آلن‌تاون، پنسلڤانيا

آلن‌تاون

Allentown
آلن‌تاون Allentown
Home rule municipality
	Allentown in May 2010
	Flag الشعار
	الكنية: "The A" "The Queen City", "A-Town", "Band City USA", "Peanut City", "Silk City".
	الشعار: Sic Semper Tyrannis
	Interactive map of Allentown
	Allentown Interactive map of Allentown Allentown Allentown (الولايات المتحدة) Allentown Allentown (أمريكا الشمالية)
	الإحداثيات: 40°36′06″N 75°28′38″W / 40.60167°N 75.47722°W
Country	الولايات المتحدة
State	پنسيلڤانيا
County	Lehigh
Settled	1751
Founded	1762
Incorporated	12 مارس 1867
أسسها	William Allen
السمِيْ	William Allen
الحكومة
• النوع	Mayor-Council
• Mayor	Matthew Tuerk (D)
• City Solicitor	Matt Kloiber
• City Controller	Jeff Glazier
• City Council	Council Members
• Senate	Jarrett Coleman (R); Nick Miller (D)
المساحة
• Home rule municipality	18٫01 ميل² (46٫64 كم²)
• البر	17٫56 ميل² (45٫49 كم²)
• الماء	0٫44 ميل² (1٫15 كم²)
• الحضر	261٫55 ميل² (677٫4 كم²)
• العمران	730٫0 ميل² (1٬174٫82 كم²)
المنسوب	338 ft (103 m)
أعلى منسوب	440 ft (130 m)
أوطى منسوب	255 ft (78 m)
التعداد (2020)
• Home rule municipality	125٬845
• الترتيب	1st in the Lehigh Valley; 3rd in Pennsylvania
• الكثافة	7٬164٫94/sq mi (2٬766٫35/km2)
• Urban	621٬703 (US: 68th)
• الكثافة الحضرية	2٬377٫0/sq mi (917٫8/km2)
• العمرانية	865٬310 (US: 68th)
• الكثافة العمرانية	1٬117٫8/sq mi (431٫6/km2)
• Demonym	Allentonian
منطقة التوقيت	UTC−5 (EST)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes	18101, 18102, 18103, 18104, 18105, 18106, 18109, 18175, and 18195
Area codes	610 and 484
FIPS code	42-02000
GNIS feature ID	1202899
Primary airport	Lehigh Valley International Airport- ABE (Major/International)
Secondary airport	Allentown Queen City Municipal Airport- XLL (Minor)
School district	Allentown
Major hospital	Lehigh Valley–Cedar Crest
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.allentownpa.gov

Allentown (Pennsylvania Dutch: Allenschteddel, Allenschtadt, or Ellsdaun) is a city in and the county seat of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States.^[9] It is the third-largest city in Pennsylvania with a population of 125,845 as of the 2020 census and the largest city in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the United States as of 2020.^[10]^[11]^[12]

Founded in 1762 and located on the Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the Delaware River, it is the largest of three adjacent cities, including Bethlehem and Easton in Lehigh and Northampton counties, in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania.^[13] Allentown is located 48 miles (77 km) north of Philadelphia and 78 miles (126 km) west of New York City.

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التاريخ

الأصول

In the early 1700s, the area that is now Allentown was a wilderness of scrub oak where Lenape Indian American tribes fished for trout and hunted for deer, grouse, and other game. In 1736, a large area north of Philadelphia was deeded by 23 chiefs of the Five Civilized Tribes to three sons of William Penn: John Penn, Thomas Penn, and Richard Penn. The price for this tract included shoes and buckles, hats, shirts, knives, scissors, combs, needles, looking glasses, rum, and pipes.^[14]

The land was later part of a 5,000-acre (20 km²) plot that William Allen purchased on September 10, 1735, from his business partner Joseph Turner, who was assigned the land's warrant by Thomas Penn on May 18, 1732.^[15] The land was surveyed on November 23, 1736, and again in 1753 as part of an effort to develop a road from Easton to Reading.^[15] The 1753 survey reported the presence of a log house owned by Allen that was built around 1740 and was located near the western banks of Jordan Creek in the city. The house was used primarily as a hunting and fishing lodge, but Allen also used it to entertain prominent guests, including James Hamilton, who was his brother-in-law, and John Penn, who was then governor of the Province of Pennsylvania.^[15]

التأسيس

The geographic area that includes present-day Center City Allentown was acquired in the 1737 Walking Purchase and initially organized, established, and named in 1762 by William Allen, a wealthy shipping merchant who served as a mayor of Philadelphia and chief justice of the Province of Pennsylvania during the colonial era. It is likely that rivalry among the Penns prompted Allen to decide to start the city in 1762.^[14]

A decade earlier, in 1752, Northampton and Berks counties were formed; Easton was named the county seat of Northampton County, and Reading the county seat of Berks County. In 1763, a year after Allentown's founding, an effort was made by William Allen and others to move the county seat from Easton to Allentown, but the Penns' influence prevailed and the county seat remained in Easton.^[14]

The town's original plan, which is detailed in archives now housed at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, included 42 city blocks and 756 lots, most 60 feet (18 m) in width and 230 feet (70 m) in depth. The city was located initially between present-day Fourth and Tenth Streets and Union and Liberty Streets and was initially named Northampton Towne. Many streets on the original plan were named for Allen's children, including Margaret (present-day Fifth Street), William (now Sixth Street), James (now Eighth Street), Ann (now Ninth Street), and John (now Walnut Street). Allen Street (now Seventh Street), the city's main thoroughfare, was named for Allen himself. Hamilton Street was named for James Hamilton, deputy governor of colonial-era Pennsylvania from 1748 to 1754. Gordon Street was named for Patrick Gordon, an earlier deputy governor of colonial Pennsylvania. Chew Street was named for Benjamin Chew, and Turner Street was named for Allen's business partner Joseph Turner.^[15] Allen hoped that the city would displace Easton as the seat of Northampton County and become a commercial center due to its location along the Lehigh River and proximity to Philadelphia. Allen gave the property to his son James in 1767.^[16]

On March 18, 1811, the city was formally incorporated as a borough. The following year, on March 6, 1812, Lehigh County was established from the western half of Northampton County. Northampton Towne was selected as the county seat of Lehigh County, and present-day Allentown was formally incorporated as a city on March 12, 1867. On April 16, 1838, the city was officially renamed Allentown after years of popular usage by that name.^[17]

الحرب الثورية الأمريكية

Some of the first Patriot resistance to British colonialism, which led ultimately to the Revolutionary War, began in and around present-day Allentown. On December 21, 1774, a Committee of Observation for the Allentown area was formed by local patriots. Immediately following the Declaration of Independence's signing, the Colonial British government in Allentown began to break down and patriot militias took control. They pressured Tories out of the Allentown area, and patriot militias were expanded. The burden of supplying a military force logistically fell on the people, and requisitions for food, grain, cattle, horses, and cloth were common.^[18]

During the Revolutionary War, Hessian prisoners of war were kept in Allentown in the vicinity of present-day Seventh and Gordon Streets. Allentown also housed four hospital structures, including one at Zion Reformed Church and one on the grounds of the present-day Farr Building, that were used in treating wounded Continental Army soldiers. In 1777, a factory manufacturing paper cartridges for musket use in the Revolutionary War was relocated to Allentown from nearby Bethlehem. The same year, a shop of 16 armourers was established along Little Lehigh Creek that was used in repairing weapons and manufacturing saddles and scabbards.^[15]

After crossing the Delaware and prevailing in the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776, General George Washington and his Continental Army staff passed through Allentown, proceeding up present-day Lehigh Street, then called Water Street, where they stopped at the foot of the street at a large spring on what is now the property occupied by Wire Mill. There, Washington and his troops rested and watered their horses, then went their way to their post of duty.^[19]

Liberty Bell's hiding

Allentown holds historical significance as the location where the Liberty Bell, then known as the State House Bell, was successfully hidden for nine months by American patriots to avoid its capture by the British Army after the fall of Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War. After Washington's defeat at the Battle of Brandywine in Chadds Ford Township, Pennsylvania on September 11, 1777, the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia was left defenseless and American patriots began preparing for what they saw as an imminent British attack on the city. Pennsylvania's Supreme Executive Council ordered that 11 bells, including the State House Bell and bells from Philadelphia's Christ Church and St. Peter's Church, be taken down and moved out of Philadelphia to protect them from the British, who would melt the bells down to cast into munitions. The bells were transported north to Northampton Towne (present-day Allentown) by two farmers and wagon masters, John Snyder and Henry Bartholomew, and hidden under floorboards in the basement of Zion Reformed Church in what is now Center City Allentown, just prior to Philadelphia's September 1777 fall to the British.

