لاريسا

Coordinates: 39°38.5′N 22°25′E / 39.6417°N 22.417°E / 39.6417; 22.417
هذا المقال هو عن the city in Greece. إذا كنت تريد الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر لاريسا (توضيح).
Larissa
Λάρισα (Greek)
Central Square with the "Floating River" FountainMunicipal Theatre OUHL (Thessalian Theatre)Holocaust MonumentSaint Achilles CathedralOld Mills of PappasLarissa railway stationFirst Ancient Theatre of LarissaLarissa montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article, if it exists.
عن هذه الصورة
Clockwise from top: Central Square in downtown Larissa with the "Floating River" fountain, Municipal Theatre OUHL (Thessalian Theatre), Holocaust monument, Saint Achilles Cathedral, Old Mills of Pappas, Larissa railway station, and the First Ancient Theatre of Larissa.
الختم الرسمي لـ Larissa
الشعار
Larissa is located in اليونان
Larissa
Larissa
الموقع في المنطقة
2011 Dimos Larisas.png
الإحداثيات: 39°38.5′N 22°25′E / 39.6417°N 22.417°E / 39.6417; 22.417
البلد اليونان
المنطقة الاداريةThessaly
الوحدة المحليةLarissa
الحكومة
 • العمدةAthanasios Mamakos[1] (منذ 2023)
المساحة
 • البلدية335٫98 كم² (129٫72 ميل²)
 • الوحدة البلدية122٫59 كم² (47٫33 ميل²)
المنسوب
70 m (230 ft)
التعداد
 (2021)
 • البلدية
164٬095
 • كثافة البلدية490/km2 (1٬300/sq mi)
 • الوحدة البلدية
148٬562
 • كثافة الوحدة البلدية1٬200/km2 (3٬100/sq mi)
صفة المواطنLarissean
منطقة التوقيتUTC+2 (EET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
41x xx
مفتاح الهاتف(+30)241
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.larissa-dimos.gr

لاريسا (باليونانية: Λάρισα)، /ləˈrɪsə/; Greek: Λάρισα, Lárisa, تـُنطق [ˈlarisa]  ( listen) ؛ بالإنجليزية: Larissa)، مدينة يونانية تقع في شمال وسط البلاد، وهي عاصمة منطقة تساليا وأيضا عاصمة مقاطعة لاريسا أحد المقاطعات المكونة لمحافظة تساليا. It is the fifth-most populous city in Greece with a population of 148,562 in the city proper, according to the 2021 census.[2] It is also capital of the Larissa regional unit. It is a principal agricultural centre and a national transport hub, linked by road and rail with the port of Volos, the cities of Thessaloniki and Athens. The municipality of Larissa has 164٬095 inhabitants, while the regional unit of Larissa reached a population of 268٬963 (in 2021).[2]

Legend has it that Achilles was born here. Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine", died here. Today, Larissa is an important commercial, transportation, educational, agricultural and industrial centre of Greece. The city straddles the Pineios river and N.-NE. of the city are the Mount Olympus and Mount Kissavos.

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الأساطير

According to Greek mythology it is said that the city was founded by Acrisius, who was killed accidentally by his grandson, Perseus.[3] There lived Peleus, the hero beloved by the gods, and his son Achilles.

In mythology, the nymph Larissa was a daughter of the primordial man Pelasgus.[4]

The city of Larissa is mentioned in Book II of Iliad by Homer: "Hippothous led the tribes of Pelasgian spearsmen, who dwelt in fertile Larissa—Hippothous, and Pylaeus of the race of Mars, two sons of the Pelasgian Lethus, son of Teutamus."[5][6] In this paragraph, Homer shows that the Pelasgians, Trojan allies, used to live in the city of Larissa. It is likely that this city of Larissa was different to the city that was the birthplace of Achilles. The Larissa that features as a Trojan ally in the Iliad was likely to be located in the Troad, on the other side of the Aegean Sea.


التاريخ

Antiquity

Silver drachma of Larissa (410-405 BC). Head of the nymph Larissa left, wearing pearl earring, her hair bound in sakkos / ΛΑΡΙΣΑ above, [IA] below (retrograde), bridled horse -symbol of the city- galloping right.

Pre-history

Traces of Paleolithic human settlement have been recovered from the area, but it was peripheral to areas of advanced culture.[7] The area around Larissa was extremely fruitful; it was agriculturally important and in antiquity was known for its horses.

