نوكس‌ڤل، تنسي

Coordinates: 35°57′42″N 83°55′24″W / 35.9617°N 83.9232°W / 35.9617; -83.9232
"Knoxville" redirects here. For other uses, see Knoxville (توضيح).
Knoxville, Tennessee
City
City of Knoxville
Clockwise from top: Skyline of Knoxville, Neyland Stadium, Market Square, University of Tennessee campus, Gay Street in Downtown, and Patrick Sullivan's Saloon in Old City
Clockwise from top: Skyline of Knoxville, Neyland Stadium, Market Square, University of Tennessee campus, Gay Street in Downtown, and Patrick Sullivan's Saloon in Old City
علم Knoxville, Tennessee
Flag
الختم الرسمي لـ Knoxville, Tennessee
الشعار
الشعار الرسمي لـ Knoxville, Tennessee
Logo
الكنية: 
Marble City,[1] Heart of the Valley,[2] Queen City of the Mountains,[3] K-Town,[4] Scruffy City,[5] Gateway to the Great Smoky Mountains,[6] Knox Vegas.[7]
Location of Knoxville in Knox County, Tennessee.
Location of Knoxville in Knox County, Tennessee.
Knoxville, Tennessee is located in Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Location in the United States
Knoxville, Tennessee is located in الولايات المتحدة
Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee (الولايات المتحدة)
Knoxville, Tennessee is located in أمريكا الشمالية
Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee (أمريكا الشمالية)
الإحداثيات: 35°57′42″N 83°55′24″W / 35.9617°N 83.9232°W / 35.9617; -83.9232
Country الولايات المتحدة
State تنسي
CountyKnox
Settled1786
Founded1791
Incorporated1815
أسسهاJames White
السمِيْHenry Knox
الحكومة
[9][10]
 • النوعMayor–council
 • MayorIndya Kincannon (D)[أ]
 • City Council
المساحة
[11]
 • City104٫25 ميل² (270٫01 كم²)
 • البر98٫72 ميل² (255٫69 كم²)
 • الماء5٫53 ميل² (14٫32 كم²)  5.4%
المنسوب
[12]
886 ft (270 m)
التعداد
 (2020)[13]
 • City190٬740 ▲
 • الترتيبUS: 135th
 • الكثافة1٬932٫13/sq mi (745٫98/km2)
 • Urban
558٬696 (US: 74th)
 • العمرانية
868٬546 (US: 64th)
 • CSA
1٬096٬961 (US: 50th)
صفة المواطنKnoxvillian
منطقة التوقيتUTC−5 (EST)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−4 (EDT)
Zip code
37901-37902, 37909, 37912, 37914-37920-37924, 37927-37934, 37938-37940, 37950, 37995-37998
مفتاح الهاتف865
FIPS code[14]47-40000
GNIS feature ID[15]1648562
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.knoxvilletn.gov

Knoxville is a city in and the county seat of Knox County in the U.S. state of Tennessee.[16] As of the 2020 United States census, Knoxville's population was 190,740,[17] making it the largest city in the East Tennessee Grand Division and the state's third largest city after Nashville and Memphis.[18] Knoxville is the principal city of the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 869,046 in 2019.[19]

First settled in 1786, Knoxville was the first capital of Tennessee. The city struggled with geographic isolation throughout the early 19th century. The arrival of the railroad in 1855 led to an economic boom.[20] The city was bitterly divided over the secession issue during the American Civil War and was occupied alternately by Confederate and Union armies, culminating in the Battle of Fort Sanders in 1863.[20] Following the war, Knoxville grew rapidly as a major wholesaling and manufacturing center. The city's economy stagnated after the 1920s as the manufacturing sector collapsed, the downtown area declined and city leaders became entrenched in highly partisan political fights.[20] Hosting the 1982 World's Fair helped reinvigorate the city,[20] and revitalization initiatives by city leaders and private developers have had major successes in spurring growth in the city, especially the downtown area.[21]

Knoxville is the home of the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee, whose sports teams, the Tennessee Volunteers, are popular in the surrounding area. Knoxville is also home to the headquarters of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for East Tennessee, and the corporate headquarters of several national and regional companies. As one of the largest cities in the Appalachian region, Knoxville has positioned itself in recent years as a repository of Appalachian culture and is one of the gateways to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.[22][23]

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التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: History of Knoxville, Tennessee
انظر أيضاً: Timeline of Knoxville, Tennessee


