كريڤي ريخ
كريڤي ريخ
Кривий Ріг | |
|---|---|
| Kryvyi Rih | |
| الترجمة اللفظية بالـ الأوكرانية | |
| • الوطنية | Kryvyi Rih |
| • ALA-LC | Kryvyĭ Rih |
| • BGN/PCGN | Kryvyy Rih |
| • Scholarly | Kryvyj Rih |
 من أعلى اليسار: Savior Transfiguration Cathedral, ArcelorMittal, Kryvyi Rih Main Station, Maksyma Hor'koho Square, Inhulets-Saksahan boat station | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| الشعار: Life-long city | |
| النشيد: Anthem of Krivoy Rog | |
  كريڤي ريخ Location of Kryvyi Rih in Ukraine | |
| الإحداثيات: 47°54′N 33°21′E / 47.900°N 33.350°E | |
| Country |  أوكرانيا |
| Province |  دنپروپتروڤسك |
| District |  Kryvyi Rih
|
| Historic Governorates | Kherson Yekaterinoslav |
| Founded | 1775 (249 years ago) |
| Town charter | 1860 |
| City status | 1919 |
| Administrative HQ | Kryvyi Rih City Hall, Ploshcha (Square) Molodizhna |
| Raions | List of 7 |
| الحكومة | |
| • النوع | City council, regional |
| • Mayor | City council secretary Yuri Vilkul (Mayor de (Konstantyn Pavlov) died on 15 August 2021, since then his powers are temporarily exercised by the city council secretary)[1] (Vilkul Bloc – Ukrainian Perspective[1]) |
| • Governing body | Kryvyi Rih City Council |
| المساحة | |
| • City of regional significance | 430 كم² (170 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 84 m (276 ft) |
| التعداد (2021) | |
| • City of regional significance |  612٬750 |
| • الترتيب | 7th, UA |
| • العمرانية | 1٬010٬000 |
| صفة المواطن | Kryvorizhets, Kryvorozhanka, Kryvorizhtsi |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 50000-50479 |
| Area code | +380 56(4) |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | krmisto |
كريڤي ريخ ( Kryvyi Rih ؛ أوكرانية: Криви́й Ріг IPA: [krɪˌwɪj ˈr⁽ʲ⁾iɦ](
استمع), lit. 'المعطف الملتوي' أو 'القرن المعقوف')[3] or Krivoy Rog (روسية: Кривой Рог [krʲɪˌvoj ˈrok]) is the largest city in central Ukraine and 7th most populous city in the country;[4] 2nd biggest city in the country by area (not counting occupied Sevastopol). It lies within a large urban area and serves as the administrative center of Kryvyi Rih Raion. It hosts the administration of Kryvyi Rih urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[5] Population: 612,750 (2021 est.)[6]
Located at the confluence of the Saksahan and Inhulets rivers, Kryvyi Rih has been a major settlement for most of its history. It was founded as a postal station in 1775 by the Cossacks. Developed as a military settlement until 1860, it formed part of Kherson Governorate. It was incorporated during the 20th century with areas of Yekaterinoslav. The settlement began to expand "at an astonishing rate" at the beginning of the 1880s. Kryvyi Rih's urbanization was unplanned and stimulated by mining exploitation. French and English investment contributed to a boom in metallurgy, iron mining, and investigation of rich deposits of iron ore. The Catherinine Railway was built in 1884 to transport iron ore to the Donbas. This catalyzed the growth of Kryvyi Rih into a major industrial town; it gained city status in 1919.
Nationalization and investment spurred by Soviet authorities led to extensive growth. In 1934 Kryvorizhstal was built, the first of more than 500 factories. Kryvyi Rih National University was founded here. Financially, the city's postwar growth after the Nazi occupation increased after 1965 due to economic reforms. Also, investment spurred by Ukrainian Independence, institution of a market economy led to extensive regeneration, particularly in the city centre.
