شيگى‌رو يوشيدا

شيگـِرو يوشيدا 吉田 茂
رئيس وزراء اليابان
في المنصب 22 مايو 1946 – 24 مايو 1947
العاهل	شووا
الحاكم	دوغلاس ماك آرثر
سبقه	كيجورو شيديهارا
خلـَفه	تتسو كاتاياما
في المنصب 15 أكتوبر 1948 – 10 ديسمبر 1954
العاهل	شووا
الحاكم	دوگلاس ماك آرثر ماثيو ريدجواي
سبقه	هيتوشي أشيدا
خلـَفه	إيتشيرو هاتوياما
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد	(1878-09-22)22 سبتمبر 1878 يوكوسوكا, اليابان
توفي	20 أكتوبر 1967(1967-10-20) (aged 89) طوكيو، اليابان
الحزب	الحزب الليبرالي الديمقراطي (1955–1967)
ارتباطات سياسية أخرى	الحزب الليبرالي (1945–1950) الحزب الليبرالي الديمقراطي (1950–1955)
الزوج	Yukiko Yoshida
الأنجال	Ken'ichi Yoshida Kazuko Yoshida
المدرسة الأم	جامعة طوكيو الإمبراطورية
التوقيع

شيگـِرو يوشيدا 吉田 茂 يوشيدا هو اسم العائلة (22 سبتمبر، 1878 - 20 أكتوبر 1967) كان دبلوماسيا يابانيا وسياسيا شغل منصب رئيس وزراء اليابان في الفترة بين 1946 - 1947 وللمرة الثانية بين 1948 - 1954، فكان واحداً من longest-serving Japanese prime ministers, and is the third-longest serving prime minister of post-occupation Japan. كانت سياساته تعمل على تنشيط اليابان بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية بالاعتماد على الولايات المتحدة للحماية العسكرية.

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 حياته

Yoshida as a child

ولد يوشيدا في 22 سبتمبر 1878، في Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo, the fifth son of political activist and former samurai Tsuna Takeuchi. Tsuna was a devout supporter of Itagaki Taisuke and would later serve in the first National Diet in 1890. Yoshida's biological mother's identity is not known. Shortly before his birth, his biological father was arrested for anti-government conspiracy, and his mother gave birth to him at the house of Kenzō Yoshida, a friend of his father. As young samurai, Tsuna and Kenzō had made a name amidst the decades of unrest around the time of Meiji Restoration. In August 1881, Yoshida was adopted by Kenzō Yoshida and his wife Kotoko. Kenzō was a wealthy trade merchant, former Jardine Matheson Yokohama branch manager and former samurai, and Kotoko was the daughter of an Edo period Confucian scholar.

Yoshida began his education in a rural boarding school. He graduated elementary school in 1889. That same year, Kenzō Yoshida died, and Shigeru inherited a substantial fortune from him. Kotoko subsequently raised Shigeru on the family's estate in Ōiso. Shigeru finished secondary school in 1894, and attended junior high school until 1895, after which he briefly attended business school. He attended an academy run by the crown prince's ethics tutor in Tokyo, and briefly studied at Keio University and the Tokyo Physics School (now the Tokyo University of Science). He also spent a year ill at home in Ōiso. In 1897, he entered the prestigious Peers' School, which prepared members of the elite for the public service, and was run by Duke Konoe Atsumaro. After completing his education there, Yoshida attended a college for diplomats also run by Duke Atsumaro. Shortly after Atsumaro's death in 1904, the college became defunct, and Yoshida then studied law at Tokyo Imperial University, graduating with a law degree in 1906. He passed the Foreign Service Entry Exam and entered Japan's diplomatic corps that same year, shortly after Japan's victory against Russia in the Russo-Japanese War. He has long been regarded as prioritising the economy over defense, but recent years have seen a reevaluation of this viewpoint.

 Diplomatic career

Yoshida's diplomatic career began with a posting in China, first at the Japanese mission in Tianjin in November 1906, then in Fengtian (now Shenyang) in 1907. In 1909, he was assigned to Italy, and in 1912, he was posted to Andong in Japanese-ruled Korea. In 1916, he was assigned to the Japanese embassy in the United States, and in 1918 he was assigned to Jinan, China. In 1919, he was a member of the Japanese legation at the Paris Peace Conference. In 1920, he was named first secretary to the Japanese embassy in the United Kingdom. In 1922, he returned to China and served in Tianjin until 1925, then in Fengtian until 1928.