A shrine and museum in the church's basement at 622 West Hamilton Street in Allentown, the Liberty Bell Museum, marks and celebrates the precise Allentown location where the Liberty Bell was successfully hidden from September 1777 until its June 18, 1778 return to Philadelphia following the British departure from Philadelphia.

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Early Allentown

Hamilton Street Bridge in Allentown, constructed between 1812 and 1814, was the first bridge built across the Lehigh River. Three times since, in 1841, 1862, and 1902, the bridge was destroyed by floods and subsequently rebuilt. In the 1980s, the bridge was extensively refurbished.

Albertus L. Meyers Bridge, which crosses the Little Lehigh River at 8th Street in Allentown, was the longest and highest concrete bridge in the world at the time of its 1913 opening.^[20]

Following the Revolutionary War, Northampton Towne began to slowly grow as both a hub for commerce and ultimately industrialization and as a colonial era population center. Prior to American Revolution, there were 54 homes in Northampton Towne and approximately 330 residents. In 1782, there were 59 houses and over 100 cows were stabled in the town. The town was described by a visitor in 1783, "One gets a glimpse of many good stone houses, many of them very neat, and everything about the premises shows good order and attention. The people are mainly German who speak bad English and distressing German." In 1795, the U.S. Gazetteer described Allentown as:

A handsome and flourishing town of Northampton County, pleasantly situated on the point of land formed by the junction of the Jordan Creek and Little Lehigh. It is regularly laid out and contains about ninety dwellings, a German Lutheran and a Calvinist (Zion) Church, an Academy and three merchant mills.^[14]

In 1792, land north of Allentown was purchased by Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company for mining, but it initially proved difficult to transport the region's high quality anthracite coal over the primitive trail system that then existed. Very little anthracite was mined until 1818 when the company began constructing the Lehigh Canal to transport coal from Mauch Chunk, later renamed Jim Thorpe, down the Lehigh River to its confluence with the Delaware River in Easton. In 1829, Lehigh Canal, a 46.6 miles (75.0 km)-long canal on the Lehigh River's east side, was completed for both ascending and descending navigation. Its construction was the most important factor in making anthracite coal, one of the nation's most important domestic and industrial fuels, available to the nation's largest industrial markets in New York City, Philadelphia, and elsewhere.^[14]^[21] In 1855, the first railroad was built on the Lehigh River's west side, and rail soon began to surpass river transport as the means for transporting anthracite through the city.^[14]^[21]

Until 1803, residents of Northampton Towne received their mail in Bethlehem. That year, however, a post office was established inside Compass and Square Hotel at what today is Penn National Bank building on Hamilton Street. After reaching a population of over 700 residents in the 1810 U.S. census, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted Northampton Towne legal standing on March 18, 1811, incorporating it initially as the Borough of Northampton in what then was Northampton County. The new borough's government first undertaking was ordering that the city's cows be moved from public streets and into pastures, which proved unpopular. The following year, the city became part of Lehigh County, which was partitioned from a western section of Northampton County to establish the new county.^[14]^[22]

In the early 1800s, the city grew primarily as a court and market town. Northampton Bank, the city's first bank located at the northeast corner of Center Square, was chartered in July 1814, and the first Hamilton Street Bridge, a 530 feet (160 m)-long chain structure, was constructed over the Lehigh River. The bridge featured two suspended lanes, one for east and one for westbound traffic, and a toll house at the bridge's western end.^[14]^[22]^[23] In 1838, the city's name was officially changed to Allentown.

The 1840s were challenging to Allentown; in 1841, a flood swept away Hamilton Street Bridge and inflicted substantial damage on areas of the city near the Lehigh River. Two years later, in 1843, Northampton Bank failed as a result of the bank's excessive speculation, resulting in financial ruin for many bank customers. Five years later, on June 1, 1848, a large fire burned down most of Allentown's central business district between 7th and 8th Streets on Hamilton Street. During the 1850s, however, the city began recovering. A new bridge was built across the Lehigh River, and brick buildings were constructed to replace wooden ones that were burned in the 1848 fire. In 1852, the first Allentown Fair, now one of the nation's longest continual annual fairs, was held.^[14]^[23]

American Civil War

A 1920 postcard of West End Park on Linden Street showing a statue of Ignatz Gresser, a Union Army soldier from Allentown who received the Medal of Honor for acts of valor during the Battle of Antietam

The 50th reunion of Allentown's First Defenders during the Civil War at the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Hamilton and South 7th Streets in Center City Allentown on Memorial Day, 1911

On April 13, 1861, with tensions between the nation's North and South intensifying following the South's secession and its attack on Fort Sumter, residents of Lehigh and Northampton County called a public meeting in Easton to take steps to support the federal government.^[24] At the meeting, citizens voted to establish and equip the 1st Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, a new military unit, and placed Captain Samuel Yohe of Easton and Thomas W. Lynn in charge, awarding them the respective ranks of colonel and major. Tilghman H. Good of South Whitehall Township, previously captain of the Allentown militia known as the Allen Rifles and commander of the 4th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, was placed in charge of the 1st Pennsylvania's Company I, which included his former Allen Rifles subordinates and members of the Jordan Artillerist, another Allentown-based militia.

In April 1861, these Allentown units were deployed in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers to defend the nation's capital of Washington, D.C., from the Confederate Army following the bombardment of Fort Sumter.^[25] After the Civil War's end, many of these soldiers were named Pennsylvania First Defenders in recognition of being among the first five units to answer Lincoln's call for volunteers to defend the national capital. After protecting Washington, D.C., from April to July 1861, they were honorably discharged and returned home. However, a significant number of them opted to reenlist to defend the nation as the Civil War escalated.^[14]^[26]

47th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry

On August 5, 1861, Andrew Gregg Curtin, Pennsylvania's Civil War-era governor, granted Tilghman H. Good authority to create the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, a new unit commonly known as the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers.^[27] Good secured help from William H. Gausler of Allentown, who was commissioned as a major with the regiment's central command staff, and John Peter Shindel Gobin, a senior officer with the Sunbury Guards in Northumberland County, who was repeatedly cited for valor and was promoted to colonel and ultimately commanding officer of the regiment.^[28]^[29] Companies A and E of the regiment were recruited primarily from Easton and Northampton County; Companies B, G, I, and K were largely recruited from Allentown; Company C was recruited from Northumberland and Juniata counties; Company F was primarily composed of men from Catasaqua; and Companies D and H were recruited from Perry County. The 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers achieved Union victories at the Battle of St. Johns Bluff in Florida (October 1–3, 1862) before suffering a costly defeat in the Second Battle of Pocotaligo in South Carolina (October 21–23, 1862). They were the only Pennsylvania regiment to fight in the Union Army's 1864 Red River campaign across Louisiana.^[30]

While sustaining numerous casualties during the Red River campaign in the spring of 1864, the 47th Pennsylvania helped turn the Civil War in the Union's favor with victories in General Sheridan's 1864 Shenandoah Valley campaign across Virginia, including in the Battles of Berryville, Opequan, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek and then again contributing to the defense of the nation's capital following Lincoln's assassination on April 15, 1865.^[28]^[31]^[32] Other known Union Army units from Allentown included the 5th, 41st, 128th, and 176th Pennsylvania Infantries.^[14]^[23]

On October 19, 1899, Allentown erected and dedicated the Soldiers and Sailors Monument at 7th and Hamilton Streets in the city's central square, where it still stands, in honor of these Union soldiers from Allentown and local Lehigh Valley towns and boroughs who were killed in defense of the Union's preservation during the Civil War.^[14]^[23]^[33]

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Industrialization

Allentown Rolling Mill Company, a sizable 19th and early 20th century iron and steel manufacturer on Washington Street in Allentown, 1889

A 1910 postcard of Adelaide Silk Mill in Allentown, which opened in 1881 and was one of the world's largest silk mills throughout the early 20th century

A 1910 postcard of Allentown's Center Square at North 7th and Hamilton Streets

Mack Truck's assembly plant in Allentown in 1945; the company was headquartered in Allentown from 1905 until 2008 when it relocated to Greensboro, North Carolina.