Early history

The first people to form substantial settlements in what is now Knoxville were indigenous people who arrived during the Woodland period (1000 B.C. to A.D. 1000ح. 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1000).[24] One of the oldest artificial structures in Knoxville is a burial mound constructed during the early Mississippian culture period (A.D. 1000–1400ح. A.D. 1000–1400). The earthwork mound has been preserved, but the campus of the University of Tennessee developed around it.[25]

Other prehistoric sites include an Early Woodland habitation area at the confluence of the Tennessee River and Knob Creek (near the Knox-Blount county line),[24] and Dallas Phase Mississippian villages at Post Oak Island (also along the river near the Knox-Blount line),[26] and at Bussell Island (at the mouth of the Little Tennessee River near Lenoir City).[27]

By the 18th century, the Cherokee, an Iroquoian language people, had become the dominant tribe in the East Tennessee region; they are believed to have migrated centuries before from the Great Lakes area. They were consistently at war with the Creek (who spoke Muskogee) and Shawnee (who spoke Central Algonquian).[28][29] The Cherokee people called the Knoxville area kuwanda'talun'yi, which means "Mulberry Place".[30] Most Cherokee habitation in the area was concentrated in what the American colonists called the Overhill settlements along the Little Tennessee River, southwest of Knoxville.


الجغرافيا

المناخ

Climate data for Knoxville (McGhee Tyson Airport), 1991−2020 normals,[ب] extremes 1871–present[ت]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 77
(25) 		83
(28) 		88
(31) 		93
(34) 		96
(36) 		105
(41) 		105
(41) 		102
(39) 		103
(39) 		96
(36) 		85
(29) 		80
(27) 		105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 68
(20) 		72
(22) 		78
(26) 		85
(29) 		89
(32) 		93
(34) 		95
(35) 		94
(34) 		92
(33) 		84
(29) 		76
(24) 		69
(21) 		96
(36)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 48.2
(9.0) 		52.8
(11.6) 		61.4
(16.3) 		71.2
(21.8) 		78.9
(26.1) 		85.7
(29.8) 		88.4
(31.3) 		87.8
(31.0) 		82.5
(28.1) 		71.7
(22.1) 		60.0
(15.6) 		51.0
(10.6) 		70.0
(21.1)
Daily mean °F (°C) 39.1
(3.9) 		42.9
(6.1) 		50.6
(10.3) 		59.6
(15.3) 		67.9
(19.9) 		75.3
(24.1) 		78.5
(25.8) 		77.6
(25.3) 		71.8
(22.1) 		60.3
(15.7) 		49.0
(9.4) 		41.9
(5.5) 		59.5
(15.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 30.0
(−1.1) 		33.1
(0.6) 		39.8
(4.3) 		48.0
(8.9) 		56.9
(13.8) 		64.9
(18.3) 		68.7
(20.4) 		67.5
(19.7) 		61.1
(16.2) 		48.9
(9.4) 		38.1
(3.4) 		32.8
(0.4) 		49.2
(9.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 12
(−11) 		17
(−8) 		23
(−5) 		33
(1) 		41
(5) 		55
(13) 		61
(16) 		60
(16) 		48
(9) 		33
(1) 		24
(−4) 		18
(−8) 		9
(−13)
Record low °F (°C) −24
(−31) 		−10
(−23) 		1
(−17) 		22
(−6) 		32
(0) 		42
(6) 		49
(9) 		49
(9) 		35
(2) 		24
(−4) 		5
(−15) 		−6
(−21) 		−24
(−31)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.76
(121) 		4.81
(122) 		4.89
(124) 		4.71
(120) 		4.13
(105) 		4.24
(108) 		5.25
(133) 		3.63
(92) 		3.49
(89) 		2.81
(71) 		4.21
(107) 		5.00
(127) 		51.93
(1٬319)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 1.7
(4.3) 		1.4
(3.6) 		0.9
(2.3) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.5
(1.3) 		4.6
(12)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 11.5 11.7 12.7 11.1 11.1 12.0 11.6 9.8 7.8 8.0 9.4 12.0 128.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.2 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 4.0
Average relative humidity (%) 71.7 68.0 64.8 63.3 70.8 73.5 75.7 76.3 76.1 73.0 71.8 72.9 71.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 135.8 145.3 208.9 256.6 287.2 291.1 287.3 278.0 232.3 217.2 151.7 122.5 2٬613٫9
Percent possible sunshine 44 48 56 65 66 67 65 67 62 62 49 40 59
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[31][32][33]


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منظر المدينة

العمارة

Downtown Knoxville, viewed from the south waterfront
Tennessee Amphitheater in Knoxville, 2015


