سيڤييرودونيتسك

سيڤييرودونيتسك أوكرانية: Сєвєродонецьк روسية: Северодонецк
City of regional significance
Flag Coat of arms
سيڤييرودونيتسك Location of Severodonetsk سيڤييرودونيتسك سيڤييرودونيتسك (أوكرانيا)
الإحداثيات: 48°56′53″N 38°29′36″E
Country	أوكرانيا
Oblast	لوهانسك
Raion	Severodonetsk City
Founded	1934
City status	1958
المساحة
• الإجمالي	50 كم² (20 ميل²)
التعداد  (2021)
• الإجمالي	101٬135
• الكثافة	2٬000/km2 (5٬200/sq mi)
مفتاح الهاتف	+380 6452(645)
Climate	Dfb
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.sed-rada.gov.ua

سيڤييرودونيتسك (Sievierodonetsk ؛ أوكرانية: Сєвєродоне́цьк, romanized: Sievierodonetsk [ˌsʲɛw(j)erodoˈnɛtsʲk])، Sieverodonetsk‏ (أوكرانية: Сєверодоне́цьк, romanized: Sieverodonetsk [ˌsʲɛwe-]) أو Severodonetsk‏ (روسية: Северодоне́цк, romanized: Severodonetsk [ˌsʲevʲɪrədɐˈnʲetsk]) is a city in the Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine, located to the northeast of the left bank of the Siverskyi Donets river and approximately 110 km (68 mi) to the northwest from the Oblast capital, Luhansk. It faces Lysychansk across the river. The city, whose name means North Donetsk, has a population of 101,135 (2021 est.), making it the second most populous city in the oblast. Sievierodonetsk is a city of regional significance.

Since 2014, Sievierodonetsk has served as the administrative center of Luhansk Oblast, due to the city of Luhansk falling under the control of the pro-Russian separatist Luhansk People's Republic during the War in Donbas. As part of the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine, Sievierodonetsk has become under attack by Russian forces during the Battle of Donbas.

Sievierodonetsk has several factories and a significant chemical production centre "Azot" (English translation: Nitrogen). There is also a domestic airport six km (3.7 mi) to the south of the city.

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 التاريخ

The town appears on older maps as Donets (Donetz, Donez) after the river Siverskyi Donets.

The foundation of modern Sievierodonetsk is closely connected with the beginning of construction of the Lysychansk Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant within the limits of the city of Lysychansk in 1934. Donets itself was already combined with Lysychansk. The first settlement of workers on the construction site was Liskhimstroi, near by Donets. In September 1935, the first school was opened in the settlement, a silicate brick plant started production, and the first three residential two-story houses were built. In 1940, there were 47 houses, a school, a club, a kindergarten, a nursery, and 10 buildings of a chemical combine in Liskhimstroi.

During the Second World War, Liskhimstroi was occupied by German troops on July 11, 1942. It was liberated by the Red Army on February 1, 1943. Work to restore and expand the Lysychansk Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant began on December 10, 1943. By 1946, the pre-war housing stock was completely restored, which amounted to 17,000 square meters.

In 1950, four variants of a new name for Liskhimstroi were proposed: Svetlograd, Komsomolsk-on-Donets, Mendeleevsk, and Sievierodonetsk. In the same year, Liskhimstroi was renamed Sievierodonetsk, after the Siverskyi Donets River, and received the status of an urban settlement. January 1, 1951, the chemical plant produced its first output of ammonium nitrate.

A local newspaper has been published in the city since April 1965.

 القلاقل المؤيدة لروسيا في أوكرانيا 2014

During the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine, the town was captured late May 2014 by pro-Russian militants. No Ukrainian presidential election in 2014 was held in the city as the militants did not allow the voting places to open and much of Election Commission's property was either stolen or destroyed. On 22 July 2014, Ukrainian forces regained control of the city. Heavy fighting continued around the city for a number of days; on 23 July 2014 the National Guard of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Army released a statement that said they were "continuing the cleansing of Sieverodonetsk".

A bridge across Siverskyi Donets river was severely damaged during the war in 2014; it was re-opened in December 2016. The European Union contributed 93.8% of the funding for the restoration.

 الغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا

During the larger Battle of Donbas of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Sievierodonetsk is the site of the Battle of Sievierodonetsk. On May 28, the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov claimed that the city was "under [Russia's] full control".

 السكان

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1939 5٬000 —     1959 33٬200 +564.0% 1970 90٬000 +171.1%

Year Pop. ±% 1975 107٬000 +18.9% 1991 131٬000 +22.4% 2009 121٬000 −7.6%

Ethnicity of the city's residents as of the 2001 census:

• Ukrainians: 59%
• Russians: 38.7%
• Belarusians: 0.6%
• Other: 1.7%

 Economy

Chemical industries active in Sievierdonetsk include:

• "Azot" – one of the largest chemical plants in Europe.
• Khimpostavschik, a private enterprise.
• Himexele

 الرياضة

The first Ukrainian championship in bandy was held in the city in February 2012. Azot Severodonetsk became champions.

 أشخاص

• Nikolay Davydenko
• Snejana Onopka

 وصلات خارجية

• (in أوكرانية) Official website, http://www.sed-rada.gov.ua/ 
• (in روسية) City portal