قاورش

Coordinates: 44°26′54″N 1°26′29″E / 44.4483°N 1.4414°E / 44.4483; 1.4414
إذا كنت تريد the wine region، انظر Cahors wine. إذا كنت تريد the wine grape also known as Cahors، انظر Jurançon (grape). إذا كنت تريد another French wine grape known as Cahors، انظر Négrette.
Cahors
Caors (أوكسيتان)
عاصمة إقليم وبلدة
Cahors pont Valentre vgen.jpg
Cahors Vue générale 22.JPG
Municipal library, Statue of Leon Gambetta and Gambetta College in Cahors 01.jpg
Cahors Vue générale 27.JPG
Cahors 2011 08 020.jpg
جسر ڤالنتريه
علم Cahors
Flag
درع Cahors
Coat of arms
Location of Cahors
Cahors is located in فرنسا
Cahors
Cahors
Cahors is located in أوكسيتانيا
Cahors
Cahors
الإحداثيات: 44°26′54″N 1°26′29″E / 44.4483°N 1.4414°E / 44.4483; 1.4414
البلدفرنسا
المنطقةأوكسيتاني
الإقليمLot
الدائرةCahors
الكانتونكاور-1، 2 و 3
بين‌التجمعاتCA Grand Cahors
الحكومة
 • العمدة (2020–2026) Jean-Marc Vayssouze-Faure[1]
المساحة
1
64٫72 كم² (24٫99 ميل²)
التعداد
 (يناير 2019)
19٬937
 • الكثافة310/km2 (800/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/الرمز البريدي
46042 /4675493
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

قاورش أو كاور ( فرنسية: Cahors ؛ بالفرنسية: [kaɔʁ]؛ أوكسيتان: Caors [kaˈuɾs, ˈkɔw(s)] ؛ العربية: قاورش‎[2]) هي بلدة في الجزء الغربي من جنوب فرنسا. وهي أصغر العواصم الثلاثة عشر التي تشكل منطقة أوكسيتانيا.[3] وبصفتها المدينة الرئيسية لإقليم لوت والمركز التاريخي لـ كويرسي، يبلغ عدد سكان كاور 19,878 نسمة، يُدعَون cadurciennes و cadurciens.

Nestled in a meander of the Lot and surrounded by steep arid limestone hills, this historic city is home to a great monumental diversity, mainly inherited from Roman times and the Middle Ages; the city's monuments include a historic city centre, Saint-Étienne cathedral, Roman walls and the famous Valentré bridge (a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the pilgrimage path to Santiago de Compostela). Famed for its wine and gastronomy (truffles and foie gras), this southern French city holds the label of the French Towns of Art and History. The Cadurcian economy is reliant on tertiary services and makes Cahors the Lot's economic centre.

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التاريخ

Hôtel de Roaldès

Cahors has had a rich history since Celtic times. The original name of the town was Divona or Divona Cadurcorum, "Divona of the Cadurci," Divona was a fountain, now called "la fontaine des Chartreux", worshiped by the Cadurci, a Celtic people of Gaul before the Roman conquest in the 50s BC. The Cadurci were among the last Celtic tribes to resist the Roman invasion. Cahors derives from Cadurcorum.[4] However, romanization was rapid and profound: Cahors became a large Roman city, with many monuments whose remnants can be seen today. It has declined economically since the Middle Ages, and lost its university in the 18th century. Today it is a popular tourist centre with people coming to enjoy its medieval quarter and the 14th-century fortified Valentré bridge. It is the seat of the Diocese of Cahors.

It was also notorious at that time for the financiers widely known as Cahorsins, Christians who charged interest on their loans. The church in these times said that using money as an end in itself (usury) was a sin. Because of this Cahors became synonymous with this sin, and was mentioned in Dante's Inferno (XI.50) alongside Sodom as wicked.

Pope John XXII, born Jacques Duèze or d'Euse, was born in Cahors in 1244, the son of a shoemaker.

In the 2007 Tour de France, Cahors was the start of stage 18. Cahors also in the 2022 Tour de France was the finish of stage 19.


الجغرافيا

تقع البلدة على بعد 115 كم شمال تولوز، على RN20 / A20، اللذين يربطان المدينة، عبر ليموج إلى پاريس و أورليان. The town's height above sea level is between 105 metres (344 feet) and 332 metres (1,089 feet). The area of the town is 64.72 square kilometres (24.99 square miles), with population density relatively high for France at 309 inhabitants per square kilometre (800/sq mi).[5]

منظر قلب المدينة الكادورسية والمناطق المجاورة، من جبل سان سير.