السكان

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
18502٬076—
18708٬682—
18809٬69311٫6%
189022٬535132٫5%
190032٬63744٫8%
191036٬34611٫4%
192077٬818114٫1%
1930105٬80236�0%
1940111٬5805٫5%
1950124٬76911٫8%
1960111٬827−10٫4%
1970174٬58756٫1%
1980175٬0450٫3%
1990165٬121−5٫7%
2000173٬8905٫3%
2010178٬8742٫9%
2020190٬7406٫6%
Sources:[34]
Racial composition 1970[36] 1990[36] 2000[37] 2010[37] 2018 est.[38]
White 87.0% 82.7% 79.9% 76.1% 76.1%
Black 12.7% 15.8% 16.0% 17.1% 17.0%
Asian 0.2% 1.0% 1.5% 1.7% 1.8%
Native 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander		 – – 0.0% 0.2% 0.1%
Other race 0.1% 0.2% 0.7% 2.2% 1.5%
Two or more races – – 1.6% 2.5% 3.1%

تعداد 2020

Knoxville racial composition[39]
Race Number Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 130,036 68.17%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 30,123 15.79%
Native American 547 0.29%
Asian 4,323 2.27%
Pacific Islander 105 0.06%
Other/Mixed 10,446 5.48%
Hispanic or Latino 15,160 7.95%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 190,740 people, 83,492 households, and 40,405 families residing in the city.

الاقتصاد

After the arrival of the railroads in the 1850s, Knoxville grew to become a major wholesaling and manufacturing center. Following the collapse of the city's textile industry in the 1950s, Knoxville's economy grew more diversified. In 2011, 15.9% of the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area's (MSA) work force was employed by government entities, while 14.1% were employed in the professional service sector, 14% worked in education or health care, 12.7% were employed in the retail sector, 10.5% worked in leisure and hospitality, and 8.9% worked in the manufacturing sector.[40] The region had an unemployment rate of 7.9% in 2011.[40]


الشركات الكبرى

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the nation's largest public power provider,[41] is a federally owned corporation headquartered in Knoxville. TVA reported $11.8 billion in revenue in 2011,[42] and employs over 12,000 region-wide.[43]

التكنولوجيا والبحث العلمي

The University of Tennessee is classified by the Carnegie Commission as a university with "very high research activity", conducting more than $300 million in externally funded research annually.[44] U.T.-connected research centers with multimillion-dollar National Science Foundation grants include the Appalachian Collaborative Center for Learning, Assessment and Instruction in Mathematics, the National Institute for Computational Sciences, the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, and the Center for Ultra-wide-area Resilient Electric Energy Transmission Networks (CURENT).[45][46] U.T. and the nearby Oak Ridge National Laboratory jointly conduct numerous research projects and co-manage the National Transportation Research Center.[44]

The Tennessee Technology Corridor stretches across 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) between West Knoxville and Oak Ridge. The Corridor is home to 13 research and development firms employing nearly 2,000.[47]

الثقافة

انظر أيضاً: Music of East Tennessee
Tennessee Theatre

Knoxville is home to a rich arts community and has many festivals throughout the year. Its contributions to old-time, bluegrass and country music are numerous, from Flatt & Scruggs and Homer & Jethro to the Everly Brothers.


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المدن الشقيقة

Knoxville has seven sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International:[48]

إشارات في الثقافة الشعبية

قالب:In popular culture

Other references to Knoxville in literature and music include:

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ Tennessee Code 2-13-208 requires all municipal elections and their respective offices to be nonpartisan.[8]
  2. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  3. ^ Official records for Knoxville kept January 1871 to February 1942 at downtown and at McGhee Tyson Airport since March 1942. For more information, see Threadex

