanese Intelligence and the Soviet Invasion of Manchuria, 1945. Military Affairs 48(2): 66-73.
^ Robert Butow, Japan's Decision to Surrender, Stanford University Press, 1954 ISBN 978-0-8047-0460-1.
^ Richard B. Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire, Penguin, 2001 ISBN 978-0-14-100146-3.
^ Robert James Maddox, Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism, University of Missouri Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-8262-1732-5.
^ Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan, Belknap Press, 2006 ISBN 0-674-01693-9.

تحويل قالب:امبراطورية اليابان

الكلمات الدالة:

[11] Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1160-7. Page 1176. 21,389 dead is from Japanese medical records; the Soviets claimed that the number of Japanese dead numbered 83,737. This number does not count POWs who died due to mistreatment in camps after the war.

[12] After the war, the number of Japanese soldiers and amounts of materiel in Soviet possession are as follows: 594,000–609,000 أسير، 861–925 aircraft, 369–600 tanks, 2,576–3,704 guns and mortars, and 2,129–2,300 other vehicles^[7]

[13] Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1160-7. Page 1176. 21,389 dead is from Japanese medical records; the Soviets claimed that the number of Japanese dead numbered 83,737. This number does not count POWs who died due to mistreatment in camps after the war.

[14] After the war, the number of Japanese soldiers and amounts of materiel in Soviet possession are as follows: 594,000–609,000 POWs, 861–925 aircraft, 369–600 tanks, 2,576–3,704 guns and mortars, and 2,129–2,300 other vehicles^[7]

[Glantz-1] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ LTC David M. Glantz, "August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria". Leavenworth Papers No. 7, Combat Studies Institute, February 1983, Fort Leavenworth Kansas.

[Battlefield_Series-2] أ ^ب ^ت "Battlefield Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory", Battlefield (documentary series), 2001, 98 minutes.

[glantz378-3] أ ^ب Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0-7006-0899-0, p. 378

[4] . 230

[FOOTNOTEJowett-5] Jowett.

[6] "Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century". И.И.Ивлев. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.. Total casualties of the three fronts, excluding the Pacific Fleet involved in the invasions of the Kuriles and South Sakhalin.

[Coox,_Alvin_D._1939-7] أ ^ب ^ت Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1160-7. Page 1176.

[8] Glantz, David (2004). Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria, 1945: 'August Storm'. Routledge. Page 124.

[9] "Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century". И.И.Ивлев. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.

[10] Australian War Memorial."Australia-Japan Research Project: Dispositions and deaths". Citing figures of the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, March 1964. Total dead in Manchuria are given as 45,900 for the IJA, but this includes the earlier Soviet-Japanese border conflicts (~10,000 قتيل), soldier killed by Chinese Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army and Chinese Anti-Japanese volunteer armies in Manchurian insurgency(~15,000 قتيل), and POW deaths after the war.

[Hayashi-15] Hayashi, S. (1955). Vol. XIII - Study of Strategic and Tactical peculiarities of Far Eastern Russia and Soviet Far East Forces. Japanese Special Studies on Manchuria. Tokyo, Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, US Army.

[Drea-16] Drea, E J. (1984). Missing Intentions : Japanese Intelligence and the Soviet Invasion of Manchuria, 1945. Military Affairs 48(2): 66-73.

[Butow1954-17] Robert Butow, Japan's Decision to Surrender, Stanford University Press, 1954 ISBN 978-0-8047-0460-1.

[Frank2001-18] Richard B. Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire, Penguin, 2001 ISBN 978-0-14-100146-3.

[Maddox2007-19] Robert James Maddox, Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism, University of Missouri Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-8262-1732-5.

[Hasegawa2006-20] Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan, Belknap Press, 2006 ISBN 0-674-01693-9.

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