صندوق ثروة سيادي

صندوق ثروة سيادي هو صندوق مملوك من قبل دولة يتكون من اصول مثل الأراضي، أو الأسهم، أو السندات أو أجهزة إستثمارية أخرى. من الممكن وصف هذه الصناديق ككينات تدير فوائض دولة من أجل الإستثمار.

التاريخ

صناديق الثروة السيادية المبكرة

الطبيعة والغرض

مخاوف حول صناديق الثروة السيادية

مصلحة حكومية في 2008

مبادئ سانتياغو

صناديق الثروة السيادية الجديدة المنشأة في الولايات القضائية المتقدمة منذ عام 2010

حجم صناديق الثروة السيادية

أكبر صناديق الثروة السيادية

Country	Abbreviation	Fund	Assets, billions USD^[1]	Inception	Origin
Norway	GPF	Government Pension Fund - Global	&&&&&&&&&&&01007.&&&&&01٬007	1990	Oil
China	CIC	China Investment Corporation	&&&&&&&&&&&&0941.400000941٫4	2007	Non-commodity
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi	ADIA	Abu Dhabi Investment Authority	&&&&&&&&&&&&0828.&&&&&0828	1976	Oil
Kuwait	KIA	Kuwait Investment Authority	&&&&&&&&&&&&0642.&&&&&0642	1953	Oil, Non-commodity
Saudi Arabia	SAMA	SAMA Foreign Holdings	&&&&&&&&&&&&0514.&&&&&0514	1952	Oil
Hong Kong	HKMA	Hong Kong Monetary Authority Investment Portfolio	&&&&&&&&&&&&0456.600000456٫6	1993	Non-commodity
China	SAFE	SAFE Investment Company	&&&&&&&&&&&&0441.&&&&&0441^[أ]	1997	Non-commodity
Singapore	GIC	GIC Private Limited	&&&&&&&&&&&&0359.&&&&&0359	1981	Non-commodity
Qatar	QIA	Qatar Investment Authority	&&&&&&&&&&&&0320.&&&&&0320	2003	Oil
Canada	CDPQ	Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec	&&&&&&&&&&&&0308.&&&&&0308	1965	Non-commodity
China	NSSF	National Social Security Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&0295.&&&&&0295	2000	Non-commodity
Canada	CPPIB	Canada Pension Plan Investment Board	&&&&&&&&&&&&0254.300000254٫3	1997	Non-commodity
United Arab Emirates Dubai	ICD	Investment Corporation of Dubai	&&&&&&&&&&&&0209.500000209٫5	2006	Oil
Singapore	TH	Temasek Holdings	&&&&&&&&&&&&0308.&&&&&0308	1974	Non-commodity
Saudi Arabia	PIF/Sanabil	Public Investment Fund/Sanabil Investments	&&&&&&&&&&&&0183.&&&&&0183	2008	Oil
Malaysia	KN	Khazanah Nasional	&&&&&&&&&&&&0160.&&&&&0160	1993	Non-commodity
قالب:Country data SA South Africa	PIC	Public Investment Corporation	&&&&&&&&&&&&0160.&&&&&0160	1911	Non-Commodity^[2]
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi	MDC	Mubadala Investment Company	&&&&&&&&&&&&0125.&&&&&0125	2002	Oil
South Korea	KIC	Korea Investment Corporation	&&&&&&&&&&&&0122.300000122٫3	2005	Non-commodity
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi	ADIC	Abu Dhabi Investment Council	&&&&&&&&&&&&0110.&&&&&0110	2007	Oil
Australia	AFF	Future Fund^[3]	&&&&&&&&&&&&0102.300000102٫3	2006	Non-commodity
Iran	NDF	National Development Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&091.&&&&&091	1999	Oil
Russia	RNWF	Russian National Wealth Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&076.30000076٫3	2008	Oil
France	BPIfrance	Bpifrance	&&&&&&&&&&&&&068.35000068٫35 ( €59.736 billion)	2012	Non-commodity
Libya	LIA	Libyan Investment Authority	&&&&&&&&&&&&&066.&&&&&066	2006	Oil
Kazakhstan	KNF	Kazakhstan National Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&064.70000064٫7	2000	Oil
Kazakhstan	S-K JSC	Samruk-Kazyna JSC	&&&&&&&&&&&&&060.90000060٫9	2008	Non-commodity
United States of America Alaska	APF	Alaska Permanent Fund^[4]	&&&&&&&&&&&&&064.90000064٫9	1976	Oil
Brunei	BIA	Brunei Investment Agency	&&&&&&&&&&&&&040.&&&&&040	1983	Oil
United States of America Texas	PSF	Permanent School Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&037.70000037٫7^[5]^[6]	1854	Public Lands
United Arab Emirates (Federal)	EIA	Emirates Investment Authority	&&&&&&&&&&&&&034.&&&&&034	2007	Oil
Azerbaijan	SOFAZ	State Oil Fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan^[7]	&&&&&&&&&&&&&033.10000033٫1	1999	Oil
Norway	GPF	Government Pension Fund - Norway	&&&&&&&&&&&&&030.60000030٫6	1967	Non-commodity
Germany	NWDF	Nuclear Waste Disposal Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&027.80000027٫8 (€24.1bn)	2017	nuclear power plant operators
France	FSI	Fonds stratégique d'investissement	&&&&&&&&&&&&&025.19000025٫19	2008	Non-commodity
New Zealand	NZSF	New Zealand Superannuation Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&026.60000026٫6	2003	Non-commodity
Turkey	TWF	Turkey Wealth Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&024.&&&&&024	2016	Natural resources & Non-commodity
United States of America Texas	PUF	Permanent University Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&021.&&&&&021٫0^[8]	1876	Public Lands
United States of America New Mexico	NMSIC	New Mexico State Investment Council	&&&&&&&&&&&&&020.20000020٫2	1958	Non-commodity
Oman	SGRF	State General Reserve Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&018.&&&&&018	1980	Oil & Gas
Timor Leste	TLPF	Timor-Leste Petroleum Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&016.60000016٫6	2005	Oil & Gas
Russia	RRF	Russian Reserve Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&016.20000016٫2	2008	Oil
Chile	SESF	Social and Economic Stabilization Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&014.70000014٫7	2007	Copper
Canada Alberta	AHSTF	Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund^[9]	&&&&&&&&&&&&&013.40000013٫4	1976	Oil
Russia	RDIF	Russian Direct Investment Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013	2011	Non-commodity
Bahrain	MHC	Mumtalakat Holding Company	&&&&&&&&&&&&&010.60000010٫6	2006	Oil