المراجع

  1. ^ Ask Doc Knox, "What's With All This Marble City Business?" Metro Pulse, May 10, 2010. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.
  2. ^ Lucile Deaderick, Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976).
  3. ^ Mark Banker, Appalachians All: East Tennessee and the Elusive History of an American Region (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2010), p. 83.
  4. ^ Jack Neely, From the Shadow Side: And Other Stories of Knoxville, Tennessee (Tellico Books, 2003).
  5. ^ "Knoxvillians capitalize on the city's 'scruffy' reputation | The Daily Beacon". Archived from the original on أبريل 10, 2015. Retrieved أبريل 10, 2015.
  6. ^ Jack Neely, "A Knoxville Vacation Archived أكتوبر 15, 2015 at the Wayback Machine", Knoxville Mercury, July 9, 2015.
  7. ^ Campbell, Chuck (مارس 27, 2018). "5 nerdy things you don't know about Knoxville". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved يوليو 28, 2021.
  8. ^ "Tennessee Code 2-13-208 – Municipal elections to be nonpartisan". LawServer.com. Retrieved فبراير 6, 2022.
  9. ^ "Knoxville". Municipal Technical Advisory Service. Retrieved أغسطس 5, 2020.
  10. ^ "Government". City of Knoxville. Retrieved أغسطس 5, 2020.
  11. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved يوليو 30, 2020.
  12. ^ "Feature Detail Report for: City of Knoxville". USGS. مارس 10, 2008. Retrieved يناير 15, 2009.
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved نوفمبر 6, 2014.
  14. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved يناير 31, 2008.
  15. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. أكتوبر 25, 2007. Archived from the original on فبراير 26, 2012. Retrieved يناير 31, 2008.
  16. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on مايو 31, 2011. Retrieved يونيو 7, 2011.
  17. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Knoxville city, Tennessee". www.census.gov.
  18. ^ U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Interactive Population Search Archived يناير 21, 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: December 20, 2011.
  19. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved أغسطس 20, 2020.
  20. ^ أ ب ت ث خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة wheeler
  21. ^ "Ask Doc Knox", "Downtown's Homegrown Revival", Metro Pulse, November 16, 2011. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.
  22. ^ King, Niki (ديسمبر 12, 2011). "Urban Appalachia: Who, Where and What is it?!". The Hillville. Retrieved يوليو 28, 2020. Knoxville, Roanoke and Pittsburgh all had spots in Planetizen's list of top 100 public spaces, an indication of the urban-loving lifestyles that flourish there.
  23. ^ Harlan, Will (نوفمبر 29, 2012). "Knoxville plans greenway to the Smokies". Blue Ridge Outdoors. Retrieved يوليو 28, 2020. Knoxville, the self-proclaimed 'Gateway to the Smokies', has big plans to build a greenway system that connects it to the country's most popular national park.
  24. ^ أ ب Fletcher Jolly III, "40KN37: An Early Woodland Habitation Site in Knox County, Tennessee", Tennessee Archaeologist 31, nos. 1–2 (1976), 51.
  25. ^ Frank H. McClung Museum, "Woodland Period Archived أبريل 12, 2012 at the Wayback Machine". Retrieved: March 25, 2008.
  26. ^ James Strange, "An Unusual Late Prehistoric Pipe from Post Oak Island (40KN23)", Tennessee Archaeologist 30, no. 1 (1974), 80.
  27. ^ Richard Polhemus, The Toqua Site—40MR6, Vol. I (Norris, Tenn.: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1987), 1240-1246.
  28. ^ Cora Tula Watters, "Shawnee". The Encyclopedia of Appalachia (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 278-279.
  29. ^ Ima Stephens, "Creek", The Encyclopedia of Appalachia (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 252-253.
  30. ^ James Mooney, Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee (Nashville: Charles Elder, 1972—reprint from 1891 and 1900), 526.
  31. ^ "NowData—NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 16, 2018. Retrieved مايو 25, 2021.
  32. ^ "Station: Knoxville McGhee Tyson AP, TN". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved مايو 25, 2021.
  33. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for KNOXVILLE/MUNICIPAL, TN 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved مارس 10, 2014.
  34. ^ "Census of Population and Housing: Decennial Censuses". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved مارس 4, 2012. Note: the 1860 census did not include a population estimate for Knoxville. See p. 467.
  35. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved مايو 21, 2020.
  36. ^ أ ب "Table 43. Tennessee—Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. يوليو 13, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on سبتمبر 17, 2011. Retrieved أبريل 27, 2018.
  37. ^ أ ب "Knoxville city, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved ديسمبر 29, 2019.
  38. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Knoxville city, Tennessee". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved يوليو 18, 2020.
  39. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved ديسمبر 26, 2021.
  40. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة mpcfacts
  41. ^ Frequently Asked Questions About TVA Archived يناير 13, 2012 at the Wayback Machine, TVA website. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.
  42. ^ Andy Ashby, "TVA Revenue Rises Almost 9 Percent in Fiscal 2011 Archived ديسمبر 19, 2011 at the Wayback Machine", Memphis Business Journal, November 18, 2011. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.
  43. ^ "Perfect Storm Swamped TVA Retirement Plan Archived مايو 11, 2013 at the Wayback Machine", Chattanooga Times Free Press, February 20, 2010. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.
  44. ^ أ ب About UT-Battelle Archived يناير 18, 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.
  45. ^ Knoxville-Area National Science Foundation Grants Archived مارس 24, 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Knoxville Book of Lists (Knoxville News Sentinel), 2012. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.
  46. ^ "CURENT". Archived from the original on فبراير 16, 2012. Retrieved أبريل 18, 2016.
  47. ^ Tennessee Technology Corridor Development Authority, Comprehensive Development Plan—2008 Update Archived مايو 11, 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.
  48. ^ "Sister City Directory". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on يوليو 9, 2007. Retrieved أبريل 1, 2011.
  49. ^ Jones, Maggie (يوليو 22, 2019). "Keeping up with Knoxville's Quentin Tarantino: 'Once Upon a Time', 'Star Trek', beyond". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved ديسمبر 27, 2020.
  50. ^ Morrow, Terry (سبتمبر 20, 2010). "'October Sky' cast & crew reunite in Oliver Springs". Knoxville News-Sentinel. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 13, 2012. Retrieved أبريل 1, 2011.
  51. ^ ""Road Trip" Filming & Production". IMDb. Retrieved ديسمبر 27, 2020.
  52. ^ Turczyn, Coury (مايو 2, 2018). "The making of Tom DiCillo's '90s indie gem, 'Box of Moonlight'". PopCulture (magazine). Retrieved ديسمبر 27, 2020.
  53. ^ Bruce Handy, "The Boy Who Cried Author Archived يوليو 13, 2016 at the Wayback Machine", Vanity Fair, May 2006.
  54. ^ Filmography Archived أغسطس 4, 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Visit Knoxville Film/Knox website. Retrieved: July 31, 2016.
  55. ^ Campbell, Chuck (سبتمبر 6, 2018). "5 movies filmed in Knoxville at key times for stars, from Burt Reynolds to Jake Gyllenhaal". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved ديسمبر 27, 2020.
  56. ^ M. Thomas Inge, Charles Reagan Wilson, et al., The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Literature (University of North Carolina Press, 2008), p. 174.
  57. ^ Lynn Point Records, The St. James Sessions Archived يوليو 14, 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: February 5, 2010.
  58. ^ Jack Neely, From the Shadow Side: And Other Stories of Knoxville, Tennessee (Tellico Books, 2003), p. 24.
  59. ^ Neely, From the Shadow Side, p. 96.
  60. ^ Agee, James (2009) [1957]. A Death in the Family. London, England: Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0143105718.
  61. ^ "The Mighty Metro Pulse Collection of Awesome Knoxville Lists", Metro Pulse, June 23, 2010. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.
  62. ^ Tennessee Williams, "The Man In the Overstuffed Chair." Collected Stories (New York: New Directions Books, 1985), p. xvi.
  63. ^ Jack Neely, Knoxville's Secret History (Scruffy Books, 1995), pp. 56-7.

