محافظة موغلا
محافظة موغلا
Muğla ili | |
---|---|
تجمع سكاني | |
البلد | تركيا |
المقر | موغلا |
الحكومة | |
المساحة | 12٬654 كم² (4٬886 ميل²) |
التعداد (2022)[1] | 1٬048٬185 |
• الكثافة | 83/km2 (210/sq mi) |
منطقة التوقيت | TRT (UTC+3) |
Area code | 0252 |
الموقع الإلكتروني | www www |
محافظة موغلا (تركية: Muğla ili)، هي إحدى محافظات تركيا. عاصمتها مدينة موغلا تبلغ مساحتها 12,716 كم2 ويبلغ عدد سكانها 715,328 نسمة كما يبلغ معدل الكثافة السكانية 56/كم2 تقع في جنوب غرب تركيا. Its seat is Muğla, about 20 km (12 mi) inland, while some of Turkey's largest holiday resorts, such as Bodrum, Ölüdeniz, Marmaris and Fethiye, are on the coast in Muğla.
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الجغرافيا
At 1,100 km (680 mi), Muğla's coastline is the longest among the Provinces of Turkey and longer than many countries' coastlines, (even without taking any small islands into account). Important is the Datça Peninsula. As well as the sea, Muğla has two large lakes, Lake Bafa in the district of Milas and Lake Köyceğiz. The landscape consists of pot-shaped small plains surrounded by mountains, formed by depressions in the Neogene. These include the plain of the city of Muğla itself, Yeşilyurt, Ula, Gülağzı, Yerkesik, Akkaya, Çamköy and Yenice). Until the recent building of highways, transport from these plains to either the coast or inland was quite arduous, and thus each locality remained an isolated culture of its own. Contact with the outside world was through one of the three difficult passes: northwest to Milas, north to the Menderes plain through Gökbel, or northeast to Tavas.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Butterfly Valley, Fethiye في محافظة موغلا
Marmaris في محافظة موغلا
بودروم في محافظة موغلا
فتحية في محافظة موغلا
البيئة
Despite court decisions upheld by the ECHR,[2] اعتبارا من 2020[تحديث], Yatağan, Yeniköy and Kemerköy coal-fired power stations continue to pollute.[3]
النقل
The following are aspects about transportation in Muğla province:
- There are two airports in Dalaman and Milas-Bodrum, serving domestic and international flights and catering to the tourism industry.
- There are yacht marinas in Bodrum, Marmaris, Fethiye and Güllük.
- There are many privately run bus connections to İzmir, Antalya, Ankara, Istanbul and other major cities in Turkey from Muğla and directly from the coastal resorts.
التاريخ
In ancient times in Anatolia, the region between the Menderes (Meander) and Dalaman (Indus) rivers in the south was called Caria. The inhabitants were Carians and Leleges. In his Iliad, Homer describes the Carians as natives of Anatolia, defending their country against Greeks in joint campaigns in collaboration with the Trojans.[بحاجة لمصدر]
A major city of ancient Caria, Muğla is known to have been occupied by raiding parties of Egyptians, Assyrians and Scythians, until eventually the area was settled by Ancient Greek colonists. The Greeks inhabited this coast for a long time building prominent cities, such as Knidos (at the end of the Datça Peninsula) and Bodrum (Halicarnassos), as well as many smaller towns along the coast, on the Bodrum Peninsula and inland, including in the district of Fethiye the cities of Telmessos, Xanthos, Patara and Tlos. Eventually the coast was conquered by Persians who were in turn removed by Alexander the Great, bringing an end to the satrapy of Caria.[بحاجة لمصدر]
In 1261, Menteshe Bey, founder of the Beylik (principality) that carried his name, with its capital in Milas and nearby Beçin, established his rule over the region of Muğla as well. The beys of Menteshe held the city until 1390 and this, the first Turkish state in the region, achieved a high level of cultural development, its buildings remaining to this day. The province also became a significant naval power, trading with the Aegean Islands, Crete and as far as Venice and Egypt. Turkish settlement during the Menteshe period usually took place through migrations along the Kütahya-Tavas axis.[بحاجة لمصدر]
In 1390, Muğla was taken over by the Ottoman Empire. However, just twelve years later, Tamerlane and his forces defeated the Ottomans in the Battle of Ankara, and returned control of the region to its former rulers, the Menteshe Beys, as he did for other Anatolian beyliks. Muğla was brought back under Ottoman control by Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror, in 1451. One of the most important events in the area during the Ottoman period was the well-recorded campaign of Suleiman the Magnificent against Rhodes, which was launched from Marmaris.[بحاجة لمصدر]
الآثار
With this long history Muğla is rich in ancient ruins, with over 100 excavated sites including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Letoon, near Fethiye.