West Hamilton Street and 6th Streets in Allentown in 1950

Richard Nixon and his motorcade on Hamilton Street in Allentown in October 1960

The opening of Lehigh Canal in 1818 quickly transformed Allentown and the surrounding Lehigh Valley from a rural agricultural area dominated by German-speaking people into one of America's first urbanized industrialized areas and expanded the city's commercial and industrial capacity. With this, Allentown underwent significant industrialization, ultimately becoming a major center for heavy industry and manufacturing.

Allentown's industrial development accelerated in the late 18th century. David Deshler, Allentown's first shopkeeper, opened a sawmill in the city in 1782. By 1814, industrial plants in Allentown included flour mills, sawmills, two saddle makers, a tannery and tan yard, a woolen mill, a card weaving plant, two gunsmiths, two tobacconists, two clockmakers, and two printers.^[14] In 1855, the first railroads to reach Allentown were opened, presenting the Lehigh Canal with direct competition for coal transport. Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad ordered four locomotives, and train stations were built in Allentown, Easton, and Mauch Chunk. In September 1855, the railroad became operational with the Central Railroad of New Jersey providing transport between Allentown and New York City. Transport between Allentown and Philadelphia was made available through Perkiomen Railroad, which operated between Norristown and Freemansburg.^[14]^[22]

In the 1840s, iron ore beds were discovered in hills around Allentown, and a furnace was constructed in 1846 by Allentown Iron Core Company for production of pig iron, a vital component used in the manufacturing of steel. The furnace opened in 1847 under supervision of Samuel Lewis, an expert in iron production, and was followed by the opening of other Allentown plants for production of a wide variety of metal products. In 1860, several smaller iron companies merged to create the Allentown Rolling Mill Company, which became Allentown's largest iron company and contributed to the city and the greater Lehigh Valley region's emergence as a major source for iron ore.^[14]^[22]

In 1850, Leh's, a shoe and ready-to-wear clothing store, was opened in the city by Henry Leh. By 1861, with the Civil War commencing, Leh's emerged as a major source of military boots for the Union Army. In addition to Leh's, eight brick yards, a saw mill, a paint factory, two additional shoe factories, a piano factory, flour mills, breweries, and distilleries all opened in Allentown during the Civil War era.^[14]^[22]^[23]

In 1883, Allentown Boiler Works was founded in Allentown by Charles Collum. Collum and his partner John D. Knouse built a large facility at 3rd and Gordon Streets in Allentown's First Ward near the Lehigh Valley Railroad yard near what later became Kline's Island. The company manufactured iron products, some of which were used in the construction of high-profile construction projects, including the building of the White House in Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. The company's boilers and kilns were used for the production of iron products sold nationally and internationally, including to customers in Canada, Cuba, and the Philippines.^[14]^[22]

Brickworks flourished in Allentown through the end of World War I. The clay unearthed in various sections of Allentown and the city's suburbs proved suitable in manufacturing building brick and fire brick. Bricks were the first Allentown products shipped by rail and sold nationally.^[14]^[22] A vibrant food processing industry began emerging in Allentown following the arrival of predominantly German immigrant bakers, who were among Allentown's first settlers. In 1887, Wilson Arbogast and Morris C. Bastian formed Arbogast and Bastian, which provided large scale commercial slaughtering.^[14]^[23]

With industrialization, Allentown emerged as a major regional and national center for banking and finance. In 1860, William H. Ainey founded Allentown Savings and served as its first president. In 1864, Second National Bank of Allentown was formed, and Ainey was elected its first president, a position he held until his death. Ainey contributed to Allentown's industrial and retail growth, helping finance Iowa Barb Wire Company, which was later absorbed by American Steel & Wire, Pioneer Silk Factory, Palace Silk Mill, and Allentown Spinning Company.^[23]

In the late 1870s, Allentown's iron industry collapsed, leaving the city economically depressed. Efforts were made to diversify the city's industrial base, including convincing Phoenix Manufacturing Company to open a silk mill in Allentown. Adelaide Mill at Race and Court Streets prompted the opening of Pioneer Silk Mill in 1886, and the city quickly emerged as a national leader in silk manufacturing. The silk industry grew to ultimately become Allentown's largest industry in the late 19th century and remained the city's largest industry through the end of the 20th century. In 1914, there were 26 silk mills in the city. By 1928, after the introduction of rayon, the number of Allentown silk mills grew to 85, and over 10,000 people were employed in the Allentown silk industry at the industry's height in the 1940s.^[14]^[23]

In 1896, Max Hess, a retailer from Perth Amboy, New Jersey, visited Allentown and set about developing Allentown's first department store. He his brother Charles opened Hess Brothers at 9th and Hamilton Streets. Hess's developed a reputation for flamboyance, offering the latest European fashion apparel. The opening of Hess's was following by the opening of a second major department store in the city, the Zollinger-Harned Company, located in the Zollinger-Harned Company Building on Hamilton Street.^[14]^[23]

In the late 19th century, Allentown also began emerging as a major center for the beer brewing industry. Notable Allentown breweries included Horlacher Brewery (founded 1897, closed 1978),^[34] Neuweiler Brewery (founded 1875, closed 1968),^[35] and Schaefer Beer, whose brewery was later acquired by Pabst and Guinness^[36] and is now owned by Boston Beer Company, brewer of Samuel Adams beer.^[37]

Early 20th century

In 1905, Jack and Gus Mack moved Mack Trucks, their motor company, from Brooklyn to Allentown, taking over the foundries of Weaver-Hirsh on South 10th Street. By 1914, Mack Trucks developed a global reputation for manufacturing sturdy and reliable trucks and vehicles. Many were sent to Western Front battlefields in France prior to the U.S. formally entering World War I in 1917. The British nicknamed Mack AC's five and seven-ton trucks the "Bulldog". Mack eventually grew to have eight manufacturing plants in Allentown and adopted the bulldog as it corporate brand.^[14]^[23]

Like several other regions in Pennsylvania, Allentown residents continued speaking Pennsylvania German well into the early 20th century. Pennsylvania Guide, compiled by the Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration, described the Pennsylvania Dutch community's impact on Allentown's linguistic landscape, reporting in 1940 that:^[38]

Allentown is among the few large Pennsylvania cities where newspapers still carry columns written in the dialect. Although English predominates on the streets, there is a tendency to enunciate the 'v' with open lips, to soften the hard 'g' into 'ch,' and to use too frequently such words as 'already,' 'yet,' and 'once.' Here also are heard such colloquialisms as 'the pie is all,' (all gone) and 'it wonders (mystifies) me.'
— Federal Writers' Project، "Part II: Cities and Towns"، Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State (1940)

In October 1945, following the end of World War II, Western Electric opened a plant on Union Boulevard in Allentown. Six years later, on October 1, 1951, the company manufactured and released the world's first transistor, which was produced at the Allentown-based plant, and the Allentown-based company emerged as a leader in the nation's post-war electronics revolution.^[39]

By the mid-20th century, Allentown was a major retailing and entertainment center distinct and separate from Philadelphia and New York City. Hess's, Leh's, and Zollinger department stores led to retail sector growth in Allentown, and dozens of smaller retail stores, restaurants, hotels, banks, and professional offices in the city emerged in present-day Center City Allentown, which was then referred to as downtown Allentown. At least seven cinemas and stage theaters were developed along Hamilton Street between 5th and 10th Streets.^[14]^[23]

Late 20th century

A 1974 postcard of Center City Allentown's Hamilton Mall, a failed attempt to redevelop Allentown's central business district as residents began fleeing the city for its suburbs in the 1970s

The entrance to PPL Center (left) in Center City Allentown in October 2018

By the mid-1960s, Allentown's economy had been booming for decades but the city's rising taxes and regulations prohibiting expansion of the city's geographic limits began leading many of the city's residents, especially those in the post-World War II baby boom generation, to flee Allentown for its suburbs. Salisbury, South Whitehall, and Whitehall townships each had large areas of farmland that were prime locations for residential real estate development. Much of Allentown's working class began migrating to these newer, less-expensive housing developments in Allentown's suburbs, which offered lower taxes, more green space, less crime, and newer schools.

