الضربات الإيرانية على إسرائيل، أكتوبر 2024
الضربات الإيرانية على إسرائيل (أكتوبر 2024) Iranian strikes against Israel | |
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جزء من الصراع الإسرائيلي الإيراني 2024 وامتداد الحرب الإسرائيلية الفلسطينية | |
النوع | ضربة صاروخية |
القيادة | علي خامنئي[1] |
هدف | المنشآت العسكرية الإسرائيلية[2] |
التاريخ | 1 أكتوبر 2024 |
التنفيذ | جيش حراس الثورة الإسلامية[3] |
النتائج |
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الخسائر | مقتل مدني فلسطيني (بجسم صاروخ تم اعتراضه);[7] إصابة إسرائيليين بجروح طفيفة[8] 2 Jordanian civilians lightly injured (by shrapnel)[9] |
في 1 أكتوبر 2024، أطلقت إيران 181[note 1] صاروخ باليستي على أهداف عسكرية داخل إسرائيل على دفعتين، وهو أكبر هجوم إيراني خلال الصراع الإيراني الإسرائيلي.[10] وأطلقت إيران على العملية اسم الاسم الرمزي عملية الوعد الصادق 2.[11]
وأدى الهجوم إلى إطلاق صفارات الإنذار في جميع أنحاء اسرائيل، مع حدوث انفجارات في السماء في مناطق متعددة، بما في ذلك القدس وتل أبيب.[12] وتحققت عدة إصابات مباشرة في قاعدة نڤاطيم الجوية في النقب.[13] وكذلك ألحقت الصواريخ أضرارا بعدة مواقع، بما في ذلك مدرسة في غديرا ومطعم في تل أبيب.[14][15] وأصيب إسرائليلين[14][15] بينما قُتل رجل فلسطيني وأصيب عدد من الفلسطينيين بشظايا الصواريخ بعد اعتراضها في أريحا.[3][15]كما أصيب مدنيان أردنيان بشظايا الاعتراضات فوق الأردن.[9]
وصرحت إيران بأن الهجوم كان في الدفاع عن النفس[16][17]ورداً على اغتيال زعيم حماس [إسماعيل هنية]] على الأراضي الإيرانية، وكذلك اغتيال الأمين العام لحزب الله حسن نصر الله والضابط في الحرس الثوري الإيراني الجنرال عباس نیلفروشان.[12]يُذكر انه في أبريل من نفس العام، هاجمت إسرائيل السفارة الإيران في دمشق، فرد إيران بهجوم انتقامي أطلقت عليه اسم عملية الوعد الصادق 2024.[18]
وشككت جهات غربية في فعالية الهجوم الإيراني، إلا أن إيران قالت أن 90% من الصواريخ أصابت أهدافها.[19] من ناحيته ادعى الجيش الإسرائيلي أنه اعترض غالبية الصواريخ.[19] لكنه فرض رقابة صارمة على الصحافة وغلى نشر صور المواقع المستهدفة لاخفاء حجم الضرر.[20]وأكدت البنتاغون الأمريكي أن البحرية الأمريكية أطلقت حوالي عشرة صواريخ اعتراضية، بمساعدة شركاء لم تحددهم.[21]وأفاد الأردن أن دفاعاته الجوية اعترضت عدة صواريخ وطائرات مسيرة في أجواءه.[21] ووصف رئيس الوزراء الإسرائيلي بنيامين نتنياهو الهجوم بأنه "خطأ كبير" وتعهد بأن إيران "ستدفع الثمن".[22]كما توعدت الولايات المتحدة بـ"عواقب وخيمة" للهجوم، وتعهدت بالعمل مع إسرائيل لضمان أن تنال إيران تداعيات أفعالها.[21]وهددت إيران بدورها بشن "هجمات غير مسبوقة" إذا ردت إسرائيل.[23]
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خلفية
في 31 يوليو 2024، اغتيل إسماعيل هنية، قائد حركة حماس، في العاصمة الإيرانية طهران بهجوم إسرائيلي.[24]وقال ناصر كنعاني، المتحدث باسم وزارة الخارجية الإيرانية،بأن دماء هنية "لن تذهب هباءً".[25]وفي 27 سبتمبر 2024، اغتيل حسن نصر الله، الأمين العام لحزب الله، في غارة جوية إسرائيلية على بيروت.[26] في 29 سبتمبر، ذكرت صحيفة نيويورك تايمز أن المسؤولين الإيرانيين ناقشوا كيفية الرد على اغتيال نصر الله.[27]