In 1928, he briefly served as minister to Sweden, Norway, and Denmark before being appointed deputy foreign minister that same year, serving until 1930. In 1930, after the army vetoed his appointment as foreign minister, he was appointed ambassador to Italy, and in 1936, he became ambassador to the United Kingdom, serving until 1938. During the 1930s, he supported increasing Japanese influence in China, and advocated for the independence of Manchuria and Mongolia to weaken the Republic of China. After his ambassadorship to the United Kingdom ended in 1938, he retired from the diplomatic service.

 أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية

Although considered a "hawk" on China, Yoshida was firmly against war with the United States and United Kingdom. Despite holding no official positions during World War II, he was active in trying to prevent war with the Allies, and then to try to bring about an early end of the war, allying himself with Prince Fumimaro Konoe.

Right before the Pacific War began, Yoshida joined Konoe in unsuccessfully attempting to deescalate the situation. During the war, Yoshida continued to associate with Konoe in trying to get the government to negotiate a peace with the Allies. In April 1945, he was arrested and briefly imprisoned over his association with Prince Konoe.

 بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية

1945، رئيس الوزراء كيجورو شيدى‌هارا（منتصف الصف الأول، وأعضاء وزارته.

 رئاسته للوزارات

8 سبتمبر 1951، خطاب السياسات.

معاهدة سلام سان فرانسيسكو، حفل التوقيع.

يوشيدا شيگرو يوقع دستور اليابان كرئيس وزراء.

Yoshida became the 45th prime minister on 22 May 1946. His pro-American and pro-British ideals and his knowledge of Western societies, gained through education and political work abroad are what made him the perfect candidate in the eyes of the postwar Allied occupation.

After being replaced with Tetsu Katayama on 24 May 1947, he returned to the post as the 48th prime minister on 15 October 1948.

According to CIA files that were declassified in 2005, there was a 1952 plot to assassinate Yoshida and replace him with Ichirō Hatoyama as Prime Minister. The plot was led by Takushiro Hattori, who served as an Imperial Japanese Army officer, and had the support of 500,000 Japanese.

 سياساته

19519月8日、日米安全保障条約調印式にてアメリカ合衆国国務長官ジョン・フォスター・ダレス（後方最左）らと

1954年11月5日、米国ウォルドルフ＝アストリアにてダグラス・マッカーサー（左）と

Yoshida's policies, emphasizing Japan's economic recovery and a reliance on الولايات المتحدة military protection at the expense of independence in foreign affairs, became known as the Yoshida Doctrine and shaped Japanese foreign policy during the Cold War era and beyond.

Under Yoshida's leadership, Japan began to rebuild its lost industrial infrastructure and placed a premium on unrestrained economic growth. Many of these concepts still impact Japan's political and economic policies. However, since the 1970s environmental movement, the bursting of Japan's economic bubble, and the end of the Cold War, Japan has been struggling to redefine its national goals.

He was retained in three succeeding elections (49th: 16 February 1949; 50th: 30 October 1952; and 51st: 21 May 1953). Power slipped away as he was ousted on 10 December 1954, when he was replaced by Ichirō Hatoyama.

Yoshida retired from the Diet of Japan in 1963.

قائد أسطول الهادي الأمريكي، نوفمبر 1951

 آخر العمر

في 1967, Yoshida was baptized on his deathbed after hiding his Catholicism throughout most of his life. His funeral was held in St. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo.

1955年2月9日、九霞園にて麻生太賀吉（左）と

Yoshida's grandchildren are Princess Tomohito of Mikasa and Tarō Asō, a Japanese politician who served as the 92nd Prime Minister of Japan from 2008 to 2009.

 وصلات خارجية

مناصب سياسية
سبقه Mamoru Shigemitsu	وزير الشئون الخارجية 1945–1947	تبعه Hitoshi Ashida
سبقه Kijūrō Shidehara	رئيس وزراء اليابان 1946–1947	تبعه تتسو كاتاياما
سبقه Hitoshi Ashida	وزير الشئون الخارجية 1948–1954	تبعه Mamoru Shigemitsu
	رئيس وزراء اليابان 1948–1954	تبعه Ichirō Hatoyama

هل أنت مهتم باليابان؟ ستجد الكثير من المعلومات في بوابة اليابان.