Chile	PRF	Pension Reserve Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&09.4000009٫4	2006	Copper
Ireland	NPRF	National Pensions Reserve Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.5000008٫5	2001	Non-commodity
Peru	FSF	Fiscal Stabilization Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.9000007٫9	1999	Non-commodity
Algeria	RRF	Revenue Regulation Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.6000007٫6	2000	Oil
United States of America Wyoming	PWMTF	Permanent Wyoming Mineral Trust Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.3000007٫3	1974	Minerals
Brazil	SFB	Sovereign Fund of Brazil	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.3000007٫3	2008	Non-commodity
Mexico	ORSFM	Oil Revenues Stabilization Fund of Mexico	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06	2000	Oil
Oman	OIF	Oman Investment Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06	2006	Oil
Botswana	PF	Pula Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.7000005٫7	1996	Diamonds & Minerals
Trinidad & Tobago	HSF	[1]	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.5000005٫5	2007	Oil
China	CADF	China-Africa Development Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05	2007	Non-commodity
Angola	FSDEA	Fundo Soberano de Angola	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.6000004٫6	2012	Oil
United States of America North Dakota	NDLF	North Dakota Legacy Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.3000004٫3	2011	Oil & Gas
India	NIIF	National Investment and Infrastructure Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04٫0	2015	Natural resources & Non-commodity
Colombia	CSSF	Colombia Savings and Stabilization Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.5000003٫5	2011	Oil & Mining
United States of America Alabama	ATF	Alabama Trust Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.7000002٫7	1985	Oil & Gas
Kazakhstan	NIC	National Investment Corporation	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02	2012	Oil
United States of America Utah	SIFTO	Utah-SITFO	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02	1896	Land & Mineral Royalties
United States of America Idaho	IEFIB	Idaho Endowment Fund Investment Board	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02	1969	Land & Mineral Royalties
Nigeria (Bayelsa State)	BDIC	Bayelsa Development and Investment Corporation	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.5000001٫5	2012	Non-commodity
Nigeria	NSIA	Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.4000001٫4	2011	Oil
United States of America Louisiana	LEQTF	Louisiana Education Quality Trust Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.3000001٫3	1986	Oil & Gas
Panama	FAP	Fondo de Ahorro de Panama	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.2000001٫2	2012	Non-commodity
United Arab Emirates قالب:Country data Ra's al Khaymah Ra's al Khaymah	RIA	RAKIA	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.2000001٫2	2005	Credits obtained via RAK Government
Bolivia	FINPRO	Fund for Productive Industrial Revolution	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.2000001٫2	2012	Non-commodity
United States of America Oregon	CSF	Oregon Common School Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.2000001٫2^[10]	1859	Public Lands
Senegal	SSIF	Senegal Strategic Investment Fund - FONSIS	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01	2012	Non-commodity
Iraq	DFI	Development Fund for Iraq	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.9000000٫9	2003	Oil
Palestine	PIF	Palestine Investment Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.8000000٫8	2003	Non-commodity
Venezuela	FEM	FEM - Macroeconomic Stabilization Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.8000000٫8	1998	Oil
Kiribati	RERF	Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.6000000٫6	1956	Phosphates
Vietnam	SCIC	State Capital Investment Corporation	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.5000000٫5	2006	Non-commodity
Ghana	GPF	Ghana Petroleum Funds	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.4500000٫45	2011	Oil
Gabon	GSWF	Sovereign Fund of the Gabonese Republic	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.4000000٫4	1998	Oil
Algeria	FNI	Fonds National d'Investissements	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.3500000٫35	2015	Non-commodity
Mauritania	NFHR	National Fund for Hydrocarbon Reserves	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.3000000٫3	2006	Oil & Gas
Australia Western Australia	WAFF	Western Australian Future Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.3000000٫3	2012	Minerals
Mongolia	FSF	Fiscal Stability Fund	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.3000000٫3	2011	Mining
Equatorial Guinea	FFG	Fund for Future Generations	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&800000٫08	2002	Oil
Papua New Guinea	PNGSWF	Papua New Guinea Sovereign Wealth Fund	X	2011	Gas
Turkmenistan	TSF	Turkmenistan Stabilization Fund	X	2008	Oil & Gas
United States of America West Virginia	WVFF	West Virginia Future Fund	X	2014	Oil & Gas
Mexico	FMP	Fondo Mexicano del Petroleo para la Estabilizacion y el Desarrollo	X	2014	Oil & Gas
United Arab Emirates قالب:Country data Sharjah Sharjah	SAM	Sharjah Asset Management	X	2008	Non-commodity
Rwanda	AGDF	Agaciro Development Fund^[11]	.046^[12]	2012	Non-commodity