وقبل ساعات من الهجمات، حذرت الولايات المتحدة من هجوم إيراني محتمل.[28] وهدد مسؤول أمريكي لـرويترز: "إن أي هجوم عسكري مباشر من إيران ضد إسرائيل سيكون له عواقب وخيمة على إيران".[29]وذكر مسؤولون مجهولون في البنتاغون أن القوات الأمريكية المتمركزة في الشرق الأوسط لم تتعرض للهجوم خلال العملية.[30]
الضربات السابقة بين إيران وإسرائيل (أبريل 2024)
قصف إسرائيلي للسفارة الإيرانية
في الأول من إبريل، هاجمت طائرات إسرائيلية السفارة الإيرانية في دمشق،[31]وأدت لاغتيال جنرالين إيرانيين[32] وامرأة سورية مع طفلها.[33] وأدانت العديد من الدول الهجوم الإسرائيلي،[34][35][36] الذي يُعد انتهاكاً للقانون الدولي.[37]
الهجوم الإيراني على إسرائيل
ردت إيران في 13 أبريل بشن هجمات ضد إسرائيل باستخدام مسيرات انتحارية وصواريخ كروز وصواريخ باليستية. وقام بالهجوم فيلق الحرس الثوري الإسلامي (IRGC)، وأطلق على الملية اسم "عملية الوعد الصادق 2024".[38][البحث الأصلي؟]وجرى الهجوم بحوالي 170 طائرة مسيرة، وأكثر من 30 صاروخ كروز، وأكثر من 120 صاروخاً باليستياً باتجاه إسرائيل ومرتفعات الجولان المحتلة.[note 2]
وقالت إسرائيل أنها أطلقت على التحالف الذي ساندها بالجهود الدفاعية اسم "الدرع الحديدي",[39] والذي قام بتمدير 99% من الهجوم الإيراني،[40][41][42] واسقطت معظمها قبل وصولها إلى المجال الجوي الإسرائيلي.[43] وتمضن الحلف القوات الجوية الأمريكية، والبريطانية، والفرنسية، والأردنية.[44][45][46] فيما تسببت الصواريخ بأضرار طفيفة في قاعدة نڤاطيم الجوية في جنوب إسرائيل، ولكن لم تخرجها عن الخدمة.[47][48][49] وفي إسرائيل، 31 شخصاً بجروح طفيفة أثناء هروبهم إلى الملاجئ أو جراء الهلع.[47][48]وكان الهجوم أكبر هجوم بطائرة بدون طيار في التاريخ،[50][51]وأثارت الهجمات الإيرانية انتقادات من الأمم المتحدة والعديد من زعماء العالم والمحللين السياسيين، الذين حذروا من أنها تخاطر بالتصعيد إلى حرب إقليمية شاملة.[52][53][54][55]
الهجمات الإسرائيلية على إيران
Israel retaliated by executing limited strikes on Iran on 18 April 2024.[56] The Israeli strike reportedly destroyed an air defense radar site guarding the Natanz nuclear facility, aiming to communicate Israel's capabilities to strike Iran without escalating tensions further.[57]
التصعيد في الشرق الأوسط
In September 2024, a major escalation took place in the Hezbollah–Israel conflict that started after the Iranian-backed group initiated attacks against Israel on 8 October 2023, a day after Hamas's 7 October attack on Israel. During this month, Hezbollah suffered major setbacks that degraded its capabilities[58][59] and killed many of its leadership,[60][61] including the 17 and 18 September explosions of its handheld communication devices and the 20 September assassination of Ibrahim Aqil, commander of the elite Redwan Force.[62][63] Airstrikes by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) also targeted Hezbollah's military bases, command centers, airstrips, and weapons caches across southern Lebanon.