This demographic trend continued throughout the latter part of the 20th century, presenting a major challenge to Allentown's city government and the Allentown School District as it confronted greatly diminished resources. Allentown School District's financial challenges, in turn, further increased the working class flight to Allentown's suburbs, creating a sea change in the city's demographics. With the departure of many working-class families from older Center City neighborhoods, many homes were sold to landlords who converted them into inexpensive multifamily apartments, many of which became government-subsidized housing projects that were permitted under the city's lax zoning and city codes.

With Allentown's neighborhoods and school system declining, the city focused on attempting to develop its Hamilton Street retail district, largely ignoring Allentown neighborhoods not located in Center City. This also exacerbated the flight of Allentown families to the city's suburbs, leading to the development of shopping centers and services being developed outside the city to accommodate the demand from Allentown's expanding suburban communities. In 1966, Whitehall Mall, the first closed shopping mall north of Philadelphia, opened.

Ten years later, in 1976, the even larger Lehigh Valley Mall opened north of U.S. Route 22. Stores in Allentown's downtown shopping district began closing, replaced with stores whose customers were less affluent. Large areas of Allentown's downtown were subsequently razed and replaced with parking lots. The downtown business district was rebuilt in an attempt to compete with the newer suburban shopping locations. A multiblock row of stores known as Hamilton Mall was developed, featuring newly covered sidewalks and managed traffic patterns. But the effort was unsuccessful, and two of the city's major department stores, Leh's and Zollingers, were forced to close by 1990. The third, Hess's, was sold to The Bon-Ton in 1994, which closed its Hamilton Mall location two years later, in 1996.^[40] In 1993, the Corporate Center, the city's new flagship business center on North Seventh Street, fell victim to a large sinkhole, which led to its condemnation and ultimate demolition.

21st century

Combined with challenges confronting Center City Allentown, the manufacturing economy of the Northeastern United States began suffering from deindustrialization associated with foreign competition, trade policies, and manufacturing costs. Many Allentown factories and corporations began closing or relocating.

Responding to the late 20th century economic downturn, Allentown consciously sought to begin diversifying its economy in the early 21st century. In the 2000s and 2010s, Allentown's economy saw growth in its service, health care, transportation, warehousing, and some manufacturing industries. In 2009, the Neighborhood Improvement Zone (NIZ), created by the Pennsylvania State Legislature, sought to address Allentown's economic challenges and encourage its development and revitalization. The NIZ includes approximately 128 acres (52 hectares) in Center City Allentown and the city's new riverfront district on the Lehigh River's western side.

In 2006, Agere Systems, formerly Western Electric, was acquired by LSI Corporation and relocated to San Jose, California. Mack Trucks relocated to Greensboro, North Carolina in 2009, and other Allentown-based factories downsized considerably or ceased operations entirely. With the city's manufacturing base eroded, once high-paying industrial jobs were replaced with lower-paying service sector jobs, and Allentown began being cited widely as one of the most prominent examples of a late 20th century Rust Belt city.

In 2014, Center City Allentown underwent major restructuring, including constructing and opening PPL Center, a 10,500-capacity indoor arena that now hosts the Lehigh Valley Phantoms, a professional American Hockey League ice hockey team, and other sports, entertainment, and concert events. A full-service Renaissance Hotel also opened, and older office buildings were redeveloped.^[41]

In its 2023 edition of "Best Places to Live", U.S. News & World Report ranked Allentown the ninth-best location in the nation to retire.^[42]

Geography

The Allentown skyline, Christmas 2017

South Mountain, part of the Appalachian Mountain range, with Allentown in the foreground, December 2010

Center City Allentown at night, October 2020

Topography

Allentown's geographic boundaries include a total area of 18.0 square miles (46.6 km²). Of this, 17.8 square miles (46.1 km²) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km²) is water, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Bodies of water include Jordan Creek and its tributary, Little Lehigh Creek, which join within the city limits and empty into the Lehigh River. Other bodies of water in Allentown include Lake Muhlenberg in Cedar Creek Parkway and a pond in Trexler Park.

Adjacent counties

Allentown is located in the Lehigh Valley, an eastern Pennsylvania geographic valley located between two Appalachian mountain ridges, Blue Mountain, which varies from 1,000 feet (300 m) to 1,600 feet (490 m) in height about 17 miles (27 km) north of the city, and South Mountain, a ridge of 500 feet (150 m) to 1,000 feet (300 m) in height that borders Allentown's southern edge. It includes both Lehigh and Northampton counties.

The Lehigh Valley's adjacent counties include Carbon and Monroe counties to its north, Bucks County to its southeast, Montgomery County to its south, Berks and Schuylkill counties to its west, and Warren County, New Jersey to its east.

Cityscape and neighborhoods

Center City Allentown, which includes the downtown area and its 7th Street retail and residential corridor, is the city's central business district and the location of most of its city, county, and federal government buildings. To the east of Center City are The Wards, residential areas developed during Allentown's late 19th century and early 20th century industrial boom. Just east of the Lehigh River are the city's East Side residential neighborhoods, most of which border various routes to neighboring Bethlehem. South of Center City and across Little Lehigh Creek are the city's South Side neighborhoods, which border Emmaus. Allentown's West End, with a mix of commercial corridors, cultural centers, and larger single-family residences, begins approximately west of 15th Street.

Center City Allentown's tallest building is the PPL Building at 322 feet (98 m). In addition to the PPL Building, Center City commercial office buildings include the Dime Savings and Trust Company building, which features the Art Deco architecture of the region during the 1920s and 1930s. One City Center, Two City Center,^[43]^[44] and other commercial buildings are also located in Center City. An 8,500-seat indoor arena, PPL Center, which hosts the Lehigh Valley Phantoms of the American Hockey League, opened in August 2014 at 701 Hamilton Street in Center City.^[45] Other Center City historic and recreational landmarks include Allentown Art Museum, Baum School of Art, Lehigh County Historical Society, Liberty Bell Museum, and Miller Symphony Hall.

In January 2015, two major hotels, Americus Hotel and a Marriott, opened in Center City Allentown.^[46]^[47]

العمارة

Miller Symphony Hall on North 6th Street, home of the Allentown Symphony Orchestra, July 2008

Allentown is characterized by a large stock of historic homes, commercial structures, and century-old industrial buildings reflecting its standing as one of the nation's earliest urban centers. Allentown's Center City neighborhoods include Victorian and terraced rowhouses. West Park includes mostly Victorian and American Craftsman-style architecture. Houses on Allentown's tree-lined streets in the West End were built mostly between the 1920s and 1940s. Houses in Allentown's East and South Sides are a mixture of architectural styles and are generally single and twin family homes built between the 1940s and 1960s; both areas include some older Victorian homes. Allentown has many loft apartments in converted mills and historic brick manufacturing buildings and modern and historic high-rise apartment buildings in Center City.

Allentown has three primary historic districts: Old Allentown, the Old Fairgrounds, and West Park. Old Allentown and Old Fairgrounds are Center City neighborhoods that hold a joint house tour organized by the Old Allentown Preservation Association (OAPA) annually in September. West Park also offers a tour of its Victorian and Craftsman-style homes.^[48]

The PPL Building, at 2 North 9th Street, is Allentown's tallest high rise building at 322 feet (98 m). The building was designed by New York City architectural firm Helme, Corbett, and Harrison. Wallace Harrison was the primary designer of the building, which later served as a prototype for the Art Deco architecture of Rockefeller Center and other New York City building structures. Built between 1926 and 1928, the PPL Building's exterior decorative friezes were designed by Alexander Archipenko. The building, which opened July 16, 1928,^[49] has been illuminated every night since its 1928 opening. In clear weather at night, the PPL Building's nighttime illumination can be seen from as far north as the Blue Mountain Ski Area in Palmerton. The building's exterior is featured in multiple scenes in the 1954 movie Executive Suite.^[50]

Miller Symphony Hall at 23 North 6th Street opened in 1896 and served initially as the city's public market; the 1,100 seat facility is now home to the Allentown Symphony Orchestra. The structure was converted to a theater in 1899 by architectural firm J. B. McElfatrick and was initially named the Lyric Theater. Miller Symphony Hall, one of roughly a dozen famous McElfatrick designs still standing in the nation, has been used for burlesque shows, vaudeville, silent films, symphony orchestras, and other entertainment for over a century.^[51] Other Allentown-based performing arts facilities and programs include Pennsylvania Sinfonia, Community Concerts of Allentown, Allentown Band, and Community Music School of the Lehigh Valley.