^ This number is a best-guess estimation by the Sovereign Wealth Funds Institute.

أنظر أيضا

المصادر

^ "Sovereign Wealth Funds Institute". Swfinstitute.org. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
^ "PIC | Public Investment Corporation". www.pic.gov.za (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2018-04-06.
^ "Future Fund". Future Fund. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
^ "Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation web site". Apfc.org. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
^ "Texas Permanent School Fund". Texas Education Agency Website. TEA. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
^ "Permanent School Funds Hits $25B Level". Texas Education Agency Website. TEA. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
^ "ARDNF - Azərbaycan Respublikası Dövlət Neft Fondu - Home". www.oilfund.az (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-08-07.
^ "Permanent University Fund Semi-Annual Report" (PDF). University of Texas/Texas A&M Investment Management Company. December 31, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
^ "Government of Alberta – Finance (AHSTF)". Finance.alberta.ca. 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
^ "About the Common School Fund". Oregon Department of State Lands. June 30, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
^ "Agaciro Development Fund". Agaciro Development Fund. November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
^ Bizimungu, Julius (September 19, 2018). "In 2013, the Fund was valued at Rwf20.5 billion before growing to Rwf41 billion last year". The New Times. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

قراءة متعمقة

Natural Resource Governance Institute & Columbia Center for Sustainable Investment "Managing the Public Trust: How to make natural resource funds work for citizens", 2014. [2]
Castelli Massimiliano and Fabio Scacciavillani "The New Economics of Sovereign Wealth Funds", John Wiley & Sons, 2012
Saleem H. Ali and Gary Flomenhoft. "Innovating Sovereign Wealth Funds". Policy Innovations, February 17, 2011.
M. Nicolas J. Firzli and Vincent Bazi, World Pensions Council (WPC) Asset Owners Report: “Infrastructure Investments in an Age of Austerity: The Pension and Sovereign Funds Perspective”, USAK/JTW July 30, 2011 and Revue Analyse Financière, Q4 2011
M. Nicolas J. Firzli and Joshua Franzel. "Non-Federal Sovereign Wealth Funds in the United States and Canada". Revue Analyse Financière, Q3 2014
Xu Yi-chong and Gawdat Bahgat, eds. The Political Economy of Sovereign Wealth Funds (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 272 pages; case studies of SWFs in China, Kuwait, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and other countries.
Lixia, Loh. "Sovereign Wealth Funds: States Buying the World" (Global Professional Publishing: 2010).
Thatcher, Mark and Vlandas, Tim (2016) "Overseas state outsiders as new sources of patient capital: government policies to welcome Sovereign Wealth Fund investment in France and Germany". Socio-Economic Review. ISSN 1475-1461