[64] These setbacks culminated in the 27 September assassination of Hassan Nasrallah and other senior commanders, including Ali Karaki, commander of Hezbollah in south Lebanon, in an airstrike that destroyed their underground headquarters in Beirut's Dahieh suburbs.[65][66] Several days later, on 1 October 2024, Israel launched a ground operation into southern Lebanon, which, according to the IDF, aimed at dismantling Hezbollah's forces and infrastructure that posed a threat to civilian communities in northern Israel.[67][68][69] The killing of Nasrallah delivered a significant setback to the Iranian-led "Axis of Resistance", a network of proxy Islamist militias that Iran has long employed to target both Israel and Western interests in the Middle East.[58]
الهجمات
وبحسب الجيش الإسرائيلي، أطلقت إيران حوالي 200 صاروخ على موجتين على الأقل.[10][12][70]وباستخدام صواريخ فرط صوتية مثل صواريخ فتاح-1.[71][72] وتركزت مواقع الإطلاق الإيرانية من تبريز، وكاشان، وأطراف طهران.[73]وبحسب لمسؤول إيراني كبير، فإن الأمر بإطلاق الصواريخ على إسرائيل جاء من المرشد الأعلى لإيران آية الله علي خامنئي.[74]وأعلنت إيران مسؤوليتها عن الهجوم على التلفزيون الرسمي. وجاء في البيان تحذير من أنها مجرد "موجة أولى"، دون الكشف عن المزيد من التفاصيل.[75]
وقالت الأنباء أن إسرائيليين أثنين أصيبا بجروح طفيفة جراء الغارات.[76] وأصيب عدد من الفلسطينيين في أريحا بشظايا صاروخ.[8][77] A 37-year-old[78]كما قُتل رجل فلسطيني يُدعى سامح العسلي، وهو عامل أصله من غزة، في أريحا جراء إصابته بشظية صاروخ جرى اعتراضه في حادث مصور بواسطة كميرا مراقبة.[79][19][80]
وأظهرت اللقطات عدد الاعتراضات للصواريخ، منها كان فوق المسجد الأقصى.[14] وقال الجيش الإسرائيلي إن القدرة التشغيلية لـالقوات الجوية الإسرائيلية ظلت سليمة أثناء الهجوم، حيث عملت طائراتها ودفاعاتها الجوية بشكل طبيعي.[15] كما ورد سقوط لصواريخ أو حطام الصواريخ، في كلم ن تل أبيب، وديمونا، وحورة، وهود هشارون، وبئر السبع، وريشون لتصيون.[81]كما تم العثور على شظايا في قرية صانور بالقرب من جنين.[14]وسقط صاروخ في شمال تل أبيب، أدى إلى إلحاق أضرار بمطعم، بينما أحدث صاروخ آخر دماراً كبيراً في مدرسة حباد في غديرا، مخلفاً حفرة كبيرة.[14]
وأظهرت مقاطع الفيديو بثتها شبكة CNN عدداً كبيراً من الصواريخ الإيرانية التي أصابت قاعدة نڤاطيم الجوية.[13][82] فيما بقي من غير الواضح حجم الضرر الذي سببه الهجوم. فيما ذكرت وسائل الإعلام الإيرانية أن العديد من الطائرات الإسرائيلية الأكثر تطوراً قد تم تدميرها، لكنها لم يجري تأكيد ذلك.[83] كما تعرضت قاعدة تل نوف الجوية تعرضت للقصف بعدة صواريخ باليستية، والذي أدى لانفجارات في القاعدة يُعقتد أنها بسبب ذخائر مخزنة.[83] كما استهداف مقر الموساد بالقرب من تل أبيب، لكنه لم يتضرر، بحيث سقط أقرب صاروخ باليستي على بعد حوالي 500 متر منه.[83]كما منعت الرقابة التي يفرضها الجيش الإسرائيلي وسائل الإعلام الإسرائيلية من نشر المواقع الدقيقة لإصابات الصواريخ وحجم الأضرار.[20]لكن المصادر أشارت إلى استهداف قواعد الجوية إضافية.