المناخ

Under the Köppen climate classification, Allentown falls within either a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) if the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm is used or a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. Summers are typically warm and muggy, fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is cool to cold. Precipitation is almost uniformly distributed throughout the year.

The average temperature in January is 30.1 °F (−1.1 °C) and the lowest officially-recorded temperature was −15 °F (−26 °C) on January 21, 1994.^[52] July averages 75.6 °F (24.2 °C) and the highest temperature on record was 105 °F (41 °C) on July 3, 1966.^[52]^[53] January temperatures average below freezing, seven months average above 50 °F (10.0 °C), and two months average above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C).

Snowfall is variable with some winters bringing light snow and others bringing multiple and significant snowstorms. Average snowfall is 33.1 inches (84 cm) seasonally^[54] with February receiving the highest snowfall at just under 11 inches (280 mm). Rainfall is generally spread throughout the year with eight to 12 days of precipitation per month^[55] at an average annual rate of 43.5 inches (110.5 cm).^[56] Allentown falls under the USDA 6b Plant hardiness zone.^[57] قالب:Allentown, Pennsylvania weatherbox

السكان

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد	Pop.	%±
1790	486	—
1800	573	17٫9%
1810	710	23٫9%
1820	1٬132	59٫4%
1830	1٬757	55٫2%
1840	2٬493	41٫9%
1850	3٬703	48٫5%
1860	8٬025	116٫7%
1870	13٬884	73�0%
1880	18٬063	30٫1%
1890	25٬288	40�0%
1900	35٬416	40٫1%
1910	51٬913	46٫6%
1920	73٬502	41٫6%
1930	92٬563	25٫9%
1940	96٬904	4٫7%
1950	106٬756	10٫2%
1960	108٬347	1٫5%
1970	109٬871	1٫4%
1980	103٬758	−5٫6%
1990	105٬301	1٫5%
2000	106٬632	1٫3%
2010	118٬032	10٫7%
2020	125٬845	6٫6%
2021 (تق.)	125٬944	0٫1%
U.S. Decennial Census^[58]^[7]

As of the 2020 U.S. census, there were 125,845 people residing in Allentown. Of these, 54.2% were Hispanic/Latino, 30.2% non-Hispanic White, 10.4% non-Hispanic Black, 1.9% Asian, 0.1% Native American or Pacific Islander, and 3.2% mixed or other.^[59] As of 2010, Allentown had 42,032 households, including 28.8% with children under age 18, 39.4% who were married couples living together, 15.1% who had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% who were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The city's average household size is 2.42 and the average family size is 3.09. As of 2000, the population density was 6,011.5 inhabitants per square mile (2,321.1/km²); there were 45,960 housing units at an average density of 2,591.1 per square mile (1,000.4/km²).

As of 2010, Allentown's population broken down by age ranges was: 24.8% under 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% 65 years or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,016, and the median income for a family was $37,356. Males had a median income of $30,426 versus $23,882 for females. Per capita income in Allentown, as of 2010, was $16,282 with 18.5% of the total city population and 14.6% of families in the city below the poverty line. 29.4% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those 65 and older live below the poverty line. The unemployment rate for the entire Lehigh Valley area was 9.8% as of February 2010 with Allentown's unemployment rate slightly higher at over 10%.^[60]

الجريمة

In 2020, according to the city, there were 4,283 Part 1 crimes, which include homicides, non-fatal shootings, rapes, robberies, burglary, larcenies, motor vehicle thefts, and acts of arson. The number of reported non-fatal shootings, rapes, robberies, burglaries, and larcenies fell in the city in 2020 compared to 2019. The number of motor vehicle thefts and arsons, however, increased in 2020 compared to those in 2019. Homicides remained unchanged with nine committed in the city in 2019 and 2020.^[61]

On June 20, 2019, two rival gangs, the Bloods and Latin Kings, shot 10 people when the two gangs exchanged gunfire outside Deja Vu nightclub on Hamilton Street.^[62]

Economy

Allentown historically was a hub for the nation's earliest industrialization and its economy was heavily manufacturing-based. Beginning in the late 20th century, the city evolved into a more service-oriented economy due to Rust Belt decline in heavy industry that commenced around 1980 and accelerated through the 20th century's last two decades. Allentown is corporate headquarters for several large companies, including Air Products,^[63] PPL Corporation, and others.^[64] The largest employer in Allentown, as of 2007, is Lehigh Valley Health Network with over 7,800 employees.^[65] Lehigh Valley Health Network's flagship hospital, Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest, is Pennsylvania's third-largest hospital with 877 licensed beds and 46 operating rooms.

Center City Allentown, along Hamilton Street between 5th and 10th Streets, was the primary shopping district in Allentown for most of the 20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, however, several shopping malls, including South Mall,^[66] Lehigh Valley Mall, and Whitehall Mall were built in Allentown's suburbs and today represent the most popular shopping destinations.^[67] In October 2006, The Promenade Shops at Saucon Valley opened south of Allentown in Upper Saucon Township.

Arts, culture, and recreation

Amusement park

Steel Force (left) and Thunderhawk (right), two roller coasters at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown. Steel Force is the eighth-longest steel roller coaster in the world.

Allentown is home to Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, one of the nation's largest amusement and water parks. Dorney Park's Steel Force rollercoaster is the world's eighth longest steel rollercoaster.

Arts and entertainment

Civic Theatre of Allentown, which opened on 19th Street in Allentown in 1928, is the city's oldest cinema, May 2004.

Allentown Symphony Orchestra performs at Miller Symphony Hall, located on North 6th Street in Center City. The city has a musical heritage of civilian concert bands and is home to the Allentown Band, the nation's oldest civilian concert band.^[68] Allentown Band, Marine Band of Allentown, Municipal Band of Allentown, and Pioneer Band of Allentown all perform regularly at the bandshell in the city's West Park. Allentown's J. Birney Crum Stadium, Pennsylvania's second-largest high school football field, hosts Drum Corps International's Eastern Classic, which annually brings together the world's top junior drum and bugle corps for a two-day event.

Allentown houses a collection of public sculptures, including the DaVinci Horse, located on 5th Street, which is one of only three da Vinci sculptures in the world. Allentown Art Museum, located on North 5th Street in Center City, is home to a collection of over 13,000 pieces of art and an associated library. Baum School of Art at 5th and Linden Streets offers credit and non-credit classes in painting, drawing, ceramics, fashion design, jewelry making, and other arts-related curriculum.

Civic Theatre of Allentown, founded in 1928, has an 90-plus year history of producing theater in the Lehigh Valley. Initially named Civic Little Theater, Civic Theatre of Allentown today has paid professional staff, a volunteer board of directors from the community, and volunteer staff. The theater operates the Lehigh Valley's only full-time cinema, showing art, independent and foreign films, and offers a theater school that has served the Valley's youth for over 50 years. The theatre is professionally directed and managed and utilizes community actors in its live theater productions.

Cuisine

Yocco's Hot Dogs, founded in 1922 by Lee Iacocca's uncle Theodore Iacocca, maintains four popular locations in Allentown and its suburbs

Vestiges of Allentown's Pennsylvania Dutch heritage are prominent in Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine in the city. Foodstuffs, including scrapple, chow-chow, Lebanon bologna, cole slaw, and apple butter, are often found in local diners and the Allentown Farmer's Market. Shoofly pie, birch beer, and funnel cakes are regularly available at local fairs. Several local churches make and sell fastnachts in fundraisers for Fastnacht Day, the day before Lent's commencement.

As Allentown's population has increased over the decades, many national restaurant and fast food chains have established a presence in the city. Growth of the city's ethnic populations has led to the opening of many family-run restaurants specializing in ethnic cuisine, including Chinese, Colombian, Dominican, Italian, Japanese, Mexican, Lebanese, Portuguese, Puerto Rican, Thai, and West Indian restaurants.

Due in part to Allentown's proximity to Philadelphia, cheesesteaks are immensely popular. Yocco's Hot Dogs, a regionally well-known hot dog and cheesesteak establishment with four area locations (two of which are in Allentown), was founded in 1922 by Theodore Iacocca, uncle of former Chrysler chairman and president Lee Iacocca. A-Treat Bottling Company, a regionally-popular soft drink beverage company, has been based in Allentown since its 1918 founding.

