نيكوبول، أوكرانيا

For other uses, see Nikopol.

Nikopol Нікополь
City
Flag Coat of arms
Nikopol Nikopol in Ukraine Nikopol Nikopol (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast)
الإحداثيات: 47°34′N 34°24′E
Country	أوكرانيا
Oblast	دنپروپتروڤسك
Raion	Nikopol Raion
Founded	1639
City status	1915
المساحة
• الإجمالي	59 كم² (23 ميل²)
المنسوب	70 m (230 ft)
التعداد  (2022)
• الإجمالي	105٬160
• الكثافة	2٬764/km2 (7٬160/sq mi)
Postal code	53200—53239
مفتاح الهاتف	+380-5662
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.nikopol-mrada.dp.gov.ua

The city map

Soviet city's emblem (1966) depicting the Southern Pipe Factory. The top shows a crossing of a ceremonial mace bulawa, and a variation of Cossack szabla

Nikopol (أوكرانية: Ні́кополь, تـُنطق [ˈn⁽ʲ⁾ikopolʲ]( استمع)) is a city and municipality (hromada) in Nikopol Raion in the south of Ukraine, on the right bank of the Dnieper River, about 63 km south-east of Kryvyi Rih and 48 km south-west of Zaporizhzhia. Population: 105,160 (2022 estimate).

Nikopol is the fourth-most populous city in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Located on a cape by the Kakhovka reservoir, Nikopol is a powerful industrial city which has several pipe producing factories, such as the Interpipe corporation, and steel rolling mills, such as the factory of ferroalloys.

Formerly the settlement served as one of the capital cities of the Zaporizhian Sich and was known as one of the main crossings over the Dnieper.

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 General information

Renamed by the Russian Empire into Slaviansk and later Nikopol (after باليونانية قديمة: Νικόπολις), the city has a rich preceding history. Between 1638–1652, it was the settlement of Mykytyn Rih (أوكرانية: Микитин Ріг, literally Mykyta's bend or Mykyta's horn), the capital of the Zaporizhian Sich. It was one of the main crossings over the Dnieper.

The 1911 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica gave the following description of Nikopol: "It was formerly called Nikitin Rog, and occupies an elongated peninsula between two arms of the Dnieper at a point where its banks are low and marshy, and has been for centuries one of the places where the middle Dnieper can most conveniently be crossed."

In 1900, its 21,282 inhabitants were Ukrainians, Jews and Mennonites, who carry on agriculture and shipbuilding. The old Sich, or fortified camp of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, brilliantly described in N. V. Gogol's novel Taras Bulba (1834), was situated a little higher up the river. A number of graves in the vicinity recall the battles which were fought for the possession of this important strategic point.

One of the graves, close to the town, contained, along with other Scythian antiquities, a well-known precious vase representing the capture of wild horses. Even now Nikopol, which is situated on the highway from Dnipro to Kherson, is the point where the "salt-highway" of the Chumaks (Ukrainian salt-carriers) to the Crimea crossed the Dnipro. Nikopol is, further, one of the chief places on the lower Dnieper for the export of corn, linseed, hemp and wool.

 History

 Archaeological excavations

انظر أيضاً: Golden Pectoral from Tovsta Mohyla

According to archaeological excavations, the city's area was populated as early as the Neolithic epoch in the 4th millennium BCE as evidenced by remnants of a settlement discovered on banks of uk (Mala Kamianka River). In burial mounds from the copper-bronze epoch of the 3rd-1st millenniums BCE, were found stone and bronze tools, clay sharp-bottomed ornamental dishes. Also found were burials from the Scythian-Sarmatian period, between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE.

 Mykytyn Rih / Mykytyn Sich

انظر أيضاً: Zaporizhian Sich

In the beginning of 16th century, in the location of modern Nikopol, appeared a river crossing over the Dnieper controlled by Cossacks, called Mykytyn Rih. According to a folk legend, it was established by a Cossack named Mykyta Tsyhan. Under the same name, the crossing is mentioned in the diary of the Holy Roman Empire envoy de (Erich Lassota von Steblau), who visited the Zaporizhian Sich in 1594.

In 1638-1639, Cossacks led by F. Linchai built a fort which was named Mykytyn Sich (أوكرانية: Микитинська Січ). In 1652, due to conflict with the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, Kosh Otaman Fedir Liutay moved the administrative seat to Chortomlyk.