وفي هود هشارون، تضرر أكثر من مائة منزل جراء انفجارات الصواريخ وشظاياها.[84] وأدعى الجيش الإسرائيلي أنه اعترض "عدداً كبيراً" من الصواريخ، بينما أكد المتحدث باسم البنتاغون أن مدمرات البحرية الأمريكية أطلقت نحو اثنتي عشرة صواريخ اعتراضية ضد الصواريخ الإيرانية.[21] وقال مستشار الأمن القومي الأمريكي جيك سوليفان أن "شركاء" آخرين للولايات المتحدة ساعدوا في إحباط الهجوم، لكنه لم يحدد من هم. وذكر الأردن أن دفاعاته الجوية اعترضت صواريخ وطائرات مسيرة فوق الأجواء الأردنية خلال الحادث.[21]
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ردود الفعل
In the immediate response to the attack, Israel, Iraq, and Jordan closed their airspaces. Israel also reported that its security cabinet was convening in a bunker in Jerusalem.[85][86][87]
Various airlines changed their flight routes as a result of airspace closures.[88] The president of Cyprus Nikos Christodoulides called for an extraordinary session of the National Security Council to discuss the ongoing developments and activated the "Estia" plan in order to get foreign nationals out of Lebanon and Israel upon request.[89][90]
المسؤولين الحكوميين
إيران
Iran's vice president for Strategic Affairs Javad Zarif contended that Iran had the right to self-defense against Israeli attacks on Iranian soil and criticized Western countries for aiding "the Israeli genocide in Gaza" and acquiesing "in Israeli aggressions against Iran, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen and other countries in the region".[91] Iran's Foreign Minister further added the missile strikes targeted "solely military & security sites in charge of genocide".[92]
According to the IRGC, Iran has threatened to carry out "crushing attacks" if Israel responds.[23] Khamenei is reported to be staying in a secure location.[93] Iran said that 90% of its missiles had hit their targets, but the Israeli military disputed this claim, saying that "a large number" of missiles were intercepted.[19]
Iranian state media alleged that up to 20 F-35 fighter jets were destroyed in the strike and that the Nevatim Airbase was heavily damaged.[94]
Iran suspended all flights at Imam Khomeini International Airport following the missile attacks.[95]
Crowds celebrated the strikes in Tehran and other cities, waving the Hezbollah, Iranian, Palestinian and Lebanese flags while holding portraits of Hassan Nasrallah.[96]
إسرائيل
Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich commented on the situation, stating, "Like Gaza, Hezbollah and the state of Lebanon, Iran will regret the moment."[97]
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Iran made a "big mistake" and that Israel will attack its enemies anywhere in the Middle East.[98][99] During the attacks, the Security Cabinet of Israel convened in a bunker in Jerusalem.[100]
IDF Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Herzi Halevi stated: "We will choose when to exact the price, and prove our precise and surprising attack capabilities, in accordance with the guidance of the political echelon."[98]
Former prime minister Naftali Bennett called for action against Iran's nuclear program.[101] An anonymous high-ranking Israeli security official has called for Israel to take strong measures against Iran's leadership.[102]
الولايات المتحدة
During a press briefing, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan stated: "there will be severe consequences for this attack and we will work with Israel to make that the case."[21]
US State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller called on "every nation in the world must join us in condemning" the attack. He added that "This event had nothing to do with Iran's sovereignty. It has to do with the fact that a number of the terrorist organizations that Iran has set up for years as a way to undermine and attack the State of Israel have been weakened first over the past few months and then most recently over the past few weeks, To the extent that any Iranian officials have been killed in the past few days in Lebanon or in Syria, it's because they were meeting with terrorist leaders."[21]
US vice president Kamala Harris criticized the Iranian missile strike as "reckless and brazen," asserting that it underscores Iran's role as a "destabilizing, dangerous force" in the Middle East. She stated that "Iran is not only a threat to Israel; it also poses risks to American personnel in the region, American interests, and innocent civilians who suffer from Iran-based and backed terrorist proxies." She concluded that the US "will never hesitate to take whatever action is necessary to defend US forces and interests against Iran and Iran-backed terrorists" and "will continue to work with our allies and partners to disrupt Iran's aggressive behavior and hold them accountable."[21]
US senator Lindsey Graham called for Iran's missile attack to be a "breaking point" and urged the Biden administration to coordinate "an overwhelming response" with Israel against Iran, saying that this was a moment of decision "for the free world regarding Iran". Senator Marco Rubio said that a large scale retaliation was "certain to follow".[103]
فلسطين
Hamas congratulated the IRGC for the attacks "on large areas of our occupied territories", saying it was "in response to the occupation's ongoing crimes against the peoples of the region, and in revenge for the blood of our nation's heroic martyrs; the martyr Mujahid Ismail Haniyeh, the martyr His Eminence Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, and the martyr Major General Abbas Nilforoushan."[104]