Festivals

The main entrance to Allentown Fairgrounds in 2019

The Great Allentown Fair runs annually the end of August and early September on the grounds of the Allentown Fairgrounds on North 17th Street, where it has been held continuously since 1889.^[69] The first Allentown Fair was held in 1852. Prior to moving to the Allentown Fairgrounds in 1889, it was held at the Old Allentown Fairgrounds north of Liberty Street between 5th and 6th Streets.

Blues, Brews, and Barbeque, a blues festival launched in 2014, is held annually in June on Hamilton Street in Center City.^[70] Annually in May, Mayfair festival, a three-day arts festival, is held on Cedar Crest College campus in Allentown.

Landmarks and popular locations

The Soldiers and Sailors monument, which was unveiled October 19, 1899 on Allentown's Center Square at Seventh and Hamilton Street, honors Union Army volunteers from Allentown and Lehigh Valley who were killed in defense of the Union during the American Civil War. The monument is topped by a statue representing the Goddess of Liberty.^[71] In 1957, the statue atop the monument was removed due to its state of disrepair and was replaced in 1964.^[72] Allentown's motto, in Latin, is Sic semper tyrannis, meaning "thus always to tyrants", suggesting that bad but justified outcomes will ultimately befall all tyrants.

Museums and cultural organizations

Allentown Art Museum, art museum
Allentown Band, nation's oldest civilian concert band
Allentown Symphony Orchestra, symphony orchestra
America on Wheels, automotive transportation museum
Baum School of Art, non-profit community art school
Civic Theatre of Allentown, historic cinema
Da Vinci Science Center,^[73] science museum
Lehigh County Historical Society,^[74] local historical society and museum
Liberty Bell Museum, historical museum
Marine Band of Allentown, civilian concert band
Municipal Band of Allentown, civilian concert band
Museum of Indian Culture, Lenape Indian educational center

Parks and recreation

Little Lehigh Creek in Lehigh Parkway in Allentown, September 2012

Much of Allentown's park system is a product of industrialist Harry Clay Trexler's efforts. Inspired by the City Beautiful movement in the early 20th century, Trexler helped create West Park, a 6.59-acre (26,700 m²) park in what was then a community trash pit and sandlot baseball field in an upscale area of the city.^[75] The park, which opened in 1909, features a bandshell designed by Philadelphia architect Horace Trumbauer and has long been home to the Allentown Band and other community bands.^[75] Trexler also facilitated the development of Trexler Park, Cedar Parkway, Allentown Municipal Golf Course, and Trout Nursery in Lehigh Parkway and was responsible for the development of the Trexler Trust, which provides ongoing private funding for Allentown's park system's maintenance and development.^[76]

Allentown's parks include Bicentennial Park, a 4,600 seat mini-stadium built for sporting events, the 127-acre Cedar Creek Parkway, which includes Lake Muhlenberg, Cedar Beach, and Malcolm W. Gross Memorial Rose Garden, East Side Reservoir (15 acres), Irving Street Park, Kimmets Lock Park (5 acres), Lehigh Canal Park (55 acres), Lehigh Parkway (999 acres), Old Allentown Cemetery (4 acres), Jordan Park, South Mountain Reservoir (157 acres), Trexler Park (134 acres), Trout Creek Parkway (100 acres), Joe Daddona Park (19 acres), Keck Park, Percy Ruhe Park, also known as Alton Park, and West Park (6.59 acres).^[76]

Sports

Coca-Cola Park in Allentown, home to the Lehigh Valley IronPigs, the Triple-A affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies, April 2009

PPL Center in Center City Allentown, home arena for the Lehigh Valley Phantoms of the American Hockey League, February 2017

Allentown and its surrounding Lehigh Valley region are known for high quality high school-level athletics, and the region has been the starting ground for a considerable number of professional and Olympic-level athletes.

Collegiate athletics

Both Cedar Crest College and Muhlenberg College in Allentown have collegiate athletic programs in most sports. The Muhlenberg Mules play their home football games at Scotty Wood Stadium on the Muhlenberg campus in Allentown.

High school athletics

Allentown's three large high schools, Allen, Dieruff, and Central Catholic, each compete in the Eastern Pennsylvania Conference, one of the nation's premier high school athletic divisions. All three Allentown high schools play their home football games at the 15,000 capacity J. Birney Crum Stadium at 2027 Linden Street, the state's second-largest high school stadium.

Lehigh Valley IronPigs baseball

Professional baseball has a rich history in Allentown dating back to 1884. The city is home to the Lehigh Valley IronPigs, the Triple-A Minor League affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies who play at Coca-Cola Park, a $50.25 million, 8,200-seat stadium on Allentown's east-side.^[77]

Lehigh Valley Phantoms ice hockey

Allentown is home to the Lehigh Valley Phantoms, the primary development team of the Philadelphia Flyers, who compete in the American Hockey League and play at PPL Center, an 8,500-seat indoor arena in Center City Allentown.

Parkettes gymnastics

Allentown is home to the Parkettes National Gymnastics Training Center, which has been the training ground for several Olympians and U.S. national gymnastics champions. In 2003, the program was the subject of an immensely critical CNN documentary, Achieving the Perfect 10, which depicted it as a hugely demanding and competitive gymnastics training center.

Historical teams

Historically, Allentown hosted the Allentown Jets, a Continental Basketball Association team that played in Rockne Hall at Allentown Central Catholic High School from 1958 to 1981. The Jets were one of the most dominant franchises in the league's history, winning eight playoff championships and twelve division titles. Allentown has been home to two professional soccer teams, the Pennsylvania Stoners (2007–2009)^[78] and Northampton Laurels (2005–2008) of the now defunct Women's Premier Soccer League. The Pennsylvania ValleyDawgs of the now defunct U.S. Basketball League played their home games at William Allen High School during the league's existence from 1999 to 2006.

Government

Allentown is legally classified as a Pennsylvania third-class city and has operated with the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government since 1970. The mayor serves as the city's chief executive and administrative officer, and the city council serves as the legislative and oversight body.^[79] Elected "at-large," the mayor serves a four-year term under the city's home rule charter.^[80] The current city mayor is Democrat Matthew Tuerk. The legislative branch, the Allentown City Council, includes seven council members elected at large for four-year staggered terms.^[80] City Council holds regular public meetings in order to enact city legislation, including ordinances and resolutions. The current president of the City Council is Daryl Hendricks.^[81] The City Controller, who is responsible for oversight of the city's finances, is elected and serves a four-year term.^[82]

Federally, Allentown is part of Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district, represented currently by Democrat Susan Wild. U.S. Senators representing the city currently are Democrats Bob Casey, Jr. and John Fetterman. Pennsylvania's governor is Democrat Josh Shapiro.

Education

Primary and secondary education

Allen High School on North 17th Street, one of Allentown's two large public high schools, July 2008

Allentown School District, Pennsylvania's fourth-largest school district, manages the city's public school system with the exception of a small portion of the city near Trexler Park that is in Parkland School District. Allentown has two large public high schools for grades 9–12, William Allen High School, which serves students from Allentown's southern and western sections, and Louis E. Dieruff High School, which serves students from the eastern and northern parts. Each of these Allentown area high schools competes athletically in the Eastern Pennsylvania Conference, an elite high school athletic conference including the 18 largest high schools in the Lehigh Valley and Pocono Mountain regions. Both schools and Allentown Central Catholic High School, the city's sole parochial high school, play their home football games at J. Birney Crum Stadium, the second-largest high school stadium in the state. Students may also attend Newcomer Academy at Midway Manor or the Allentown School District Virtual Academy for grades 8 through 12.

Allentown School District's four middle schools, for grades 6–8, are: Francis D. Raub Middle School, Harrison-Morton Middle School, South Mountain Middle School, and Trexler Middle School. The city is served by 16 elementary schools for kindergarten through fifth grade: Central, Cleveland, Hiram W. Dodd, Jefferson, Lehigh Parkway, Lincoln, Luis A. Ramos, McKinley, Midway Manor, Mosser, Muhlenberg, Ritter, Roosevelt, Sheridan, Union Terrace, and Washington.

Allentown also has two public charter schools: Roberto Clemente Charter School, located at 4th and Walnut Streets in Allentown, is a Title I charter school that provides educational services to mainly Hispanic students in grades 6 through 12, and Lincoln Leadership Academy Charter School, located at 1414 E. Cedar Street, is open to K to 12 students.