اعتبارا من 2016[تحديث] Kryvyi Rih is arguably the main steel-industry city of Eastern Europe. It is a large, globally important centre of the iron-ore mining and metallurgy region, known as the Kryvbas.
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التاريخ
أصل الاسم
The city was founded in the 18th century by Zaporozhian Cossacks. Kryvyi Rih in Ukrainian literally means "Crooked Horn" or "Curved Cape". According to local legend, the city was founded by a "crooked" (Ukrainian slang for one-eyed) Cossack named Rih.[7] But, records pre-dating the founding of the city refer to the area by the same name. It appears based on the shape of the landmass formed by the confluence of the river Saksahan with the Inhulets.
التاريخ المبكر
The Inhulets Palanka (an administrative division of the Zaporizhian Sich, a polity of the Cossacks) was established in 1734. A list of villages and winter camps from that time mentions Kryvyi Rih. In 1770[8] the camp of Zaporizhian Sich was founded.[9] Four years later Johann Anton Güldenstädt visited the area and made the first survey and scientific description.
في 8 مايو 1775، عقب انتهاء الحرب التركية الروسية، افتتحت السلطات الروسية مكتب بريد ثم سكة حديدية، تربط هذه المستوطنة بكل من Kremenchuk, Kinburn foreland and Ochakov, all garrisons of the Imperial Russian Army. The station was tended by five Cossacks.
الثقافة
 One of the biggest flower clocks in Europe is here; a local history museum is inside of it.[10] |
Kryvyi Rih has a thriving theatre, circus and dance scene, and is home to a number of large performance venues. The first theater was the Coliseum, built in 1908. The New Theatre of Vyzenberh and Hrushevskyy followed in 1911, at the corner of Lenina and Kalynychenko streets. Kryvbas Theatre began its activities in 1931, and three years later was incorporated with the Shevchenko Theater. There are also the Doll Theatre and Movement Theatre.
المعالم
Kryvyi Rih Botanical Gardens of NAS
Shevchenko Theatre
Central Art Square
Pushkin park in snow
الجغرافيا
 Red-colored ground is common because of the iron oxides. |
المناخ
Kryvyi Rih experiences a dry warm continental climate (Dfa) according to the Köppen climate classification system, like much of southern Ukraine. This tends to generate warm summers and cold winters with relatively low precipitation. Snowfalls are not common in the city, due to the urban warming effect. However,[11] districts that surround the city receive more snow and roads leading out of the city can be closed[12] due to snow.
| Climate data for كريڤي ريخ (1991–2020، القصوى 1948–الحاضر) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
35.8 (96.4) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.6 (101.5) |
39.6 (103.3) |
36.4 (97.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
15.3 (59.5) |
39.6 (103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.7 (30.7) |
1.0 (33.8) |
7.2 (45.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
2.7 (36.9) |
10.2 (50.4) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
9.6 (49.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.0 (21.2) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.4 (61.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.3 (41.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.1 (−24.0) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.3 (45.1) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−24.5 (−12.1) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30 (1.2) |
27 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
33 (1.3) |
48 (1.9) |
61 (2.4) |
52 (2.0) |
35 (1.4) |
39 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
34 (1.3) |
33 (1.3) |
455 (17.9) |
| Average rainy days | 9 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 125 |
| Average snowy days | 14 | 13 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 4 | 12 | 51 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86.8 | 84.2 | 79.0 | 66.0 | 62.0 | 66.8 | 64.0 | 61.4 | 67.8 | 76.2 | 86.2 | 87.9 | 74.0 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010)[14] | |||||||||||||
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الديمغرافيا
| التجمعات القومية | |
|---|---|
| روس | |
| أرمن | |
| مولداڤ | |
| پولنديون | |
| يهود | |
| غجر | |
| گرج | |
 |
الاقتصاد
في 2020 Kryvyi Rih's share in Ukraine's national GDP was estimated to be about 7%.[15] In mid-2014 Kryvyi Rih had an IPI of ₴41.6bn[16][17] (about $3bn[18]) with 17.9% growth. Export reached $2.520m (4.9% decrease), Import - $276m. City got $4.899m of foreign Investmentments, mainly from Germany, Cyprus, Netherlands, and the UK.