آخرون
- الأرجنتين: The government condemned the "dangerous and unjustified" attack against Israel, and reaffirmed that Israel has a "right to legitimate defence."[105]
- أستراليا: Prime minister Anthony Albanese condemned the attack, calling it a "dangerous escalation".[106]
- الصين: China said the failure to achieve a "comprehensive and lasting" ceasefire in Gaza was the "root cause" of the increased tension.[107]
- الاتحاد الأوروپي: Foreign policy chief Josep Borrell condemned the attack and said that the EU is committed to protect Israeli security.[108]
- فنلندا: Minister for Foreign Affairs Elina Valtonen condemned the attack, calling both parties to show utmost restraint.[109][110]
- فرنسا: President Emmanuel Macron strongly condemned the attack, stating that the French Army is "committed to Israel's security" and that military resources in the Middle East have been mobilized to counter the "Iranian threat".[111]
- ألمانيا: Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock condemned the strikes in the 'strongest possible terms' and called for an immediate cessation of the attacks. She added that Iran "is driving the region further to the brink of the abyss."[78]
- اليابان: Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba condemned the attack, calling it "unacceptable" and seeks de-escalation through other means.[112]
- هولندا: Foreign minister Caspar Veldkamp condemned the strike. In a telephone call, Veldkamp urged his Iranian counterpart Abbas Araghchi to refrain from further attacks and indicated that de-escalation in the region is now the utmost importance.[113]
- صربيا: Foreign minister Marko Đurić condemned the strikes and stated that "Serbia stands with the Jewish people".[114]
- إسپانيا: Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez condemned the attack and asked for "this spiral of violence" to end, while calling once again for a ceasefire in Gaza and Lebanon.[115] Spain has been one of the leading European nations in the defence of Palestine and one of the most critical voices with the actions of Netanyahu's government both in Gaza and Lebanon.[116][117]
- الأمم المتحدة: Secretary-General António Guterres issued a statement condemning the "broadening of the Middle East conflict", though he did not specifically mention Iran.[78] In response, Israel's Foreign Minister, Israel Katz, announced that Guterres would be barred from entering the country due to his failure to condemn the Iranian missile attack.[118] Later at an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, Guterres officially condemned the attack, specifically mentioning Iran.[119][120]
- المملكة المتحدة: Prime Minister Keir Starmer condemned Iran's "aggression" against Israel and Iran's attempts "to harm innocent Israelis", saying the UK stands with Israel and recognizes its "right to self-defence".[121] Defence Secretary John Healey confirmed that the British Armed Forces "played their part" in defending Israel during the strikes.[122]
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وسائل الإعلام والجماعات الدعوية
The American Israel Public Affairs Committee sent text messages to its supporters telling to contact their representatives and demand support for Israel against Iran.[123]
المظاهرات العامة
In Tehran, a small crowd gathered to celebrate the missile strikes, with some holding posters of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, waving flags and chanting anti-Israel and anti-American slogans. Iranian state television played celebratory music. Despite the jubilation, others expressed concern over potential retaliation from Israel and the United States, fearing it could escalate into a larger conflict.[124]
Palestinians celebrated the strikes in Jabalia and other parts of the Gaza Strip, while fireworks were set off in the West Bank in support of the strikes.[96] An 18-year-old Palestinian was reportedly killed by his own weapon during celebrations in the Tulkarm camp.[125]
Public celebrations over the strikes were also held in Beirut, Lebanon,[96] Baghdad, Iraq,[126] and in Sanaa, Yemen.[96]
تحليل
Arash Azizi, writing for The Atlantic, frames Iran's missile strikes as a move by Supreme Leader Khamenei to salvage his regime's reputation. Azizi notes that "Tehran was fast losing face, and Khamenei apparently made up his mind to shore up his anti-Israel credibility." He further asserts that the escalation marks a "terrifying moment for Iran", after the country has long maintained a position of supporting militias opposed to Israel and Western interests while avoiding direct conflict. Azizi argues that this approach was never sustainable, as Iran's military capabilities fall far short of Israel's, and its population, suffering from economic issues, does not share the regime's hostility toward Israel. Furthermore, Iran's weak air-defense systems leave the nation vulnerable.[127]
انظر أيضاً
ملاحظات
المصادر
- ^ Walters, Joanna. "Second wave of missiles seen above Jerusalem as Iran launches attack". The Guardian.
- ^ Roth, Andrew; Beaumont, Peter; Christou, William. "Israel vows to retaliate after Iran launches unprecedented missile attack". The Guardian.
- ^ أ ب "Iran's IRGC say attack on Israel response to killing of Nasrallah". Al Jazeera. 1 October 2024.
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{{cite web}}
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