تشرنيهيڤ

Coordinates: 51°29′38″N 31°17′41″E / 51.49389°N 31.29472°E / 51.49389; 31.29472
يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Chernivtsi.
تشرنيهيڤ
Чернігів
Chernihiv
City
Троїцький монастир.jpg
Літній ранок у Чернігові.jpg
Адміністративний будинок в місті Чернігів.jpg
Будинок колишньої губернської земської управи (Чернігів).jpg
Ночной вид на Пятницкую церковь Чернигов.jpg
Чернігів Стародавній Дитинець Панорама.jpg
From top, left to right: Trinity Monastery, Chernihiv Philharmony, Administrative building, The building of the former provincial zemstvo, Pyatnytska Church, and view of ancient Chernihiv with Transfiguration, Borys and Hlib Cathedrals and Chernihiv Collegium
علم تشرنيهيڤ
Flag
درع تشرنيهيڤ
Coat of arms
الشعار الرسمي لـ تشرنيهيڤ
الكنية: 
مدينة الأساطير
تشرنيهيڤ is located in Chernihiv Oblast
تشرنيهيڤ
تشرنيهيڤ
Location of Chernihiv in Ukraine
تشرنيهيڤ is located in أوكرانيا
تشرنيهيڤ
تشرنيهيڤ
تشرنيهيڤ (أوكرانيا)
الإحداثيات: 51°29′38″N 31°17′41″E / 51.49389°N 31.29472°E / 51.49389; 31.29472
البلدأوكرانيا
الأوبلاستأوبلاست تشرنيهيڤ
الرايونرايون تشرنيهيڤ
First mentioned907
City Status907
Control أوكرانيا
الحكومة
 • MayorVladyslav Atroshenko[1] (uk (Native Home)[1])
المساحة
 • الإجمالي79 كم² (31 ميل²)
المنسوب
136 m (446 ft)
التعداد
 (2021)
 • الإجمالي285٬234
 • الكثافة1٬547/km2 (4٬010/sq mi)
Postal code
14000
مفتاح الهاتف(+380) 462
لوحة السيارةCB / 25
الموقع الإلكترونيchernigiv-rada.gov.ua

Chernihiv (أوكرانية: Чернігів, IPA: [tʃerˈn(j)iɦiu̯]), also known as Chernigov (روسية: Черни́гов; پولندية: Czernihów, IPA: [tʂɛrˈɲixuf]),[أ] is a city and municipality (Chernihiv urban hromada[2]) in northern Ukraine, which serves as the administrative center of the Chernihiv Oblast (province), and Chernihiv Raion (district) within the oblast. Chernihiv's population is 285,234 (2021 est.)[3].

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الجغرافيا

Chernihiv stands on the Desna River 150 km (93 mi) to the north-north-east of Kyiv.

The area was served by Chernihiv Shestovitsa Airport, and during the Cold War it was the site of Chernigiv air base.


التاريخ

Chernihiv was first mentioned (as Черниговъ (Chernigov)) in the Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907), but the time of establishment is not known. According to the items uncovered by archaeological excavations of a settlement which included artifacts from the Khazar Khaganate, it seems to have existed at least in the 9th century. Towards the end of the 10th century, the city probably had its own rulers. It was there that the Black Grave, one of the largest and earliest royal mounds in Eastern Europe, was excavated in the 19th century.

المناخ

Chernihiv has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with cold, cloudy and snowy winters, and warm, sunny summers. The average annual temperature for Chernihiv is 7.0 °C (44.6 °F), ranging from a low of −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) in January to a high of 19.5 °C (67.1 °F) in July. Precipitation is well distributed throughout the year though precipitation is higher during the summer months and lower during the winter months. The record high was 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) and the record low was −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F).