Archaic Era

The name Larissa (Λάρισα Lárīsa) is in origin a Pelasgian word for "fortress".[بحاجة لمصدر] There were many ancient Greek cities with this name.[8] The name of Thessalian Larissa is first recorded in connection with the aristocratic Aleuadai family.[9] It was also a polis (city-state).[10]

Classical Era

Larissa was a polis (city-state) during the Classical Era.[11] Larissa is thought to be where the famous Greek physician Hippocrates and the famous philosopher Gorgias of Leontini died.

Coinage of Thessaly, possibly king Hellokrates, with portrait of Aleuas. Obv: head of Aleuas facing slightly left, wearing conical helmet, ALEU to right; labrys behind. Rev: Eagle standing right, head left, on thunderbolt; ELLA to left, LARISAYA to right. Thessaly, Larissa. 370–360ح. 370–360 BC.

When Larissa ceased minting the federal coins it shared with other Thessalian towns and adopted its own coinage in the late fifth century BC, it chose local types for its coins. The obverse depicted the nymph of the local spring, Larissa, for whom the town was named; probably the choice was inspired by the famous coins of Kimon depicting the Syracusan nymph Arethusa. The reverse depicted a horse in various poses. The horse was an appropriate symbol of Thessaly, a land of plains, which was well known for its horses. Usually there is a male figure; he should perhaps be seen as the eponymous hero of the Thessalians, Thessalos, who is probably also to be identified on many of the earlier, federal coins of Thessaly.

The first ancient theatre of the city. It was constructed inside the ancient city's centre during the reign of Antigonus II Gonatas towards the end of the third century BC. The theatre was in use for six centuries, until the end of the third century AD.
Pedestrian zone beside the First Ancient Greek theatre
Ruins of the second ancient theatre

Larissa, sometimes written Larisa on ancient coins and inscriptions, is near the site of the Homeric Argissa. It appears in early times, when Thessaly was mainly governed by a few aristocratic families, as an important city under the rule of the Aleuadae, whose authority extended over the whole district of Pelasgiotis. This powerful family possessed for many generations before 369 BC the privilege of furnishing the tagus, the local term for the strategos of the combined Thessalian forces. The principal rivals of the Aleuadae were the Scopadae of Crannon, the remains of which are about 14 miles south west.

Larissa was the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 (retold in Xenophon's Anabasis) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia (Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of "the way to Larissa" to help explain to Meno the difference between true opinion and science (Meno, 97a–c); this "way to Larissa" might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a "way home", understood as the way toward one's true and "eternal" home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life).[12]

The constitution of the town was democratic, which explains why it sided with Athens in the Peloponnesian War. In the neighbourhood of Larissa was celebrated a festival which recalled the Roman Saturnalia, and at which the slaves were waited on by their masters. As the chief city of ancient Thessaly, Larissa was taken by the Thebans and later directly annexed by Philip II of Macedon in 344. It remained under Macedonian control afterwards, except for a brief period when Demetrius Poliorcetes captured it in 302 BC.

Hellenistic Era

Roman Era

It was in Larissa that Philip V of Macedon signed in 197 BC a treaty with the Romans after his defeat at the Battle of Cynoscephalae, and it was there also that Antiochus III the Great, won a great victory in 192 BC. In 196 BC Larissa became an ally of Rome and was the headquarters of the Thessalian League.

Larissa is frequently mentioned in connection with the Roman civil wars which preceded the establishment of the Roman Empire and Pompey sought refuge there after the defeat of Pharsalus.


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Middle Ages

Remains of the Basilica of St. Achillios, destroyed during the Ottoman era
Gravure of Larissa, c. 1820
The archaeological excavations on Frourio Hill, with the Bezesten of Larissa in the background
A street in the Frourio quarter

Larissa was sacked by the Ostrogoths in the late 5th century, and rebuilt under the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.[13]

In the eighth century, the city became the metropolis of the theme of Hellas.[13] The city was captured in 986 by Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria, who carried off the relics of its patron saint, Saint Achilleios, to Prespa.[13] It was again unsuccessfully besieged by the Italo-Normans under Bohemond I in 1082/3.[13]

After the Fourth Crusade, the King of Thessalonica, Boniface of Montferrat, gave the city to Lombard barons, but they launched a rebellion in 1209 that had to be subdued by the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders himself.[13] The city was recovered by Epirus soon after.[13]