التعداد

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1968 19٬128—    
1975 20٬226+0.80%
1982 19٬707−0.37%
1990 19٬735+0.02%
1999 20٬003+0.15%
2007 20٬093+0.06%
2012 19٬991−0.10%
2017 19٬878−0.11%
Source: INSEE[6]

المعالم

The bridge
On the bridge
Cahors - Roman amphitheatre
  • The Valentré Bridge, the symbol of the town. Building began in 1308 and was completed in 1378. The legend associated with this bridge is one of the most fully realized of all Devil's Bridge legends, with a carefully developed plot, complex characters, and a surprising dénouement. When the bridge was restored in 1879, the architect Paul Gout made reference to this by placing a small sculpture of the devil at the summit of one of the towers.
  • Cathédrale Saint-Étienne, a national monument.
  • Saint-Barthélémy Church (14th century).
  • Maison Henri IV or Hôtel de Roaldès (15th century).
  • Daurade quarter with:
    • Maison Hérétié (14th–16th centuries)
    • Maison Dolive (17th century)
    • Maison du Bourreau (13th century)
  • The barbican that once defended the Barre Gate.
  • Tour des pendus.
  • Palais Duèze.
  • Tower of Pope John XXII.
  • Collège Pélegry.
  • Cloister
  • Arc de Diane, a relic of ancient Roman baths.
  • Roman Amphitheatre – remains of an oval amphitheatre were revealed when the underground car park was excavated at the Place Gambetta, just west of, and partially beneath, Boulevard Gambetta in the city centre. The stone walls can be seen in the car park first level, below the statue of Leon Gambetta, and opened to the public in April 2009.

النبيذ

A Cahors château and vineyard
المقالة الرئيسية: Cahors wine

The area around Cahors produces wine, primarily robust and tannic red wine. Wine from the Cahors appellation must be made from at least 70% Malbec (also called Cot, Auxerrois and Pressac) grape, with a maximum of 30% Merlot or Tannat grape varieties.

الثقافة

The Cahors Blues Festival has taken place annually, in July, since 1982.

التعليم

From 1331 to 1751 the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cahors managed the University of Cahors.

Pope John XXII granted a charter on 7 June 1331.[7]

The university had three colleges at Cahors: Pélegry (1358), Rodez (1371), and San Michel (1473).[8] Fénelon studied at this institution, which, in 1751, was dissolved as a separate institution and annexed to the University of Toulouse.[9] The institution had faculties covering theology, law, medicine, arts and literature.

The university dissolved in 1751 and faculties annexed into the University of Toulouse.

أشخاص بارزون

Clement Marot
Marcel Marceau, 1971


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الرياضة

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in الفرنسية). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ الشريف الإدريسي. نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق. الجزء الثاني، الصفحة 740.
  3. ^ Commune de Cahors (46042), INSEE
  4. ^ Bernhard Maier, Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture (Boydell and Brewer, 1997, originally published 1994 in German), p. 52.
  5. ^ Répertoire géographique des communes, publié par l'Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière Archived 8 يناير 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in فرنسية)
  6. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  7. ^ M.J. Baudel (1876). Histoire de l'Université de Cahors (in اللاتينية and الفرنسية). Layton. pp. 7–14.
  8. ^ Hastings Rashdall (1895). The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: pt. 1. Italy. Spain. France. Germany. Scotland, etc. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 179–180.
  9. ^ Patric Ferté (1975). L'Université de Cahors au XVIIIe [i.e. dix-huitième] siècle: 1700-1751 le coma universitaire au siècle des Lumières (in الفرنسية). Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe: Verf.
  10. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "John XXII (pope)" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 15 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 436–437. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  11. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Marot, Clément" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 17 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 748–749. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  12. ^ Debuchy, Paul (1909). "Blaise Gisbert" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6.
  13. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bessières, Jean Baptiste" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 3 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 823–824. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  14. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gambetta, Léon" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 11 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 435–436. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  15. ^ "Marcel Marceau, Renowned Mime, Dies at 84". NYT. The New York Times. 24 September 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع قاورش.
معرفة المصادر بها نص من the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica مقالة Cahors.

قالب:Lot communes

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