برديانسك

Berdiansk Бердянськ
Berdiansk
Flag Coat of arms
Berdiansk Location of Berdiansk Berdiansk Berdiansk (أوكرانيا)
الإحداثيات: 46°45′35″N 36°47′04″E
Country	أوكرانيا
Oblast	Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Raion	Berdiansk City Municipality
Founded	1827
City rights	1827
Control	روسيا
المساحة
• الإجمالي	82٫65 كم² (31٫91 ميل²)
المنسوب	10 m (30 ft)
التعداد  (2021)
• الإجمالي	107٬928
• الكثافة	1٬300/km2 (3٬400/sq mi)
Postal code	71100-71127
مفتاح الهاتف	(+380) 6153
لوحة السيارة	AP/08
Climate	Cfa
الموقع الإلكتروني	City Council Official website

برديانسك (Berdiansk أو Berdyansk ؛ أوكرانية: Бердя́нськ, romanized: Berdiansk؛ روسية: Бердя́нск, romanized: Berdyansk) is a port city in the Zaporizhzhia Oblast (province) of south-east Ukraine. It is on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, which is the northern extension of the Black Sea. It serves as an administrative center of Berdiansk Raion (district), though it does not belong to the raion. The city is named after the river Berda forming Berdianska spit at the foot of which it is located. Berdiansk is home to a safari zoo, water park, museums, health resorts with mud baths and climatic treatments, and numerous water sport activities. Population: 107,928 (2021 est.)

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 الاسم

Its original name was Kutur-Ogly. The city name changed to Novo-Nogaisk in 1830 (New Nogaisk) (see Nogai). The present name was given to the city in 1841 by special decree of Nicholas I and named after the nearby river Berda.

Between 1939 and 1958 the city was known as Osypenko, so named after Hero of the Soviet Union Polina Osipenko. This name has now been given to the nearby village Osypenko, where Polina Osipenko was born.

 التاريخ

Berdiansk grew from a small settlement and a pier, built in 1673 by Zaporozhian and Azov Cossacks.

In the 19th century, the Russian Imperial government began to plan building a sea port in the Northern Azov region. In 1824, Count Mikhail Vorontsov, Governor General of the Caucasus Viceroyalty, sent an expedition to the Azov Sea. Its task was to find a place to build a new seaport to assist in the defence of Russia's southern borders. Initially, the place for a future port was implied in the village of Obetochnoe that belonged to Count Orlov-Denisov, near the town of Nogaysk founded in 1821.

In the autumn of 1824 Captain N. Kritsky, the expedition supervisor, reported on several prospective sites; the best being a place closed off from the sea by the Berdianska spit. In an official report to Vorontsov, Kritsky wrote: "the quality of Berdiansk Spit surpasses that of Obytichna Spit; you can build a landing stage and port on it unless you concede to Sevastopol...".

In 1820s, the place of the future Berdiansk was just a small settlement of fishers with a few huts In 1825, merchant Nikolay Kobozev built a private wooden quay which was opened with a ceremony on July 1, 1830. Only by January 12, 1835, a state-owned quay had been built. In 1833, Nikolay Kobozev set up a wooden post to function as a navigation beacon; the modern stone lighthouse was built under the leadership of the Italian merchant Carlo Tomasini in 1838. It is a 23-metre (75 ft) octahedral whitestone tower with an orange stripe in the middle. The beacon fires protected sailing ships and was first seen in 1840. Almost half a century later, in 1883, the oil lamps were replaced by electric lights. The old beacon was refurbished and upgraded with newer equipment.

In 1836 the first foreign ship entered the port of Berdiansk.

In 1841 the settlement at the Berdiansk bay received the city status. Grigory Chernyaev (1787—1868) was appointed the city governor (gradonachalnik) and the head of the Berdiansk sea port. G. Chernyaev was an officer from landed gentry; he took part in the Battle of Borodino. After the defeat of Napoleon he was appointed a comendant of Valenciennes. Michael Vorontsov knew him from France, when the former was the commander of the Russian expedition forces.

The son of the Nogaysk merchant who owned fisheries at the Berdiansk bay, Nikolay Kobozev was elected the first mayor of the city in 1841. During his office, the small township had turned into a flourishing city with a large number of foreign companies' offices and active international trade. He had built the first stone houses in the town and the famous Winter Theater, destroyed during WWII.

1842 Berdiansk became the district center. On January 31, 1845, the first Berdiansk coat of arms was created. At the top, on a green field, is a silver Nogay's nomadic tent together with a black plow; this denotes the semi-nomadic life lived in the Nogays and farming work done by local residents. In the bottom part, on a blue field, sits a black anchor to symbolize the district's affinity with the sea. By this time the customs outpost was already opened. Some foreign marine grain purchasing representatives (negotiators) moved their offices to Berdiansk from Mariupol and Odessa.

Following the completion of the Crimea Bridge, and amidst hostile Ukrainian-Russian relations, Berdiansk sea port authority stated in November 2018 that year on year shipping had dropped 50%. This, they claim, was due to ships not getting permission from Russia to pass through the Kerch strait. Russia denied any disruption to Ukrainian shipping.