وصلات خارجية

SWF Institute Organization dedicated to Studying Sovereign Wealth Funds
International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds IFSWF is a voluntary group of SWFs - Set up by IMF
Balin, Bryan J. (2010). "The impact of the global economic crisis on sovereign wealth funds". Asian-Pacific Economic Literature. 24: 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8411.2010.01246.x.
Sovereign Wealth Fund Rank SWF Rankings
The impact of sovereign wealth funds on global financial markets - European Central Bank, Occasional Paper No 91. July 2008.
Linaburg-Maduell Transparency Index - Point system on grading sovereign wealth fund transparency
Santiago Principles

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[2] This number is a best-guess estimation by the Sovereign Wealth Funds Institute.

[1] "Sovereign Wealth Funds Institute". Swfinstitute.org. Retrieved 2016-10-05.

[3] "PIC | Public Investment Corporation". www.pic.gov.za (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2018-04-06.

[4] "Future Fund". Future Fund. Retrieved 2016-10-05.

[5] "Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation web site". Apfc.org. Retrieved 2016-10-05.

[TEA_PSF-6] "Texas Permanent School Fund". Texas Education Agency Website. TEA. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[PUF_2010_Valuation-7] "Permanent School Funds Hits $25B Level". Texas Education Agency Website. TEA. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[8] "ARDNF - Azərbaycan Respublikası Dövlət Neft Fondu - Home". www.oilfund.az (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-08-07.

[9] "Permanent University Fund Semi-Annual Report" (PDF). University of Texas/Texas A&M Investment Management Company. December 31, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2018.

[10] "Government of Alberta – Finance (AHSTF)". Finance.alberta.ca. 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2016-10-05.

[11] "About the Common School Fund". Oregon Department of State Lands. June 30, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2015.

[12] "Agaciro Development Fund". Agaciro Development Fund. November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

[13] Bizimungu, Julius (September 19, 2018). "In 2013, the Fund was valued at Rwf20.5 billion before growing to Rwf41 billion last year". The New Times. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

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v t e تجارة دولية
التعاريف	ميزان المدفوعات • حساب جاري (ميزان التجارة) • حساب رأس المال • احتياطي النقد الأجنبي • Net Capital Outflow • ميزة نسبية • ميزة مطلقة • تصنيع استبدال الواردات • تجارة دولية
منظمات و سياسيات	منظمة التجارة العالمية • منظمة الجمارك العالمية • صندوق النقد الدولي • البنك الدولي • مركز التجارة العالمي • كتلة تجارية • منطقة التجارة الحرة • عوائق تجارية
المدارس الفكرية	تجارة حرة • تجارة متوازنة • مركانتيلية • الحمائية
قوائم	إتفاقيات التجارة الحرة • كتلة تجارية •

v t e قوائم البلدان حسب الترتيبات المالية
التجارة	الحساب الجاري % من ن.م.إ. الصادرات الصافية للفرد الواردات معدل التجارة-إلى-ن.إ. معدل التعريفة الشركاء التجاريون الرائدون
الاستثمار	المتلقى الماضي في الخارج ص.إ.ث.
التمويلات	احتياطيات الفوركس احتياطيات الفوركس (عدا الذهب) احتياطيات الذهب صناديق الثروة السيادية صناديق المعاشات البلدان الدائنة البلدان المدينة
الميزانية والديون	الميزانية الحكومية ق.ش.م. % من ن.م.إ. للفرد Credit rating External debt Public debt future Household debt Corporate debt
الدخل والضرائب	Tax rates Inheritance tax Tax revenue Wage average median minimum
معدلات البنوك	معدل فائدة البنك المركزي Commercial bank prime lending rate
العملة	Exchange rates to US$ معدل التضخم
أخرى	Financial Development Index Corporate governance Development aid Ease of doing business Gross national savings التوظيف/البطالة الأصول المالية الصحة
قائمة البلدان حسب ن.م.إ. قوائم حسب البلد قائمة الترتيبات الدولية قائمة الترتيبات الدولية حسب البلد