By 1648, in the close proximity of today's Nikopol, Mykytyn Sich was built. It is renowned for the location of Bohdan Khmelnytsky being elected as the Hetman of Ukraine, and as where the Khmelnytsky Uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth started. Until 1775, the time of the Sich sacking, it was called "Mykytyn Rih", "Mykytyn Pereviz", or simply "Mykytyne".

The name rih (Ukrainian for horn) was given because the locality rose at a place reminiscing a peninsula, as it was almost surrounded by the Dnieper river (see Kryvyi Rih). Mykytyne was a town of the Kodak Palanka, an administrative division of the Zaporizhian Sich. Later it was renamed into Slovianske and then Nikopol.

 Sloviansk / Nikopol

In the 18th century, Grigoriy Potyomkin ordered the building of an Imperial Russian fortress Slaviansk. Eventually the project was scratched. Soon after the liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1782, the settlement was renamed as Nikopol.

During World War II, Nikopol was occupied by the German Army until 18 February 1944. Albert Speer referred to it as the "center of manganese mining", and therefore of vital importance to the German war effort.

The Soviet policy of industrialization created the Kakhovka Reservoir which existed from 1956 to 2023, submerging what could be now the most sacred place of an early distinctly Ukrainian statehood: the lands of the former Zaporizhian Host, with their burial sites.

Until July 2020, Nikopol was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Nikopol Raion, though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven, the city of Nikopol was merged into Nikopol Raion.

Just a few kilometres west of the city, the Kosh otaman Ivan Sirko is buried.

Nikopol is one of the largest towns in the region, with a population of 105,160 in 2022. The largest manufacturers include the former Nikopol Tube Plant, established in 1931, which is now divided into smaller plants (e.g. Centravis, Interpipe Niko Tube). The Nikopol Ferroalloy Plant is the largest in Europe and the second largest in the world in the production of Ferromanganese (FeMn) and Ferrosilicomanganese (FeSiMn).

 Geography

 Climate

Climate data for Nikopol, Ukraine (1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	0.3 (32.5)	1.0 (33.8)	6.6 (43.9)	15.3 (59.5)	22.2 (72.0)	25.9 (78.6)	28.6 (83.5)	28.1 (82.6)	22.0 (71.6)	14.7 (58.5)	6.4 (43.5)	1.5 (34.7)	14.4 (57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−2.4 (27.7)	−2.2 (28.0)	2.6 (36.7)	10.2 (50.4)	16.5 (61.7)	20.4 (68.7)	22.8 (73.0)	22.1 (71.8)	16.4 (61.5)	10.0 (50.0)	3.4 (38.1)	−1.0 (30.2)	9.9 (49.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−4.8 (23.4)	−4.8 (23.4)	−0.5 (31.1)	5.7 (42.3)	11.0 (51.8)	15.1 (59.2)	17.1 (62.8)	16.1 (61.0)	11.4 (52.5)	6.0 (42.8)	0.8 (33.4)	−3.3 (26.1)	5.8 (42.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	35.4 (1.39)	35.1 (1.38)	33.1 (1.30)	36.9 (1.45)	39.4 (1.55)	56.3 (2.22)	40.4 (1.59)	32.1 (1.26)	38.6 (1.52)	33.5 (1.32)	42.0 (1.65)	39.7 (1.56)	462.5 (18.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	7.7	6.2	6.8	6.2	6.3	7.1	5.4	3.9	5.1	4.7	6.5	7.0	72.9
Average relative humidity (%)	84.3	81.4	77.1	67.1	62.8	65.3	62.0	60.2	67.7	75.2	84.1	84.7	72.7
Source: World Meteorological Organization

 Transport links

There is bus station, railway station and river port, which connect the town with other cities.

Nikopol River Port facilitates transportation for the metallurgical industry and travel.

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 Culture

 Sports

• FC Nikopol
• FC Metalurh Nikopol

 Gallery

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  Transfiguration church

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  Old Old Believers' Church

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  Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary

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  Nikopol quay

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  Monument to goddess Nike

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  A street in Nikopol

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  Nikopol central department store

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  Elektrometalurh Stadium

 International relations

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

 Twin towns — Sister cities

Nikopol is twinned with:

• Lloydminster, Canada
• Perth, Scotland

 References

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• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nikopol" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 19 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 692. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

 External links

• Official city website Archived 2009-02-25 at the Wayback Machine