Climate data for تشرنيهيڤ (1991–2020, القصوى 1948–الحاضر)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6) 		16.2
(61.2) 		22.3
(72.1) 		29.7
(85.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		36.0
(96.8) 		41.1
(106.0) 		38.0
(100.4) 		35.5
(95.9) 		27.8
(82.0) 		18.4
(65.1) 		13.1
(55.6) 		41.1
(106.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		5.7
(42.3) 		14.5
(58.1) 		20.8
(69.4) 		24.3
(75.7) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.6
(78.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		12.2
(54.0) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		12.6
(54.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		1.4
(34.5) 		9.0
(48.2) 		15.0
(59.0) 		18.6
(65.5) 		20.5
(68.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.8
(56.8) 		7.5
(45.5) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		8.0
(46.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		3.9
(39.0) 		9.4
(48.9) 		13.0
(55.4) 		15.0
(59.0) 		13.6
(56.5) 		8.8
(47.8) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		3.9
(39.0)
Record low °C (°F) −36
(−33) 		−33.9
(−29.0) 		−29.9
(−21.8) 		−13.9
(7.0) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		1.1
(34.0) 		4.6
(40.3) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−10.8
(12.6) 		−23.5
(−10.3) 		−28
(−18) 		−36
(−33)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 33.5
(1.32) 		37.8
(1.49) 		33.7
(1.33) 		41.4
(1.63) 		54.9
(2.16) 		68.0
(2.68) 		71.0
(2.80) 		59.0
(2.32) 		57.1
(2.25) 		42.0
(1.65) 		48.1
(1.89) 		44.7
(1.76) 		591.2
(23.28)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8.6 8.9 8.2 7.1 8.0 9.2 8.9 7.2 7.9 7.3 8.9 9.7 99.9
Average snowy days 16 13 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 15 64
Average relative humidity (%) 85.6 82.8 77.9 68.8 66.4 70.3 70.7 70.4 77.2 81.5 87.6 87.4 77.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 47.0 68.0 130.1 185.2 277.2 270.7 278.7 259.1 161.2 111.0 41.9 34.3 1٬864٫4
Source 1: Pogoda.ru[4]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (precipitation, humidity, and sun 1981–2010),[5] Weatherbase (snow days)[6]

معرض صور

A panoramic view of the Krasna Square
A Chernihiv panorama from Desna River to Catherine's Church


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مواطنون فخريون

أشخاص بارزون

العلاقات الدولية

بلدات توأم – مدن شقيقة

Chernihiv is currently twinned with:

ملاحظات

  1. ^ Other English renditions of Чернигов include Tchernigov, Tschernigow, Tschernigov, Chernigiv and Chernigow.

ببليوگرافيا

  • Ocherk istorii goroda Chernigova 907–1907 gg. (Chernihiv 1908)
  • Hrushevs'kyi, M. (ed). Chernihiv i Pivnichne Livoberezhzhia (Kyiv 1928)
  • Martin Dimnik. The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146–1246.
  • Rybakov, B. Drevnosti Chernigova (Moscow 1949)
  • Ignatkin, I. Chernigov (Kyiv 1955)
  • Iedomakha, I. Chernihiv (Kyiv 1958)
  • Logvin, G.N. (Г. Н. Логвин) (1965). Chernigov, Novgorod-Seversky, Glukhov, Putivl (Чернигов, Новгород-Северский, Глухов, Путивль) (in الروسية). Moscow.
  • Asieiev, Iu. Arkhitektura Kyïvs'koï Rusi (Kyiv 1969)
  • Karnabida, A. Chernihiv. Istorychno-arkhitekturnyi narys (Kyiv 1969)
  • (1972) Історіа міст і сіл Української CCP – Чернігівська область (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR – Chernihiv Oblast), Kyiv. (in أوكرانية)
  • Asieiev, Iu. Dzherela. Mystetstvo Kyïvs'koï Rusi (Kyiv 1980)
  • Pyotr Rappoport (П. А. Раппопорт) (1993). Ancient Russian Architecture (Древнерусская архитектура) (in الروسية). Saint-Petersburg.

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب Small biography on Vladyslav Atroshenko, Civil movement "Chesno" (in أوكرانية)
  2. ^ "Чернігівська територіальна громада" (in الأوكرانية). decentralization.gov.ua.
  3. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (التعداد الفعلي لأوكرانيا)" (PDF) (in الأوكرانية). مصلحة إحصائيات الدولة الأوكرانية. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  4. ^ Погода и Климат – Климат Чернигов [Weather and Climate – The Climate of Chernihiv] (in الروسية). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  5. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  6. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Chernihiv, Ukraine". Weatherbase. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
  7. ^ "Tarnobrzeg Official Website – Partner Cities". Flag of Poland.svg(in Polish) Urząd Miasta Tarnobrzeg. Archived from the original on 2007-12-18. Retrieved 2008-10-23.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Chernihiv Oblast

قالب:Honorary citizenship

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