Official unemployment throughout 2014 averaged 0.63%. Average wage is ₴4.022 ($266,[18] 19.4% more than average Ukraine).[16][17]
Processing and mining industry - the two largest sectors of Kryvyi Rih. Rest fraction is about 50%. City has over 53[19] plants, mines and factories. ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih, owned by ArcelorMittal since 2005 is the largest private company by revenue in Ukraine,[20] producing over 7 million tonnes of crude steel, and mined over 17 million tonnes of iron ore. As of 2011, the company employed about 37 000 people. 4 Iron Ore Enrichment Works of Metinvest are a large contributors to the UA's balance of payments. Another giants of city are Evraz mining company and HeidelbergCement.[16][17]
النقل
مطار كريڤي ريخ الدولي is the airport that serves the city. It is located 17.5 كم شمال غرب مدينة كريڤي ريخ.
البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة
مدن صديقة
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
الهامش
- ^ أ ب (in أوكرانية) Ex-mayor of Kryvyi Rih Vilkul will rule the city again, Ukrayinska Pravda (25 August 2021)
- ^ "Kryvyi Rih (Ternopil Oblast, Kryvyi Rih Raion)". weather.in.ua. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
- ^ Oxford Dictionaries. "Kryvyi Rih". Oxford University Press, 2013. Accessed 27 August 2013.
- ^ "UA population estimates". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 2014-11-02.
- ^ "Криворожская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (التعداد الفعلي لأوكرانيا)" (PDF) (in الأوكرانية). مصلحة إحصائيات الدولة الأوكرانية. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Комаров В.О. Iсторiя Криворiжжя Днепропетровск: Сiч, 1992". kryvyirih.dp.ua. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
- ^ "Історична хроніка подій 1734-1900. Олександр О.Мельник, ведучий науковий співробітник Криворізького історико-краєзнавчого музею". kryvyirih.dp.ua. Archived from the original on 2014-11-02.
- ^ В. Ізмайлов. Подорож у полуденну Росію в 1799 р. у листах, виданих Володимиром Ізмайловим
- ^ "World's biggest floral clock begins to tick off time in Ukraine's Kryvyi Rih". Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ "Кривой Рог встретил снегопад во всеоружии?". Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ новостей, Независимое бюро. "Независимое бюро новостей - Из-за сильных снегопадов заблокировано движение в четырех областях Украины". Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ Климат Кривого Рога [Climate of Kryvyi Rih] (in الروسية). Pogoda.ru.net. 2016. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ (in روسية)[1], Segodnya (4 October 2020)
- ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةKryvyi Rih City Council - ^ أ ب ت "Економічний прогноз. Кривий Ріг". Kryvyi Rih City Council. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
- ^ أ ب "XE: UAH / USD Currency Chart. Ukrainian Hryvnia to US Dollar Rates". Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ "Промышленно-производственные предприятия - Кривой Рог". Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ Top Ukrainian Companies By Revenue
- ^ "Міжнародна співпраця". kr.gov.ua (in الأوكرانية). Kryvyi Rih. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
ببليوگرافيا
- Криворожье. Справочник-путеводитель / Днепропетровск: Днепропетровское книжное издательство, 1963. — 162 с. (in Russian)