Other Allentown-based parochial schools serving K to 8 include Saint John Vianney Regional School, Holy Spirit School, Lehigh Christian Academy, Mercy Special Learning Center, Our Lady Help of Christians School, Sacred Heart School, and Saint Thomas More School. Roman Catholic-affiliated parochial schools in Allentown are operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Allentown. Grace Montessori School is a pre-school and early elementary Montessori school run as an outreach of Grace Episcopal Church. Allentown has one private Jewish school, Jewish Day School, and two independent day schools, CAI Learning Academy, an independent day school, and The Swain School, which is associated with Moravian Academy.

Colleges and universities

Muhlenberg College in Allentown, March 2014

Two four-year colleges, Cedar Crest College and Muhlenberg College, are based in Allentown. Allentown is also home to a satellite campus of Lehigh Carbon Community College (LCCC), a comprehensive community college that offers two-year and four-year degree programs, continuing education, and industry training.^[83]

Media

Television

Allentown is part of the Philadelphia media market, the fourth-largest television market in the nation. Major Philadelphia-based network stations serving Allentown include KYW-TV Channel 3 (CBS), WCAU Channel 10 (NBC), WPVI Channel 6 (ABC), and WTXF Channel 29 (Fox).^[84]^[85]^[86] Two television stations are located in Allentown: WFMZ-TV Channel 69, based in Allentown with studios and a transmitting site atop South Mountain, is an independent station, and WLVT-TV Channel 39, the regional PBS affiliate, is licensed to Allentown with studios in neighboring Bethlehem. قالب:Philly TV قالب:Scranton/Wilkes-Barre TV قالب:New York TV

Radio

Nielsen Audio ranks Allentown the nation's 74th-largest radio market as of 2022.^[87] Stations licensed to Allentown include WAEB-AM (talk, news, and sports), WAEB-FM (contemporary hits), WDIY (NPR public radio), WHOL (rhythmic contemporary), WLEV (adult contemporary), WMUH (Muhlenberg College freeform campus radio), WSAN (oldies and Philadelphia Phillies broadcasts), WZZO (classic rock), and others. In addition, many stations from New York City, the nation's largest radio market, and Philadelphia, the nation's fourth-largest radio market, are received in Allentown. قالب:Allentown Radio

Newspapers and magazines

Allentown has two daily newspapers, The Morning Call and The Express-Times. The Times News, based in Lehighton, also covers the city. Several weekly and monthly print publications are based in Allentown or cover the city's news and people.

Transportation

Airports

Lehigh Valley International Airport, Pennsylvania's fourth-busiest airport, is 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Allentown in Hanover Township, March 2014

The city's primary commercial airport, Lehigh Valley International Airport, is located 3 miles (4.8 km) (5 km) northeast of Allentown in Hanover Township and is operated by Lehigh–Northampton Airport Authority. The airport has direct flights to Atlanta, Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Detroit, Philadelphia, and multiple cities in Florida. The region is also served by Allentown Queen City Municipal Airport, a two-runway facility located on Lehigh Street in South Allentown used predominantly by private aircraft.

Roads and buses

I-78 West and PA Route 309 North in Allentown

Hamilton Street in Center City Allentown, November 2007

As of 2022, there were 314.10 miles (505.49 km) of public roads in Allentown, of which 26.16 miles (42.10 km) were maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 287.94 miles (463.39 km) were maintained by the city.^[88]

The most prominent highway passing through the city limits of Allentown is Interstate 78, which runs concurrently with Pennsylvania Route 309 along an east–west alignment across the southern portion of the city. I-78 runs from Lebanon County in the west to the Holland Tunnel and Lower Manhattan in the east, while PA 309 runs from Philadelphia in the south to the Wyoming Valley in the north. U.S. Route 22 briefly passes through the northwestern corner of the city as it follows the Lehigh Valley Thruway along an east–west alignment; it runs from Cincinnati, Ohio in the west to Newark, New Jersey in the east. There are nine major inbound roads to Center City Allentown: Airport Road, Cedar Crest Boulevard, Fullerton Avenue, Hamilton Boulevard, Lehigh Street, Mauch Chunk Road, MacArthur Road, Tilghman Street, and Union Boulevard. Interstate 476, the Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, passes to the west of the Allentown city limits. It runs from Plymouth Meeting outside Philadelphia in the south to Interstate 81 at Clarks Summit in the north.

Public buses in Allentown are provided by LANt, a bus system serving Lehigh and Northampton counties. Allentown Transportation Center, located on North 7th Street, serves as a major hub for LANTA buses.^[89] Multiple private bus lines serve Allentown at the intercity terminal at 325 Hamilton Street, including Trans-Bridge Lines and Greyhound Lines, offering direct bus service throughout the day to New York City's Port Authority Bus Terminal and intermediate points,^[90]^[91] and Fullington Trailways, which offers direct service to Williamsport, Hazleton, Philadelphia, and intermediate points.^[92] Martz Trailways stops in Allentown as part of its route between Scranton-Wilkes-Barre and Philadelphia and its commuter routes to New York City, which are part of the Amtrak Thruway route that connects Amtrak trains at 30th Street Station in Philadelphia.^[93] Allentown's public parking is managed by the Allentown Parking Authority.

Rail

Passenger rail

A 1915 postcard of Allentown station at Fourth and Hamilton streets, which opened in 1890, closed in 1961, and was demolished in 1972

Allentown has no current passenger rail service. The last Allentown rail service, provided by SEPTA, ceased operating in 1979, though one of SEPTA's two main Allentown train stations remains standing. In September 2020, Amtrak, in its Amtrak 2035 expansion plan, proposed restoring rail service between Allentown and New York City by 2035.^[94]^[95] Use of this mostly single-track route by Amtrak has consistently been opposed by Norfolk Southern Railway, which acquired ownership of the Lehigh Line when it purchased federally-founded Conrail in 1999. Previously, in November 2008, the Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corporation (LVEDC), along with both Lehigh and Northampton County governments, commissioned a study to explore restoring part of the Black Diamond service, which ran until 1961, by extending New Jersey Transit's Raritan Valley Line to Allentown.^[96]

Allentown was once a passenger rail hub served by the Central Railroad of New Jersey, using the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, Lehigh and New England Railroad, Lehigh Valley Railroad, the Reading Railroad, the Lehigh Valley Transit Company, and Conrail. Routes served Wilkes-Barre and Scranton to the north, Buffalo and Williamsport to the northwest, Reading and Harrisburg to the west, Jersey City and New York City to the east, and Philadelphia to the south.^[97]

Commercial rail

Allentown is a regional center for commercial freight rail traffic. Norfolk Southern's primary Northeast hump classification yards are located in Allentown,^[98] and the city is served by R.J. Corman Railroad Group, a commercial railroad company.^[99] The city has major commercial rail traffic, including from the Norfolk Southern Lehigh Line, which runs east through the city across the Delaware River, and Norfolk Southern Railway's Reading Line, which runs west through Allentown to Reading.

Utilities

Electricity in Allentown is provided by PPL Corporation, which is headquartered in Allentown.^[100]^[101] UGI Corporation, headquartered in King of Prussia, supplies natural gas.^[102]^[103] Two cable companies, RCN Corporation, based in Princeton, New Jersey, and Service Electric, based in Bethlehem, have provided cable service to Allentown since the 1960s.^[104] The area's only landfill, Waste Connections of Canada, is locally headquartered in Bethlehem. Water and sewage, prior to 2013, were controlled by the city and are now managed by Lehigh County, following the end of a 50-year lease agreement. Waste, recycling, and yard waste are each administered by the city.

Health care

Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest on Cedar Crest Boulevard in Allentown, the largest hospital in the Lehigh Valley and third-largest hospital in Pennsylvania with 877 beds and 46 operating rooms, July 2008

Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest, located on Cedar Crest Boulevard and part of Lehigh Valley Health Network, is Allentown and the Lehigh Valley's largest hospital and the third-largest hospital in Pennsylvania with 877 beds and 46 operating rooms. It is also a Level 1 trauma center. St. Luke's University Health Network, Sacred Heart Hospital, and Good Shepherd Rehabilitation Network also provide hospital and rehabilitation services. Allentown State Hospital, a psychiatric hospital in Allentown, was closed in 2010 as part of a statewide closing of psychiatric hospitals by the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services.