Ottoman period

Larissa was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1386/87 and again in the 1390s, but only came under permanent Ottoman control in 1423, by Turahan Bey.[14] Under Ottoman rule, the city was known as Yeni-şehir i-Fenari, "new citadel". As the chief town and military base of Ottoman Thessaly, Larissa was a predominantly Muslim city.[14] In 1521 (Hijri 927) the town had 693 Muslim and 75 Christian households;[15] according to Gökbilgin (1956), it also included Albanian and Jewish communities.[16] During Ottoman rule the administration of the Metropolis of Larissa was transferred to nearby Trikala where it remained until 1734, when Metropolitan Iakovos II returned the see from Trikala to Larissa and established the present-day metropolis of Larissa and Tyrnavos.

The town was noted for its trade fair in the 17th and 18th centuries, while the seat of the pasha of Thessaly was also transferred there in 1770.[14] Larissa was the headquarters of Hursid Pasha during the Greek War of Independence. It was also renowned for its mosques (four of which were still in use in the late 19th century) and its muslim cemeteries.[بحاجة لمصدر]

The city remained a part of the Ottoman Empire until Thessaly became part of the independent Kingdom of Greece in 1881, except for a period where Ottoman forces re-occupied it during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897.[14] In the late 19th century, there was still a small village in the outskirts of the town inhabited by Africans from Sudan, a curious remnant of the forces collected by Ali Pasha.

In the 19th century, the town produced leather, cotton, silk and tobacco. Fevers and agues were prevalent owing to bad drainage and the overflowing of the river; and the death rate was higher than the birth rate.[محل شك]

Modern Greek era

Old postcard of the city, Alexandras Street, 1910

In 1881, the city, along with the rest of Thessaly, was incorporated into the Kingdom of Greece during the prime ministry of Alexandros Koumoundouros. On 31 August 1881 a unit of the Greek Army headed by General Skarlatos Soutsos entered the city. A considerable portion of the Turkish population emigrated into the Ottoman Empire at that point. In this new era the city starts gradually to expand and to be rebuilt by the Greek authorities.

A German Messerschmitt which was crash-landed on the military airfield at Larissa, shot down by RAF pilots during WWII

During the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, the city was the headquarters of Greek Crown Prince Constantine. The flight of the Greek army from here to Farsala took place on April 23, 1897. Turkish troops entered the city two days later. After a treaty for peace was signed, they withdrew and Larissa remained permanently in Greece. This was followed by a further exodus of Turks in 1898. The Hassan Bey mosque (which was built in the early 16th century) was demolished in 1908.

During the Axis Occupation of the country, the Jewish community of the city (dated back to second BC, see Romaniotes[بحاجة لمصدر]) suffered heavy losses. Today in the city there is a Holocaust memorial and a synagogue.

After WWII

The "floating river" fountain in Central Square of Larissa (Sapka, former Themidos)

After WWII the city was expanded rapidly. Today Larissa is the fourth largest Greek city with many squares, taverns and cafes. It has three public hospitals with one being a military hospital. It hosts the Hellenic Air Force Headquarters and NATO Headquarters in Greece. It has a School of Medicine and a School of Biochemistry – Biotechnology and the third largest in the country Institute of Technology. It occupies the first place among Greek cities into green coverage rate per square-metre urban space and the first place with the highest percentance of bars-taverns-restaurants per capita in Greece. It also has two public libraries and five museums.[17]


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Ecclesiastical history

Pineios river with the church of St. Achillios in the background, patron saint of the city

Christianity penetrated early to Larissa, though its first bishop is recorded only in 325 at the Council of Nicaea. St. Achillius of the fourth century, is celebrated for his miracles. Le Quien cites twenty-nine bishops from the fourth to the 18th centuries;[18] the most famous is Jeremias II, who occupied the see until 733, when the Emperor Leo III the Isaurian transferred it from the jurisdiction of the Pope of Rome to the Patriarchate of Constantinople. In the first years of the tenth century it had ten suffragan sees;[19] subsequently the number increased and about the year 1175 under the Emperor Manuel I Comnenus, it reached twenty-eight.[20] At the close of the 15th century, under the Ottoman domination, there were only ten suffragan sees,[21] which gradually grew less and finally disappeared.

Interior of the Jewish synagogue of Larissa

Larissa is an Orthodox Metropolis of the Church of Greece.