- Кривому Рогу — 200. Историко-экономический очерк / Редколлегия: П. Л. Варгатюк и др. — Днепропетровск: «Промінь», 1975. — 208 с. (in Russian)
- Новик Л. И. Кривой Рог: Путеводитель-справочник / Л. И. Новик, Д. И. Кан. — Днепропетровск: «Промiнь», 1986. — 191 с., цв. ил. (in Russian)
- Пахомов А. Г., Борьба трудящихся Криворожья за власть Советов / А. Г. Пахомов. — Днепропетровск: Днепропетровское областное издательство, 1958. — 204 с. (in Russian)
- Альбом Кривой Рог-Гданцевка. 1899. (in German)
- Кривой Рог: Фотоальбом. — Киев: «Мистецтво», 1971. — 137 с., цв. ил. (in Ukrainian)
- Кривий Ріг: Фотоальбом. — Киев: «Мистецтво», 1976. — 146 с., цв. ил. (in Ukrainian)
- Кривий Ріг: Фотоальбом. — Киев: «Мистецтво», 1983. — 143 с., цв. ил. (in Ukrainian)
- Кривий Ріг: Фотоальбом. — Киев: «Мистецтво», 1989. — 144 с., цв. ил. (in Ukrainian)
- Кривий Ріг — моє місто / Тамара Трофанова. — Кривий Ріг: Видавничий дім, 2009. — [36] с.: фотогр. — 3500 (1 завод-1000) экз. — ISBN 978-966-177-038-5. (in Ukrainian)
- Кривий Ріг: фотоальбом / редкол.: Г. П. Гончарук (ред.) и др.; фотогр. А. Соловьёв. — Д.: АРТ-ПРЕСС, 2010. — 152 с.: фотогр. — на укр. и англ. языках. — 2200 экз. — ISBN 978-966-348-227-9. Посвящён 235-летию Кривого Рога. (in Ukrainian)
- Рукавицын И. А. Привет из Кривого Рога / И. А. Рукавицын. — К.: Арт-Технология, 2014. — 104 с.: ил. (русский язык)
- Визначні місця України / Київ: Держполітвидав УРСР, 1961. — 787 с. (in Ukrainian)
- Криворожский горнорудный институт. К 50-летию института / Коллектив авторов. — Издательство Львовского университета, 1972. — 184 с. (in Russian)
- Грушевой К. С. Тогда, в сорок первом… / К. С. Грушевой. — Москва, 1972. — 78 с. (in Russian)
- Мельник О. О., Криворіжжя: від визволення до перемоги. Хроніка подій з 22 лютого 1944 до 9 травня 1945 р / О. О. Мельник. — Кривий Ріг: Видавничий дім, 2004. — 56 с. (in Ukrainian)
- Советская историческая энциклопедия / Москва: «Советская энциклопедия», 1965. — Том 8, С. 150–151. (in Russian)
- Украинская советская энциклопедия. Том 5 (in Ukrainian), — С. 499–500. (in Russian)
- История Городов и Сёл Украинской ССР (в 26 томах). Том Днепропетровская область, — С. 285–323. (in Russian)
- Фокин Е. И. Хроника рядового разведчика. Фронтовая разведка в годы Великой Отечественной войны. 1943—1945 гг. / Е. И. Фокин. — М.: ЗАО «Центрполиграф», 2006. — 285 с. — (На линии фронта. Правда о войне). Тираж 6 000 экз. ISBN 5-9524-2338-8. (in Russian)
- Географический энциклопедический словарь. Географические названия. Издание второе, дополненное / Гл. ред. А. Ф. Трёшников. — Москва: «Советская энциклопедия», 1989. (in Russian)
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وصلات خارجية
- Kryvyi Rih administration website (in أوكرانية and إنگليزية)
- كريڤي ريخ at Curlie
- 1kr City News (in روسية)
- Google Maps Satellite Image of Kryvyi Rih
- Testing the mettle of Ukraine's steel city from the BBC World News
- The murder of the Jews of Kryvyi Rih during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
أماكن قريبة من كريڤي ريخ | |
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- Kryvyi Rih
- Populated places established in the 18th century
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- 18th-century establishments in Ukraine
- Khersonsky Uyezd