Fire department

The Allentown Fire Department, established in 1870, operates six fire stations in the city.^[105]

Notable people

Since its 1762 founding, Allentown has been the birthplace or home to several notable Americans, including:^[106]

Stephen Barrett, former psychiatrist and co-founder, Quackwatch
Clair Blank, former author, Beverly Gray mystery series
Chakaia Booker, sculptor^[107]
Lillian Briggs, former rock music singer
Thom Browne, fashion designer
Frank Buchman, founder of the Oxford Group and Moral Re-Armament religious movements
Howard J. Buss, composer and music publisher
Leon Carr, former Broadway composer and television advertising songwriter
Alexis Cohen, former American Idol contestant, seasons 7 and 8
Michaela Conlin, film and television actress, Fox's Bones
Dane DeHaan, film and television actor, In Treatment and Chronicle
Devon, porn star
Stanley Dziedzic, former Olympic bronze medalist at 1976 Summer Olympics in freestyle wrestling, 1977 World Champion at World Wrestling Championships
Gloria Ehret, former professional golfer, winner of the 1966 LPGA Championship
Victoria Fuller, sculptor
James Knoll Gardner, former U.S. federal judge
Peter Gruner, former professional wrestler known as Billy Kidman
Scott Haltzman, psychiatrist, relationship counselor, and author
Tim Heidecker, film and television actor, Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!
Lee Iacocca, former chairman of Chrysler
Keith Jarrett, jazz musician
Michael Johns, healthcare executive and former White House presidential speechwriter
Sarah Knauss, supercentenarian, longest-lived American ever, third oldest person verified to have ever lived
Brian Knobbs, former professional wrestler
Sally Kohn, journalist and political commentator
Carson Kressley, television personality and designer
Varvara Lepchenko, professional tennis player
William Marchant, former playwright and screenwriter
Tyrese Martin, professional basketball player, Atlanta Hawks
Ed McCaffrey, former professional football player, Denver Broncos, New York Giants, and San Francisco 49ers
Lara Jill Miller, actress and voice actress
Hans Moller, former painter
Aimee Mullins, paralympian, model, actress
Lawrence Nuesslein, former Olympic shooting five-time medal winner, 1920 Summer Olympics
Lil Peep, former emo rapper, singer, songwriter, and model
Marty Ravellette, armless rehabilitation patient who saved elderly woman from burning car
Anthony Recker, former professional baseball player, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, New York Mets, and Oakland Athletics
Andre Reed, former professional football player, Buffalo Bills and Washington Redskins, and Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee
Ian Riccaboni, sportscaster, Ring of Honor professional wrestling
Matt Riddle, UFC professional mixed martial fighter
Jerry Sags, former professional wrestler
Larry Seiple, former professional football player, Miami Dolphins, two-time Super Bowl champion
Amanda Seyfried, actress, Veronica Mars, Big Love, Mamma Mia!, and Les Misérables
Andrea Tantaros, former political analyst and commentator
Christine Taylor, actress and wife of actor Ben Stiller
Mildred Ladner Thompson, former Wall Street Journal reporter^[108]
DeNorval Unthank, former physician and civil rights activist
Donald Voorhees, former Emmy-nominated orchestral conductor
Jamie Weinstein, political journalist and commentator
Lauren Weisberger, author, The Devil Wears Prada
Hana Wirth-Nesher, literary scholar and university professor, Tel Aviv University
Chris Wyles, former professional rugby union player with Saracens F.C. and U.S. national rugby team player

In popular culture

Allentown has a reputation as a rugged blue-collar city and is broadly referenced in popular culture. Examples include:^[109]

Portions of the 2019 movie Glass were filmed at Allentown State Hospital and elsewhere in Allentown.^[110]
Allentown is mentioned in the 2011 movie The Hangover Part II when Ed Helms sings a profane, modified version of "Allentown" to Zach Galifianakis as they ride in a boat in Thailand. The version appears on the film's soundtrack, The Hangover Part II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack.^[111]
Allentown is mentioned in the lyrics of indie rock band Say Anything in their song "Fed to Death," which is the opening song on their 2009 album Say Anything.^[112]
In the 2008 movie The Wrestler, Allentown is mentioned by Mickey Rourke as a location where he had wrestled as he trained for his comeback.
Portions of the 2005 music video for "Dirty Little Secret" by The All-American Rejects were shot at various Allentown locations.
On Season 4, Episode 9 of the HBO series The Sopranos, titled "Whoever Did This", which first aired November 10, 2002, the scene in which Christopher Moltisanti is ordered by Tony Soprano to dispose of the remains of Ralph Cifaretto after Tony kills him were filmed in neighboring Lower Nazareth Township.^[109]
Portions of the 1988 movie Hairspray were filmed at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom and other Allentown locations.
Allentown is the subject of the Billy Joel song, "Allentown," which was originally released on his 1982 The Nylon Curtain album. The song uses Allentown as a metaphor for the resilience of working class Americans in distressed industrial cities during the recession of the early 1980s.
Frank Zappa's song "200 Years Old," which appears on his 1975 album Bongo Fury, mentions Allentown.^[113]
Portions of the 1968 film Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows were filmed at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom and other Allentown locations.
Hiding The Bell, a 1968 historical fiction novel by Ruth Nulton Moore, chronicles the hiding of the Liberty Bell in Allentown during the American Revolutionary War.^[114]
Allentown is mentioned in two of Broadway's most successful musicals, 42nd Street, which debuted in 1980, and Bye Bye Birdie, which debuted in 1958.
Exterior shots of Allentown's PPL Building, the city's tallest building, are featured throughout the 1954 movie Executive Suite.^[50]

ملاحظات

المراجع

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للاستزادة

Adams, Anna. "Perception Matters: Pentecostal Latinas in Allentown, Pennsylvania." in A reader in Latina feminist theology (U of Texas Press, 2021) pp. 98–113
Lee, George A. "Negroes in a Medium-Sized Metropolis: Allentown, Pennsylvania--A Case Study." Journal of Negro Education 37.4 (1968): 397–405. online
Marzan, Gilbert. "Still Looking for that Elsewhere: Puerto Rican Poverty and Migration in the Northeast." Centro Journal (2009) 21#1 pp 100–117 online; full coverage on Allentown
Sandoval, Edgar. The New Face of Small-town America: Snapshots of Latino Life in Allentown, Pennsylvania (Penn State Press, 2010)

وصلات خارجية

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Allentown.

Official website
Allentown at Discover Lehigh Valley
Allentown at visitPA
Allentown news at The Morning Call
Allentown news at Lehigh Valley Live
"Famous People from the Lehigh Valley," The Morning Call, August 18, 2006

[1] Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "'Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's". The Morning Call. pp. B.03.. "Queen City's origins as an Allentown nickname are obscure. It is believed to come from a turn-of-the-century competition hosted by the Allentown Chamber of Commerce. The winning entry was said to be Queen City."

[2] Wholberg, Julie. "The New Main Street? A-Town's 19th Street Experience". The Morning Call.

[3] Salter, Rosa (April 20, 2003). "Two in tune with the times ** At 175, Allentown Band, America's oldest, preserves best of tradition". The Morning Call. pp. E.01.. "1967: Allentown named Band City-U.S.A"

[peanut_city-4] Whelan, Frank (March 13, 2002). "Hamilton Street used to be thick with peanut shells ** And Allentown's Army Camp Crane once had a popular commander". The Morning Call. pp. B.04.. "Allentown's title as the Peanut City goes back to the late 19th and early 20th century when large amounts of them were eaten in the Lehigh Valley. From the 1880s to the 1920s, vendors lined Hamilton Street, singing jingles in Pennsylvania Dutch about the superior quality of their peanuts. Former Call-Chronicle Sunday editor John Y. Kohl recalled in 1967 that the peanuts were eaten mostly by young men and boys who would walk Hamilton Street on Saturday nights flirting with girls and 'throwing the shells about with complete abandon.' Sunday morning sidewalks were 'not quite ankle deep' in shells. Merchants would get up early to sweep them into the gutter so churchgoers would not have to wade through them.'"

[5] Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's". The Morning Call. pp. B.03.. "Silk City for example, is a throwback to the late 19th and early 20th century, when Allentown was known for its many silk mills. Although the last mill closed a few years ago, the name hangs on in the minds of older residents."

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