It was also briefly a Latin archbishopric in the early 13th century, and remains a Latin Metropolitan (top-ranking) titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, which must not be confused with the Latin episcopal (low-ranking) titular see Larissa in Syria. Today there is a Catholic church in the city (Sacred Heart of Jesus).


كانت لاريسا مركزاً لولاية وثكنة عسكرية عثمانية، و أثناء انتفاضة استقلال اليونان كانت مركزاً ل علي باشا. خرج العثمانيون نهائياً من لاريسا عام 1897 إثر الحرب اليونانية التركية(1897).

المعالم الأساسية

  • مسرح لاريسا الروماني: تم اكتشافه عام 1968 وهو يتسع لعشرة آلاف متفرج ويعود بناءه للقرن الثالث بعد الميلاد.
  • القلعة البيزنطية (الفروريون): و توجد ضمنها بقايا بازيليك قديم.
  • متحف لاريسا الأركيولوجي: و هو بناء مسجد لاريسا العثماني القدبم، حيث يحتوي على اللقى الأثرية في مقاطعة لاريسا.
  • برج الساعة: يقع في أعلى تلة منخفضة يعتقد أنها كانت تكون أكروبوليس لاريسا.
  • القاعة الفيلهارمونية والسوق المغطى.

الجغرافيا

سهل لاريسا
Mount Kissavos viewed from Pineios bridge in Larissa
سهول لاريسا من مرتفعات دوموكوس

Larissa is around 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west of Thessaloniki and around 210 kilometres (130 mi) north-west of Athens.

تقع لاريسا على ارتفاع 75 متر في وسط سهل تساليا على ضفاف نهر بينيوس، وتعتبر مركز زراعي مهم و عقدة مواصلات حيوية بين شمال و جنوب اليونان. يبلغ عدد سكان المدينة حوالي 130.000 نسمة (تقدير 2005) بذلك تكون سابع مدينة يونانية من حيث عدد السكان، بينما يبلغ العدد مع الضواحي حوالي 207.000 نسمة.

تعود تسمية لاريسا للعصر ما قبل الهيليني وهي تعني القلعة.

The city is in close proximity of destinations such as Mount Olympus, Mount Kissavos, Meteora, Lake Plastira, Pilio, etc.

The Larissa Chasma, a deep gash in the surface of Dione, a natural satellite of Saturn, was named after Larissa.

المناخ

The climate of Larissa is cold semi-arid (Köppen: BSk) with some Mediterranean climate (Csa) characteristics such as the drier summers and the somewhat wetter winters.[22] The winter is cold, and some snowfalls may occur, though few of them are heavy. The summer is particularly hot, and temperatures near or above 40 °C (104 °F) typically occur every year for a few days. Thunderstorms during the summer months are sometimes heavy and may cause agricultural damage. Larissa receives about 413 mm (16 in) of rain per year and has an average annual average temperature of 15.4 °C (59.7 °F).[23]