للاستزادة

  • Barber, John W., and Howe, Henry. All the Western States and Territories ... (Cincinnati, Ohio: Howe's Subscription Book Concern, 1867). pp. 631–632.
  • Carey, Ruth. "Change Comes to Knoxville", in These Are Our Voices: The Story of Oak Ridge 1942–1970, edited by James Overholt, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1987.
  • Deaderick, Lucile, ed. Heart of the Valley—A History of Knoxville, Tennessee Knoxville: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976.
  • Jennifer Long; "Government Job Creation Programs-Lessons from the 1930s and 1940s" Journal of Economic Issues . Volume: 33. Issue: 4. 1999. pp 903+, a case study of Knoxville.
  • Isenhour, Judith Clayton. Knoxville, A Pictorial History. (Donning Company, 1978, 1980).
  • "Knoxville". The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Archived from the original on أبريل 15, 2006. Retrieved مارس 14, 2006.
  • McDonald, Michael, and Bruce Wheeler. Knoxville, Tennessee: Continuity and Change in an Appalachian City University of Tennessee Press, 1983. the standard academic history
  • McKenzie, Robert Tracy. Lincolnites and Rebels: A Divided Town in the American Civil War (2009) on Knoxville excerpt and text search
  • The Future of Knoxville's Past: Historic and Architectural Resources in Knoxville, Tennessee. (Knoxville Historic Zoning Commission, October 2006).
  • Rothrock, Mary U., editor. The French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee. (Knox County Historical Committee; East Tennessee Historical Society, 1946).
  • Temple, Oliver P. East Tennessee and the Civil War (1899) 588pp online edition
  • Wheeler, Bruce. "Knoxville, Tennessee: A Mountain City in the New South" (University of Tennessee Press, 2005).

وصلات خارجية

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Knoxville.
Wikisource has the text of a 1905 New International Encyclopedia article about Knoxville, Tennessee.

قالب:Knox County, Tennessee قالب:Knoxville Metro قالب:Knoxneighborhoods

قالب:Tennessee cities and mayors of 100,000 population قالب:Knoxville, Tennessee sports venues قالب:Tennessee county seats

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