On February 27, 2022, Berdiansk was occupied by the Russian Army during the Kherson offensive of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In response, part of the local population protested the occupation while singing the national anthem.

13 March 2022 the Ukrainian website Ukrayinska Pravda stated that on that day hundreds or thousands of people chanting "Berdiansk is Ukraine" on the city streets.

 الديمغرافيا

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1860	10٬100	—
1897	26٬500	+162.4%
1926	26٬400	−0.4%
1939	52٬000	+97.0%
1959	65٬000	+25.0%
1970	100٬000	+53.8%
2001	121٬000	+21.0%

Note: Historical population record is taken out of Encyclopedia of Ukraine.

 التماثيل

شارع المشاة الرئيسي في برديانسك

Flowerbeds in downtown Berdiansk

Roman Catholic Church of St. Mary في برديانسك

Berdiansk has unusual monuments. Along with monuments to Alexander Pushkin and Schmidt there are monuments to the goby-supporter, the sanitary technician, the boy-fisherman, an envious toad, and the children of lieutenant Schmidt. The armchair of desires is also popular. It is said if one sits down on it and thinks of a desire then it will come true. These unusual monuments are being restored on Azov avenue.

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  Fisherman monument in Berdiansk

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  Villagers monument on the city market

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  Envious Toad

 السياحة

Berdiansk Ferris wheel

 الاقتصاد

ميناء برديانسك

One of the main enterprises is the sea trading port, with clients from all over the world. It carries out metal processing, scrap metal, grain, coal, ore, clay, sunflower-seed oil, industrial oils, mineral oil, and pig-iron. There is a complex for processing fertilizers and mineral oil, the container terminal, and a railway depot. Tracks and roads approach all moorings, and all are equipped with electric cranes. Depth in port water area is 8.4 metres (28 feet).

Berdiansk is also an important fisheries centre which is an integral part of the city's food industry. There is also a scientific organisation which does fish research in reservoirs of the Azov basin. It determines stock levels and calculates the annual volumes of withdrawal of such valuable food fish as sturgeon, pike perch, haarder, Azov turbot, Azov gobies, and flounder.

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 الصناعة

During the Soviet period Berdiansk was a powerful industrial centre. There were machine factories of all types, an oil refinery, a fiberglass factory, cable factory, ferroconcrete combine, factory of materials handling equipment, provisions factory, a bread-baking complex, milk plant, a meat-packing plant, a considerable quantity of construction and mounting organizations, commodity railway station and the sea trading port. However, in the early independence years the majority of the large industrial enterprises ceased or were reorganised into smaller private concerns.

Chemical and the petroleum-refining industry is represented by two big enterprises: "AZMOL", and the Berdiansk state fiberglass factory, plus two small enterprises: Limited Liability Company "Fibreglass" and Closed Corporation "Bertie". Public corporation"AZMOL"is engaged in the manufacture of lubricants and packaging, and the development of new products using energy-efficient technologies. Transfer to municipal ownership of the city biological sewage treatment plant is planned.

 التعليم

جامعة المعلمين

As well as the state comprehensive schools there are private lyceums and gymnasiums, as well as branches of other high schools and professional colleges. There is the Berdiansk State Pedagogical University and the University of Management and Business. In the Schmidt park there is the Berdiansk musical school, and nearby, almost on the coast, an art school. A subject of pride in Berdiansk is the Centre of Children's and Youthful Creativity, numbering a large quantity of study groups and ensembles.

According to Ben Eklof in Russian Peasant Schools, education in Berdiansk was badly disrupted in the 1870s when the schools director, a government inspector, 'ran amok' and had to be removed from his post.

 أشخاص بارزون

• Peter Jansen (1852–1923), born in Berdiansk, rancher and founder of Jansen, Nebraska, State Representative and Senator
• Opanas Slastion (1855–1933), painter
• Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930), bacteriologist
• Joel Engel (1868—1927), music critic and composer
• Isaak Brodsky (1883–1939), Soviet-Jewish painter
• Polina Osipenko (1907–1939), Soviet military pilot, was born in a nearby village of Osypenko
• Mikhail Voskresensky (born 1935), Russian pianist
• Tatyana Prorochenko (born 1952), athlete, Olympic champion (in 1976 and 1980)
• Olga Kurylenko (born 1979), model and actor

 البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Berdiansk is twinned with:

• Beibei (Chongqing)، الصين
• Bielsko-Biała، پولندا
• Glyfada، اليونان
• Haisyn، أوكرانيا
• Horodenka، أوكرانيا
• خميلنيك، أوكرانيا
• Kremenchuk، أوكرانيا
• لـُوِل، الولايات المتحدة
• پوتي، جورجيا
• La Seyne-sur-Mer، فرنسا
• يامبول، بلغاريا

 وصلات خارجية

• Media related to برديانسك at Wikimedia Commons
• Berdiansk-City – site of the city of Berdiansk