Climate data for لايسا، 1981–2010 المعتادة
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.2
(50.4) 		11.8
(53.2) 		15.4
(59.7) 		20.0
(68.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		31.6
(88.9) 		33.4
(92.1) 		32.9
(91.2) 		28.6
(83.5) 		22.5
(72.5) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.5
(50.9) 		21.6
(70.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.4
(41.7) 		6.4
(43.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		13.5
(56.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.5
(77.9) 		21.5
(70.7) 		16.5
(61.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		6.4
(43.5) 		15.4
(59.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		1.1
(34.0) 		3.6
(38.5) 		6.9
(44.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.5
(65.3) 		18.1
(64.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		10.5
(50.9) 		5.7
(42.3) 		2.2
(36.0) 		9.1
(48.4)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 29.9
(1.18) 		33.5
(1.32) 		35.2
(1.39) 		39.5
(1.56) 		40.9
(1.61) 		19.8
(0.78) 		18.5
(0.73) 		19.6
(0.77) 		12.9
(0.51) 		44.2
(1.74) 		67.4
(2.65) 		51.2
(2.02) 		412.6
(16.26)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5 6 6 6 5 3 2 2 2 5 7 7 56
Source: meteo-climat-bzh[24]
Climate data for لاريسا، 1961–1990 المعتادة (القصوى 1955–2024)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.8
(73.0) 		25.2
(77.4) 		34.8
(94.6) 		33.8
(92.8) 		40.0
(104.0) 		44.6
(112.3) 		45.5
(113.9) 		45.0
(113.0) 		41.9
(107.4) 		36.8
(98.2) 		29.6
(85.3) 		23.4
(74.1) 		45.5
(113.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3) 		11.8
(53.2) 		14.9
(58.8) 		20.0
(68.0) 		25.7
(78.3) 		30.9
(87.6) 		33.0
(91.4) 		32.4
(90.3) 		28.7
(83.7) 		22.1
(71.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		10.9
(51.6) 		21.3
(70.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2) 		6.8
(44.2) 		9.5
(49.1) 		14.0
(57.2) 		19.6
(67.3) 		24.9
(76.8) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.0
(78.8) 		22.0
(71.6) 		16.1
(61.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		6.3
(43.3) 		15.0
(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9) 		1.5
(34.7) 		3.4
(38.1) 		6.3
(43.3) 		10.8
(51.4) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.6
(63.7) 		17.1
(62.8) 		14.1
(57.4) 		9.8
(49.6) 		5.5
(41.9) 		1.8
(35.2) 		8.6
(47.5)
Record low °C (°F) −21.6
(−6.9) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		1.4
(34.5) 		7.2
(45.0) 		11.0
(51.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		5.0
(41.0) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−17.5
(0.5) 		−21.6
(−6.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.7
(1.17) 		34.9
(1.37) 		36.3
(1.43) 		28.9
(1.14) 		37.1
(1.46) 		23.5
(0.93) 		20.3
(0.80) 		15.5
(0.61) 		29.4
(1.16) 		47.1
(1.85) 		58.2
(2.29) 		52.3
(2.06) 		413.2
(16.27)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.0 5.3 3.5 2.0 1.7 2.8 5.5 6.5 6.9 56.6
Average relative humidity (%) 79.5 75.9 74.1 68.7 61.7 49.9 46.4 50.0 58.6 69.9 78.9 82.5 66.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 104.7 117.8 157.5 213.8 266.3 307.2 337.1 320.1 247.6 171.8 126.0 101.0 2٬470٫9
Source: NOAA[25]

Administration

The municipality Larissa was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[26]

Districts

The municipal unit of Larissa is divided into four city-districts or municipal communities (29 city areas) plus 2 suburban communities (Amphithea and Koulourion). The municipality includes also the Community of Terpsithèa (with the suburban community of Argyssa).

1st Municipal District (pop. 26,035)

  1. Papastàvrou
  2. Saint Athanàsios
  3. Alkazàr
  4. Hippocrates-Pèra
  5. Potamòpolis
  6. Philippòpolis
  7. Livadàki
  8. Saint Thomas
  9. Saint Paraskevi-Mezourlo
  10. Neàpolis

2nd Municipal District (pop. 41,816)

  1. Saint Achellios
  2. Saint Nikòlaos
  3. Ambelòkipoi
  4. Saints Sarànta
  5. Saint Konstantinos
  6. Stathmòs

3rd Municipal District (pop. 30,121)

  1. Lachanòkipoi
  2. Nèa Smyrne-Kamynia
  3. Kalyvia-Saint Marina
  4. Saint Geòrgios
  5. Anatoli
  6. Koulouri
  7. Amphithèa

4th Municipal District (pop. 26,814)

  1. Charavgi-Toumba-OKE
  2. Pyrovolikà-Pharos
  3. Avèrof-Sèkfo
  4. Nèa Politia
  5. Epiròtika
  6. Anthoupolis
  7. Neràida
  8. Kàmpos

Community of Terpsithèa (pop. 1,290)

  1. Terpsithèa
  2. Argyssa

From 1 January 2011, in accordance with the Kallikratis Plan (new administrative division of Greece), the new municipality of Larissa includes also the former municipalities of Giannouli and Koilada.

Province

The province of Larissa (Greek: Επαρχία Λάρισας) was one of the provinces of the Larissa Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Larissa (except the municipal unit Giannouli) and Tempi (except the municipal units Gonnoi and Kato Olympos).[27] It was abolished in 2006.

Main streets

List of mayors

The mayors of Larissa from 1881 to 2023 were as follows:[28]

Economy

Larissa is a major agricultural center of Greece, due to the plain of Thessaly.

In manufacturing sector, Larissa is among others home to Biokarpet carpet company (whose owners were also major shareholders of AEL FC in the past) and Orient Bikes.

It comes also in first place with the highest percentage of bars-taverns-restaurants per capita in Greece. Mikel Coffee Company and Bruno Coffee Stores chains started and have also their base in the city.