In 2018, archaeologists unearthed a 2,300-year-old rock sepulchre of an ancient Greek boxer called Diagoras of Rhodes on a hill in the Turgut village, Muğla province, Marmaris. This unusual pyramid tomb was considered to belong to a holy person by the local people. The shrine, used as a pilgrimage by locals until the 1970s, also has the potential to be the only pyramid grave in Turkey. Excavation team also discovered an inscription with these words: “I will be vigilant at the very top so as to ensure that no coward can come and destroy this grave".[4][5][6][7][8][9]
In July 2021, archaeologists led by Abuzer Kızıl have announced the discovery of two 2,500-year-old marble statues and an inscription during excavations at the Temple of Zeus Lepsynos in Euromus. According to Abuzer Kızıl, one of the statues was naked while other was wearing armor made of leather and a short skirt. Both of the statues were depicted with a lion in their hands.[10][11][12]
معرض صور
Saklıkent Canyon in Saklıkent National Park
Theatre at Halicarnassus in Bodrum, with the Bodrum Castle in the background.
أشهر أبنائها
من مشاهير أبناء محافظة موغلا:
- المؤرخ هيرودوت من هاليكارناسوس
- البحار طرغد ريس
- Arms dealer Basil Zaharoff born in Muğla
- Turkish orthodox church leader in Bodrum Zihni Özdamar, he worked to get the support of the church authorities for the Turkish War of Independence.
- Painter Osman Hamdi Bey had his summer residence in Yatağan
- Avram Galanti, prominent تركيا الفتاة and supporter of Atatürk in the Jewish community of Bodrum.
- Şükrü Kaya, Minister of the Interior under Atatürk, born in İstanköy.
- جنرال حرب الاستقلال التركية مصطفى موغلالي
- مؤسس جريدة جمهوريت and key supporter of AtatürkYunus Nadi Abalıoğlu, and his son Nadir Nadi Abalıoğlu, from Fethiye.
- Agriculturalist responsible for planting tea in the Eastern Black Sea region Zihni Derin, from Muğla
- نجاتي چيلر، والد رئيسة الوزراء طانسو چيلر، حاكم اسطنبول في عقد 1950، from Milas
- The "Fisherman of Halicarnasoss" writer Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı, and his student Şadan Gökovalı
- نائل چاكرخان, architect of the Akyaka Çakırhan houses and winner of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture ;
- Amateur astronomer and president of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) Janet Akyüz Mattei of Bodrum.
- Folk singer Muğlalı Memiş (Memiş Güniç)
- Singer and fixture of the Bodrum nightclub scene for many years, Zeki Müren
- Poet Can Yücel is buried in Datça, his home in his final years
- Poet Erdogan Cokduru born in Marmaris
- الرئيس السابق كنعان إڤرن now retired in Marmaris, where he spends his days painting
المقاطعات
تنقسم محافظة موغلا إلى 12 مقاطعة (المقاطعة العاصمة بالخط العريض):
الهامش
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةtuik
- ^ "CASE OF OKYAY AND OTHERS v. TURKEY" (PDF).
- ^ Başkanı, M. M. O.; ki, Termik Santraller İle İlgili Bir Basın Açıklaması Yaptı-Kararara Haber – Güncel Hukuk Haberleri dedi (2020-01-24). "MMO Başkanı, Termik Santraller İle İlgili Bir Basın Açıklaması Yaptı". Enerji Portalı (in التركية). Retrieved 2020-02-10.
- ^ Smith, John. "Turkey 'Shrine' Turns Out to be Tomb of Ancient Greek Boxer | Greek Reporter Europe" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-09-02.
- ^ "Yıllarca türbe sanıldı; mozole çıktı". www.trthaber.com. Retrieved 2019-09-02.
- ^ "Shrine in Turkey uncovered as tomb of ancient Greek boxer | Neos Kosmos". English Edition (in الإنجليزية). 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2019-09-02.
- ^ TM. "Previous holy site in Turkey's Marmaris revealed to be tomb of Greek boxer - Turkish Minute" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-09-02.
- ^ Team, G. C. T. (23 May 2018). "2,300 year old shrine in Turkey turns out to be tomb of ancient Greek Boxer Diagoras". Greek City Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-09-02.
- ^ "Aegean villagers mistook Greek boxer's tomb for Islamic holy site, archaeologists discover". Ahval (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2019-09-02.
- ^ "2,500-year-old statues, inscription unearthed in western Turkey". Hürriyet Daily News (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-08-31.
- ^ "2,500-year-old statues, inscription unearthed in western Turkey". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
- ^ Gershon, Livia. "Archaeologists in Turkey Unearth 2,500-Year-Old Temple of Aphrodite". Smithsonian Magazine (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-08-31.
- CS1 التركية-language sources (tr)
- CS1 الإنجليزية الأمريكية-language sources (en-us)
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- Short description matches Wikidata
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Turkey articles requiring maintenance
- Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images
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- مقالات ذات عبارات بحاجة لمصادر
- مقالات فيها عبارات متقادمة منذ 2020
- جميع المقالات التي فيها عبارات متقادمة
- محافظات تركيا
- محافظة موغلا
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- منطقة إيجه