Culture

A horse statue
Alcazar park
The Thessalian Theatre
New Year's Eve concert at Frourio Hill

Theatres and Odeons

  • Municipal Conservatory of Larissa[29]
  • Pappas's Mile Theatre[30]
  • Municipal Theatre OUHL of Larissa[31] (Thessalian Theatre)
  • Hatzigianeio Cultural Centre
  • Tiritomba Shadows Theatre

Cuisine

Old Mills of Pappas

Local specialities:

  • Batzina (Μπατζίνα) pie baked in the oven
  • Kelaidi (Κελαηδί)
  • Pita (Πίτα, traditional pies with pasta phyllo, baked in the oven) like Kreatopita, Loukanikopita, Melintzanopita, Tyropita, Spanakopita
  • Plastós (Πλαστός) pie
  • Lahanópsomo (Λαχανόψωμο) cabbage bread
  • Halvas (Χαλβάς) sweet

Museums

  • Diachronic Museum of Larissa / Archaeological and Byzantine Myseum of Larissa[32]
  • Municipal Gallery of Larissa – G.I. Katsigras Museum[33]
  • Folklore and Historical Museum of Larissa[34]
  • Military Veterinary Museum of Larissa
  • Museum of the Folklore Society of Larissa
  • Museum of Grain and Flours

Media

Festivals

Among the notable festivals that the city hosts, is the "Pineiou Festival" (mainly music), "Mill of Performing Arts" and "AgroThessaly", a major agricultural fair.

Organizations

In popular culture

متفرقات

  • يوجد في المدينة أقسام من جامعة ثيساليا، ويوجد بها أيضاً معهد تقني عالي.

Transport

Larissa sits in the middle of the plain of Thessaly, with connections to the A1 motorway and national roads EO3 and EO6.

Sports

Alcazar Stadium

The local football club AEL FC currently participates in Superleague Greece. The team won the Greek Championship, in 1988, and won the Greek Cup in 1985 and 2007. These titles place AEL among the five most important football clubs in Greece.

Two other professional football clubs with long histories also represent the city: Apollon and Iraklis.

AEL has hosted its home games at the AEL FC Arena, a UEFA 3-star-rated football ground, since November 2010. Other important sport venues are the National Sport Center of Larissa (EAK Larissas), which includes the Alcazar Stadium and the Neapoli Indoor Hall.

The National Sports Center of Larissa can accommodate a number of sports and events (football, basketball, wrestling, swimming, boxing, martial arts, handball, water polo, etc.), while the Sports Hall has hosted important athletic events (the 1995 FIBA Under-19 World Cup, the 1997 Women's EuroLeague Final Four, the 2003 Greek Basketball Cup Final Four, martial arts events, etc.), and it is also used for cultural events, such as dance festivals.

Notable sport clubs based in Larissa
Club Sports Founded Achievements
Apollon Larissa Football 1930 Presence in Super League 2
A.E.L. (Athletic Union of Larissa) Football 1964 Winner of Greek Championship and Greek Cup
Basketball 2006 Previous presence in Greek Basket League
EA Larissa Volleyball 1968 Previous presence in Greek Volleyball League
Iraklis Larissa Football 1930/1982 (refoundation) Presence in Super League 2
Olympia Larissa Basketball 1979 Previous presence in Greek Basket League
Larisa Basketball 1984 Presence in Greek Basket League
Gymnastikos S. Larissas Basketball 1928 Previous in Greek Basket League
Filathlitikos Larissaikos Syllogos Volleyball 1990 Previous presence in Greek Women's Volleyball League

Historical population

The population of Larissa at different times was as follows:[35]

Year Municipal Unit Municipality
1940 32,686 35344
1951 41,016 -
1961 56,010 -
1971 72,336 -
1981 102,426 -
1991 113,090 129,429
2001 131,095 145,981
2011 146,926 162,591
2021 148,562 164,095

أشخاص بارزون

A statue of Hippocrates in the cenotaph monument (sculptor Georgios Kalakalas)
Achillius of Larissa
Theoklitos Farmakidis
Vassilis Spanoulis

قدماء

بالعصور الوسطى

بالعصر الحديث

بلدات توأم – مدن شقيقة

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece

Larissa is twinned with:[37]

Gallery

  • Central square (Themidos), 1920

    Central square (Themidos), 1920

  • A bust of Koumoundouros in central square

    A bust of Koumoundouros in central square

  • View of the city in the 1940s

    View of the city in the 1940s

  • Tachidromiou Square in 1950s

    Tachidromiou Square in 1950s

  • War memorial

    War memorial

  • Holocaust memorial

    Holocaust memorial

  • City with snow in winter

    City with snow in winter

  • Yeni Tzami, the former seat of the Archeological Museum of Larissa

    Yeni Tzami, the former seat of the Archeological Museum of Larissa

  • Rail Station Square

    Rail Station Square

See also

References

  1. ^ "Municipality of Larissa, Municipal elections – October 2023". Ministry of Interior.
  2. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة census21
  3. ^ Stephanus Byzantius, s.v.
  4. ^ Pausanias, 2.24.1
  5. ^ Hippothous led the tribes of Pelasgian spearsmen, who dwelt in fertile Larissa — Hippothous, and Pylaeus of the race of Mars, two sons of the Pelasgian Lethus, son of Teutamus.
  6. ^ The Internet Classics Archive | The Iliad by Homer
  7. ^ Curtis Runnels and Tjeerd H. van Andel. "The Lower and Middle Paleolithic of Thessaly, Greece" Journal of Field Archaeology 20.3 (Autumn 1993:299–317) summarises the survey carried out in June 1991.
  8. ^ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon". Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
  9. ^ "The city and the plain around it were settled in prehistoric times, and its name must be early, but it is first mentioned in connection with the(Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister, eds., The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (Princeton University Press) 1976, 's.v. "Larissa, or Larisa, or Pelasgis, Thessaly").
  10. ^ Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thessaly and Adjacent Regions". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 714–715. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
  11. ^ Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thessaly and Adjacent Regions". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 695–697. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
  12. ^ Suzanne, Bernard F. "Larissa". plato-dialogues.org.
  13. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح قالب:ODB
  14. ^ أ ب ت ث Savvides, A. (2002). "Yeñi Shehir". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume XI: W–Z. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 333. ISBN 90-04-12756-9. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  15. ^ Minkov, Anton (2004). Conversion to Islam in the Balkans : Kisve bahası petitions and Ottoman social life, 1670-1730. Leiden: Brill. p. 49. ISBN 1-4237-1251-X. OCLC 191947039.
  16. ^ GÖKBİLGİN, M. TAYYİB (1956). "KANUNÎ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN DEVRİ BAŞLARINDA RUMELİ EYALETİ, LİVALARI, ŞEHİR VE KASABALARI". Belleten. 20 (78): 278. eISSN 2791-6472. ISSN 0041-4255.
  17. ^ "Δήμος Λαρισαίων - ΔΗΜΟΣ ΛΑΡΙΣΑΣ". www.larissa.gov.gr.
  18. ^ قالب:Oriens Christianus
  19. ^ Heinrich Gelzer, "Ungedruckte. . .Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum", Munich, 1900, 557.
  20. ^ Parthey, Hieroclis Synecdemus, Berlin, 1866, 120.
  21. ^ Gelzer, op. cit., 635.
  22. ^ "Updated Köppen-Geiger climate map of the world". people.eng.unimelb.edu.au. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  23. ^ "Rainfall in Larissa, Greece Average Precipitation and Wet Days". www.larissa.climatemps.com.
  24. ^ "moyennes 1981/2010".
  25. ^ "Larissa Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  26. ^ "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in اليونانية). Government Gazette.
  27. ^ "Detailed census results 1991" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. (39 MB) (in Greek and فرنسية)
  28. ^ "Οι δήμαρχοι της Λάρισας από το 1881 μέχρι σήμερα". June 12, 2019.
  29. ^ "Municipal Odeon of Larissa".
  30. ^ "Ο Μύλος του Παππά". September 17, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-09-17.
  31. ^ "Θεσσαλικό Θέατρο". Θεσσαλικό Θέατρο.
  32. ^ "Ministry of Culture and Sports | Diachronic Museum of Larissa". odysseus.culture.gr.
  33. ^ "Δήμος Λαρισαίων". February 2, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-02-02.
  34. ^ "Δήμος Λαρισαίων". January 17, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-01-17.
  35. ^ "ΕΕΤΑΑ-Διοικητικές Μεταβολές των ΟΤΑ".
  36. ^ قالب:Cite DGRBM
  37. ^ "Αδελφοποιημένες Πόλεις". larissa-dimos.gr (in اليونانية). Larissa. Retrieved 2021-04-02.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Larissa.

قالب:Larissa div

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